3.3. Examples for Recapitulation and Tests

For consolidating and testing the knowledge and skills acquired, questions are raised in this section.

To each question the corresponding answer is given.

Questions which are contained in the "Trainees' Handbook of Lessons" are marked with the letter "A".

1. What voltages have to be considered as hazardous contact voltages?
(a.c. voltages of more than 50 V; d.c. voltages of more than 120 V)

2. What are the effects of electric current on the human organism?
(Irritating effect; heat effect)

3. What is the intensity of a current flowing through a person, if the current path goes from hand to feet and the applied voltage is 220 V?
"A" (220 mA)

4. What conclusion is to be drawn from this current intensity?

"A" (The current intensity is lethal.)

5. Why is every single minute of first aid measures decisive in the case of an accident caused by electric current?
"A" The most dangerous irritating effect - ventricular fibrillation - may occur. Due to failure of blood circulation, no oxygenic blood reaches the brain of injured person, so that it comes to incurable damage to the brain.)

6. What measures have to be taken for rescuing an injured person?
(Breaking of the fault-current circuit; rescuing the injured person; rendering first aid.)

7. Why must the rescuer never touch the injured person with bare hands?
"A" (He exposes himself to utmost danger of death.)

8. What information should an information board of first aid give?
"A" (Name and working place of a trained first-aid attendant; service hours and telephone number of the station of an ambulance address and telephone number of the department/office of the enterprise disposing of a car for the transportation of injured persons; address and telephone number of the ambulance service concerned; address and telephone number of the next clinic or outpatient's department.)

9. Why must unconscious people not be given anything to drink?
(Danger of suffocation.)

10. What must be kept in mind when treating wounds and secondary injuries?
"A" (Immediate measures take priority. Open wounds must not be touched with hand. Do not try to remove foreign bodies that have penetrated the injured person's body. Measures are restricted to first aid.)

11. Why is an alkalinization necessary with people who had an accident caused by electric current?
(In order to achieve a neutralization of the acids created in the body by the electric current.)

12. Why are unconscious people exposed to the danger of suffocation?
"A" (Whit unconscious people, the lower jaw falls back and the tongue blocks the upper respiratory tracts. There is the danger of suffocation.)

13. Why are injured people placed in coma position?
(The coma position prevents the squeezing of the respiratory tracts and guarantees that blood, mucus and vomit can flow out of the mouth.)

14. What methods are used for giving artificial respiration?
(Mouth-to-nose respiration with the help of auxiliary equipment such as mouth breathing apparratus and masks.)

15. Why must aesthetic and hygenic objections be suppressed with giving artificial respiration?
(Because otherwise the injured person cannot be saved.)

16. Why must the head of the injured person be overstretched backwards?
"A" (Because this makes the upper respiratory tracts accessible for artificial respiration.)

17. When must the manual methods of artificial respiration be used?
(When extensive injuries of the face make the giving of respiration from mouth to nose or mouth to mouth impossible.)

18. Why should manual methods of artificial respiration be applied only in exceptional cases?
"A" (Because the manual methods are clearly inferior to the giving of respiration from mouth to nose or mouth to mouth, respectively.)

19. Why must measures of resusciation not by broken up be the rescuer on his own?
"A" (Because only a physician is able to determine whether or not an injured person is dead.)

20. Why must an injured person be carried by at least two people?
"A" (Because a person who had an accident caused by electric current must be moved in lying position and must be constantly observed during transportation.)

21. Why must the medical staff be informed about the first aid measures taken?
"A" (To enable them to assess the condition of the injured person and to take further measures.)