Case Studies of People's Participation in Watershed Management in Asia (PWMTA, 1996): (introduction...)

Case Studies of People's Participation in Watershed Management in Asia (PWMTA, 1996)

(introduction...)

Abbreviations

Local terms

Foreword

A case study of people's participation in Begnastal and Rupatal (BTRT) watershed management in Nepal

(introduction...)

Abstract

Introduction

Background

Study site selection

Objectives of the study

Review

Overview of the study area

(introduction...)

Climate

Vegetation

Land use

Livestock

Socio-economic conditions

The concepts and mechanisms of people's participation

(introduction...)

No participation model

Information sharing model

Political participation model

Users' participation model

Individual participation model

Review of people's participation in watershed management in the western development region

Methodology

Result and discussions

Evolution of participation

(introduction...)

First stage (1974-80)

Second stage (1981-85)

Third stage (1986-90)

Fourth stage (1991-94)

Activities of the Begnastal Rupatal watershed management project

(introduction...)

First phase (1985-89)

Second phase (1990-94)

Consequences of the BTRT project

Involvement of women, occupational castes and other minority groups

Management of forests

Management of private and community lands

Influences of the BTRT project on people's participation

Community development and organization

Community development board

Local club

Result of people's participation in the BTRT area

Changes and improvements in land use

Economic benefits

Changes in land productivity

Users' involvement in watershed management

Access to credit

Innovations by neighbouring farmers

Problems and constraints

Conclusions and recommendations

Conclusions

Policy recommendations

(introduction...)

Unit of watershed management

Users and their organizations

Gender equality

Indigenous technology

Watershed resource assessment

Development of local capabilities

Sharing information and coordinating activities

Training

Other recommendations

Acknowledgement

References

A case study of successful watershed management in Wuhua County, Guangdong Province, China

(introduction...)

Abstract

Introduction

(introduction...)

Purpose of the study

Justification for study site selection

Methodology

Description of Wuhua County

Environmental and socio-economic conditions

Topography

Climate

(introduction...)

Precipitation

Soil and water erosion

Types of soil erosion

Some important features of soil erosion

Vegetation

Relations between vegetation and soil erosion

(introduction...)

Soil types susceptible to erosion

Hydrology

Sedimentation

Environmental damage

Mechanisms of people's participation

(introduction...)

Family contract system

(introduction...)

Collective or group contract system

Sub-Lease contract system

Professional contract system

Specialized contract system

Soil and water conservation strategy

(introduction...)

Strategic decisions of the provincial government

Strategies for implementing comprehensive management of small watersheds

Watershed management planning

(introduction...)

The principles of planning

Achievements

(introduction...)

Vegetative measures

Engineering measures

Administration for people's participation and research support

(introduction...)

Administration

Research support

The case of benefits from land leasing contractual arrangements for people's participation in WUPI watershed

(introduction...)

The Wupi small watershed

(introduction...)

Some features of soil erosion in Wupi watershed

Comprehensive erosion control measures at Wupi watershed

A brief history

Soil erosion control measures

Reduction in fuel-wood shortage

Contractual arrangements for people's participation

(introduction...)

Water control measures

Measures to improve farmland

Benefits of soil conservation

(introduction...)

Ecological benefits

Social benefits

Results of improved land use management in Wuhua county

(introduction...)

Economic benefits

Acknowledgement

Bibliography

A successful case of participatory watershed management at Ralegan Siddhi Village in district Ahmadnagar, Maharastra, India*

(introduction...)

Abstract

An overview of people's participation in natural resource management in India

Breakdown of traditional sustainable systems

Participation of resource poor farmers

Prejudice against women

Recent prominent initiatives of people's participation in resource management

(introduction...)

Naxalite movement

Chipko movement

Save Narmada movement (Andolan)

Bodh Gaya Andolan

Ganga liberation (Mukti) Andolan

AVARD'S irrigation schemes

Water council (Pani Panchayat)

Sukhomajri

Rope makers of saharanpur

Chakriya Vikas pranali (the cyclic system of development)

MYRADA's self-help groups

Rural labor association of Halpati Sava Sangh

Ralegan Siddhi

Self-Help groups by Taj Mahal gram Bikas Kendra

Mahila Vikas Sangh (women development federation)

Self employed women's association

The case of people's participation in watershed management in Ralegan Siddhi

(introduction...)

Description

The physical setting

Demographic features

Socio-economic structure

Base-line situation

Approaches/methods used for people's participation

(introduction...)

Persuasion

Gandhian approach

Creation of a common platform

Moral cleansing

Selfless leadership

Identification of the most pressing common problem

Initiating the process of change at individual level

Socialization of costs and surpluses

Democratic decision making process

Social reform with strict discipline

Need-based planned socio-economic development

Cooperative management system

Special focus on women

Facilitating village organizations

Reflections on the experience and insights gained

Lessons, achievements, weaknesses and constraints

Lessons

Achievements at Ralegan Siddhi

Weaknesses

Constraints

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

(introduction...)

PWMTA-WMTUH-FARM Field Document No. 4

Case Studies of People's Participation in Watershed Management in Asia

Part I: Nepal, China and India

Edited by

Prem N. Sharma and Mohan P. Wagley

Kathmandu, Nepal, January, 1996

UNDP/FAO/Netherlands, RAS/93/063 - GCP/RAS/161/NET

Watershed Management in Tropics and Upper Himalayas (WMTUH)/Farmer centred Agriculture Resource Management (FARM) Program Participatory Watershed Management Training in Asia (PWMTA)

PWMTA

The Participatory Watershed Management Training in Asia (PWMTA) Program (GCP/RAS/161/NET, FAO/Netherlands) is designed for human resource development in participatory watershed management. It will contribute to sustainable use and management of forest, soil, water and other natural resources by enhancing skills and national capabilities to plan, implement, evaluate and monitor participatory watershed rehabilitation programs. This will be achieved by regional training. workshops, seminars and national and regional watershed management networking. The PWMTA is closely linked and complimentary to the FARM program.

Many of the Asian countries are seriously investing in WM today. However, few are providing training in holistic approach to participatory watershed management. PWMTA is to assist the member countries in filling this gap.

ASIAN WATMANET

(ASIAN WATershed MAnagement NETwork)

This is a regional network for people's participation in watershed management founded in Nov. 1994 by the national coordinators of the RAS/93/063, WMTUH/FARM program. It is now sponsored by the PWMTA, GCP/RAS/161/NET program of the FAO/Netherlands along with the RAS/93/062, FARM program of the UNDP/FAO into which the RAS/93/063 has merged. Its member countries are the participating countries in the FARM program and the PWMTA program. The network is to facilitate: farmers' organizations for watershed management at small watershed, village, district and national level, exchange of experiences at farmers, extensionists, as well as technical, professional. educator and policy maker level, exchange of information among the member countries, and strengthen a movement of GO/NGO/PO/FOs for sustainable natural resources management of the fragile watersheds in the Asian region: It also publishes a quarterly ASIAN WATMANET newsletter.

The designations employed and the presentation of the materials in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the FAO (UN), UNDP or the Netherlands concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries.

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion what so ever in the part of the FAO (UN), UNDP or the Netherlands.

First Edition: January, 1996
Second Edition: July, 1996
Third Edition: July, 1997

Publisher:
Participatory Watershed Management Training in Asia (PWMTA) Program, GCP/RAS/161/NET - RAS/93/062, FAO (UN), P.O. Box 25, Kathmandu, Nepal

Office address:
Dept. of Soil Conservation, Babarmahal, MFSC/HMG, Kathmandu, Nepal

For copies write to:
Dr. Prem N. Sharma, FAO (UN), P.O. Box 25, Kathmandu, Nepal

Credits:

Front cover photo: Community forestry in the BTRT watershed area, Nepal case study by Mr. Rabin Bogati, Department of Soil Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Back cover photo: PRA in FARM demonstration watershed at Khanigaon village, Nuwakot, Nepal, by Mr. I. B. Malla, District Soil Conservation Officer, Rasuwa, Nepal.