JAPAN

There is a well structured system of TVE teacher preparation in Japan which is reflected in the high quality of teaching in school. It is based on a certification system and carried out in universities or junior colleges. Pre-service training is offered by any university approved by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture which also determines the numbers of credits in specialised subjects and in pedagogy.

For the upper secondary teaching more credits have to be acquired in specialised subjects. There are other bodies approved by the Ministry which also offer teacher certification. Besides teacher certification through pre-service courses, in-service training and student teaching practice are also used to maintain quality in teaching profession.

Education Personnel Certification Law requires any person undergoing teacher certification to go through Student Teaching Practice. This gives the trainees an opportunity to have on-the-job training. The law also requires teachers to pursue refresher in-service training.