(introduction...)

Published 1996 by the
Center for Media Freedom & Responsibility (CMFR)
with a grant from the
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)

© All Rights Reserved

Figure

United Nations Population Fund

The responsibility for the opinions expressed in this publication rests solely with their author(s) and does not constitute an endorsement by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).

Unit 405, Horizon Condominium
Meralco Ave., City of Pasig, Metro Manila

633-5917, 634-1773, 633-9437
633-9437

Data card

PUBLICATION TYPE:	Project publication
IMPRINT:	Manila, Philippines: Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility, 1996
PAGINATION:	28 p.
PERSONAL AUTHOR:	Danguilan, Marilen J.
AFFILIATED AGENCY:	Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR)
UNFPA PROJECT NUMBER:	PHI/94/P04
NOTES:	Includes "Directory of Sources" (listing of Philippines organizations) as separate pamphlet.
ABSTRACT:	Contrasts "population control" vs. "reproductive health" policies (chart p. 11).
SUBJECT:	Reproductive health; Mass media; Directories
REGION:	Asia and the Pacific
COUNTRY:	Philippines

I. Introduction

A Framework for Understanding Reproductive Health

On Women’s Health: Beyond Reproduction

by Marilen J. Dalan, M.D.

Figure

For sometime now, population discussion has resounded with the term “reproductive health.” Obviously, the term can have several meanings. And its use would depend on the interpretation given by a profession, a political perspective or ideology.

It is important for the media to establish a framework of understanding that will rationalize its repeated reference in the public forum.

Reproductive health is part of women’s overall health. After almost five decades of discussion, the international community has agreed to adopt the concept of “reproductive health” as an approach to the crafting of population policy. It has provided a saner approach to the solution of population problems.

The concept may be interpreted in different ways. Reproductive health may be pursued through different programs, depending on the social and economic conditions prevailing in the country. But there are fundamental and ethical principles upon which reproductive health is based. Women advocates hope that policies will reflect these principles. These principles should be understood to clarify the basis of conceptual discussion.

Figure

The tendency to equate “reproductive health” with “family planning” needs correction. While the principles of “reproductive health” have been used to revise previous population policy approaches, reproductive health should not be understood as just another name for population control. It is grounded in reproductive rights’ and is a basic condition of “women’s empowerment!’ (unfortunately another misunderstood and abused term). Women’s empowerment is not only about abortion and fertility control. Rather it is about those conditions which enable men and women to fulfill their potential, including their sexuality. It is about freedom from fear of incest, rape, the kind of harassment, discrimination, exploitation, and violence that exploit women because they are women. The empowerment and liberation is sought for men as for women, because these fears hold back both male or female from understanding and appreciating their being fully and equally human:

But then again the ability to be (or not to be), or the forces that lead to empowerment, is really a question of one’s access to a range of opportunities for jobs, livelihood, property, education, housing, health care, credit, as well as political participation. These are basic enabling conditions that help a person enjoy a fuller life; building up one’s personal confidence and self-esteem. These conditions allow a woman to choose if and when to get pregnant, if and when not to. These conditions give one the leverage to “negotiate safe sex;” to say no to an oppressive husband and to seek protection against his abuse. These enable a man or woman to step out of the closet with the truth of their sexuality. These conditions help men and women to stand up against the stereotypes perpetrated by custom, cultural tradition or religion that hold them down, especially in those areas related to sexuality.

Reproductive health and reproductive rights are central to empowerment. Development can evolve basic enabling conditions that reduces poverty levels, strengthens safety nets for marginalized sectors, and focuses on the economic independence for the country and for the individual.

Figure

Reproductive health and its enabling conditions are ends in themselves, and should be pursued as such. Whether or not these should bring fertility rates down in the future is no longer the overriding concern. The driving force is not the determinationof how many children everybody should have or what size a family should take. The shift signifies the movement of population concerns from the numbers count. What matters most is that women and men can make real choices. And that they are able to live well with the choices they make.

II. Tracing policy shifts from family planning to reproductive health

Figure

For almost five decades since the birth of the family planning establishment², most governments the world over have been infusing enormous investments and focusing much of its activity and energy into controlling numbers of people, either in their own countries or elsewhere. The establishment viewed the increasing numbers –especially those in the developing countries – as a threat to national well-being and security. The growth in population in the developing world was a destabilizing force that would hinder the developed countries’ sustained access to material resources.³

During the early 50s to the 70s the establishment pushed governments of developing counties to control their population growth rates, assisting them with funds and programs to achieve this.

Birth control methods and techniques flooded countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Population controllers went to work. India set up its sterilization camps where women and men were sterilized in exchange for a few hundred rupees, a sack of wheat, or a transistor radio. Indonesia started its safari campaigns – which are still going on up to this day – where the military rounded up women in villages and plunged lUDs into them.

But these attempts to control numbers met with resistance in most of the developing world. Furthermore, the establishment also observed that fertility levels did not go down to desired levels.

Thus, in the 70s, the population policy community started to re-think its strategies and shift its focus from population control or how to reduce numbers immediately at the least cost to population planning or how best to reduce numbers by looking at the different influences that made couples decide to have children.

Population planners became more interested in those factors that motivated people to practice family planning. They gave importance to research that studied “determinants”⁴ of fertility and suggested governments to provide incentives and disincentives to encourage couples to limit or increase the sizes of their families.

The focus was on motivation. Population planners urged governments to integrate family planning into some broader program like Maternal and Child Health or Primary Health Care. They believed that such an integration would attract more clients to resort to birth control methods.

But then again, after a decade or so of motivating and integrating, the population planners observed that their approach failed to achieve dramatic results. Governments, they pointed out, were slow in integrating family planning into broader programs. Motivation and integration, they claimed, were turning out to be very costly, not only for national governments, but for international donor agencies as well.

Throughout the 80s and 90s, the women’s groups⁵ began to make their presence felt. The women’s groups pointed out that the establishment has blamed women for the world’s teeming populations; thus the focus on controlling women’s fertility. Women advocates argued that population policies, whether based on control or a system of incentives and disincentives, have been disrespectful of women’s bodies and rights. Women had become “targets”, passive recipients of some form of birth control method, often without any recognition of their dignity and their capacity to make rational choices.

Figure

Women’s groups have demanded ^– and continue to demand ^– from government and other institutions of society– that since women stand in the center of population policies, they should be able to participate actively in making those decisions that directly affect their lives.

Time and again, they have insisted that they have needs which are not centered solely on the pelvic zone. These needs include food, land, jobs, credit, education, houses, health care for their children as well–basics the government should provide. They said they also needed to be freed from violent and abusive husbands, from customary rules that do not allow them to inherit and own property, from cultural conditions that tend to straitjacket women into a motherhood role, from oppressive laws that restrict their effective access to the means by which to control their bodies and the reproductive function; as well as from institutionalized forms of discrimination and sanctions that prevent them from fully expressing their sexuality.

All these basic needs in life, they said, have more bearing on their health and their desire and ability to control their fertility than the numbers of pills and IUDs distributed or the numbers of hospitals in their communities. These “enabling conditions” have to be fulfilled before they are able to achieve reproductive health and before they can exercise their reproductive rights.

Population controllers and planners, for whatever reasons, have collaborated with several women’s group⁶. UNFPA has supported feminist conferences and meetings which feature women’s concerns and it has funded women’s groups working on health projects. The Population Council has sponsored meetings to work with feminist leaders on contraceptive technology issues. USAID is strengthening its Women in Development offices which are funding women’s projects.

At the Nairobi Conference in 1985, for instance, population control and planning groups were well represented. At the Cairo (1994) and Beijing (1995) Conferences, population controllers and planners worked closely with women’s groups. Many feminists and women’s groups in these conferences, however, opposed the controllers and planners on ideological grounds (see Table 1) and have proposed a reproductive health approach instead.

Figure

Table 1. Comparison of population control and reproductive health population policies⁷

Area	Population Control	Reproductive Health
Goals	Reduction of growth rate; and Improve women’s and children’s health and family welfare.	Change socio-economic conditions; Improve women’s and men’s overall and reproductive health; Increase women’s control over their bodies and lives.
Ethical Principles	Demographic goals are crucial.	Bodily integrity; Personhood; Equality; Diversify
Underlying Assumptions	Population size/growth main determinant of poverty, underdevelopment, and environmental sustainability; Population control is able to reduce fertility.	Poverty is due to economic growth model; need to meet basic needs; Improving women’s status and quality reproductive health programs will reduce fertility.
PROGRAM OPERATIONS
Objectives	Target oriented with incentives and disincentives	Focuses on individual needs
Service range	Contraception; maternal and child health.	Contraception; maternal health; STDs, RTIs, HIV/AIDS; violence against women; cancer screening- in the context of ender relations
Age of women and marital status	Married women of reproductive age	Women of all ages throughout their life cycle; married or unmarried; Focus on male responsibility
Service delivery standards	Quality of care not emphasized	Quality of care standards high
Women’s empowerment	No component on women’s status/rights	Increased access and control; women’s empowerment built into all service design and implementation. Efforts at structural reform of society (e.g. legal reforms, policy reforms, etc. to eliminate discrimination and violence against women) outside the program are supported.
Contraceptive methods	Focus on permanent, long-acting contraceptives requiring medical intervention (e.g. sterilization, injectables, implants); provider preferences dominate.	Emphasis on safe, effective and affordable methods which women control; Efforts are to increase male responsibility, research into and use of male methods.
PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
User’s feedback	Bureaucratic; little interest in users’ perspectives	Users’ feedback actively sought
Research/evaluation	Demographic quantitative research related to fertility control	Action research with high degree of participation
Indicators	Demographic targets	Quantitative and qualitative standards emphasizing users’ satisfaction, well-being, quality of care, and empowerment
Planning and decision-making	Top-down; minimal participation of service providers at all levels.	Community highly involved in conceptualization and review of design and operations; users well-represented in decision-making bodies.

III. Reproductive health: a perspective and an approach

Figure

Reproductive health is concerned with the health of both men and women. But since women’s reproductive role is more marked than men’s, reproductive health becomes more important to women. (Women in this country and in other less developed countries die more from pregnancy-related and gynecological causes than from any other cause like car accidents or suicides. The Philippines’ maternal mortality rate is 209 per 100,000 live births.)

Two points need to be emphasized here.

One, while reproductive health refers to the physiological process of reproduction, it is important to understand that it is part of a woman’s overall health, and should never be taken in isolation or separate from it.

Two, it is important to stress that reproductive health goes well beyond biomedical definitions and categories, extends far beyond genital areas, and way beyond the erogenous zones, though all these are all part of it. Reproductive health is influenced as much by viruses, bacteria, protozoa, or other germs as it is by cultural practices, customary norms, legal structures, poverty levels, educational systems, gender relations, and economic policies, even.

Reproductive health constitutes a perspective, a way of looking at the reproduction and sexuality of women and men, as they live day-by-day in the socio-cultural, political, and economic contexts of their time.

At the same time, it is an approach, a way of dealing with and responding to the actual needs of women and men through the shaping of policies and the design of services.

Reproductive health, as it is presented here, is not a fixed concept and is definitely not engraved in stone. It is flexible and it changes, according to what women and men need, and according to what their circumstances and conditions are.

As a Perspective

Given this, reproductive health, as a perspective, recognizes the roles of women and men, the expectations arising from these roles, the status accorded to these roles, and how such roles and status affect their state of well-being and health.

Reproductive health is to a large extent a reflection of women’s status and relative power. Husbands or partners who abuse and sexually assault their wives or partners or who forbid them to take the pill or use the IUD illustrate the dynamics of power which have adverse consequences for women’s reproductive and overall health.

Men and women have specific roles which society traditionally has ascribed to them (e.g., man, the primary breadwinner, the head of the household; woman, the mother, the wife and housekeeper; and if she needs or is allowed to be, the secondary breadwinner). These roles are indicative of the relative positions of men and women in society. They also give rise to the different expectations which men and women have to fulfill. Further, such roles generate needs which policies or programs may focus on, to the exclusion of other equally vital needs.

For example, nutrition programs have largely been directed towards the effects of malnutrition on women’s ability to give birth to healthier infants, to breastfeed, and to care for their growing children. Such efforts are obviously important to infants and children but manifest a benign negligence towards women whose health, per se, is important. Apart from this, such efforts are blind to the other aspects of women’s persona and the different passages in a woman’s life. Assuming that women’s only role is motherhood, they see all of women’s needs as related to this role and position in life. But as anybody can see, women are not pregnant and lactating the whole time. And sometimes, they never do.

Figure

To achieve reproductive health, therefore, it is important that women and men, but particularly women, should break free from the stereotypes. For instance, women, the stereotype goes, fulfill their potential and are at their best when they are mothers; that their reason for being is motherhood; that they engage in sex for the sole purpose of getting pregnant; that they have little or non-existent libidos. Their enjoyment of sex is denied. Female orgasm is reduced only to phantasm.

Reproductive health is then the ability of women and men to have sexual relations wholly and freely, without coercion, without fear of unwanted pregnancy, without fear of disease.

It is moreover the ability to control one’s fertility, by whatever method or technique one chooses, to avoid or minimize adverse side-effects and consequences, be these physical, emotional, or social.

It is being able to live out one’s sexual orientation without suffering discrimination, stigma or other violent threats to one’s person.

Reproductive health is likewise the ability of women to go through pregnancies safely and, together with their husbands and partners, raise healthy children in a manner that is free from gender discrimination and stereotyping.

It also refers to men sharing and assuming responsibility not only in the control of fertility and birth but also in men being able to destroy oppressive, age-old stereotypes and practices that are harmful and disrespectful to women.

As a Policy Approach

As an approach, reproductive health deals with the needs an problems of each stage in the life cycle of an individual. Each stage in the life cycle of a human being from infancy to elderly – involves special needs and different problems (see Table 2) and these directly and indirectly affect reproductive health.

Table 2 lists some of the health problems that occur in a woman’s life cycle. This list is not inclusive. But it illustrates how each stage builds on the previous stage, how the health and survival of an infant, for instance, is influenced by the mother’s state of health during conception and pregnancy, or how the health of an adolescent may be affected by illness during infancy and childhood.

Certain problems, however, run throughout the entire life cycle and these are called lifetime problems. Violence against women is one problem – as a child, adolescent, a young adult, and an elderly woman, she may be the object of sexual abuse, rape, and incest. It is a critical problem and urgent issue as it erodes the gains which government programs like Child Survival and Safe Motherhood have achieved.

Table 2. Health Problems Affecting Women During the life Cycle

Infancy and Childhood (0-9 years) Differential feeding and discriminatory nutrition Discriminatory health care

Adolescence (10-19 years) Early childbearing Abortion STDs, Reproductive Tract Infections (RTls), and HlV/AIDS Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency Rising trend in cigarette smoking and substance abuse

Reproductive years (20-44) Unplanned pregnancy STDs, RTls, and HIV/AIDS Abortion Pregnancy complications Malnutrition, especially iron deficiency Infertility

Post-reproductive years (45+ years) Cancers, including breast and gynecological cancers Osteoporosis Cardiovascular diseases Osteoarthritis Diabetes

Lifetime health problems Violence against women (battering, sexual assault, rape, incest) Certain occupational and environmental health hazards Mental illness, depression

IV Why reproductive health?

Figure

For three major reasons, a reproductive health perspective and approach is needed, if the status of women is to be raised and the quality of their lives improved.

First, declines in maternal mortality require more than family planning or birth control methods alone. Indonesia, for example, has a maternal mortality rate of 450 per 100,000 live births, despite 50 per cent of married women using a contraceptive method. The same argument goes for China. Its maternal mortality rate is 115 per 100,000 live births but contraceptive use among the Chinese women is as high as 72 per cent.

In countries with improved living standards and whose governments have provided women with a comprehensive health package, maternal mortality rates have declined dramatically. Sweden’s maternal mortality rate, for instance, dropped from levels of around 1,000 to about five per 100,000 live births over a period of 250 years. And this decline occurred before any kind of modern contraception was available. Malaysia has a maternal mortality rate of 26 per 100,000 live births but contraceptive use is only 51 per cent.

These cases indicate that family planning alone is not enough to prevent maternal deaths. Efficient health care is more effective than fertility regulation in preventing maternal mortality.

Second, family planning alonewill not improve women’s health. Most governments resort to family planning to reduce fertility levels and population growth rates, not to improve women’s overall health and well-being.

A reproductive health approach, properly carried out and mindful of its fundamental and ethical principles, offers much more to women not only in terms of quality and range of services that respond to the needs of women throughout their life but with regard to enhancing women’s autonomy and self-determination.

Third, reproductive health is based on certain fundamental and ethical principles which respect women’s and men’s dignity and autonomy. As such, it is carried out in a manner that is not coercive, that does not disregard women’s and men’s needs, and that does not violate women’s and men’s basic rights.

Figure

V. Fundamental principles

Figure

On the level of governments and institutions, these principles should serve as guide in policy formation, program planning and implementation.⁸

The principle of self-reliance refers to exercising effective control and full use of the country’s resources – human and material – so that its government can provide for the people’s basic needs.

The principle of self-reliance can and should be applied in the context of reproductive health.

For the long-term, government should rely on its scientific and technological resources to undertake research that will give rise to breakthrough technology in health as well as in industry. It should rely on its own knowledge pool to develop and produce contraceptives and other forms of fertility control appropriate to people’s needs.

For the short-term, methods of fertility control that rely on women’s capacity to decide and care for themselves and not on the medical establishment alone should be encouraged and promoted.

The principles of autonomy and self-determination should be articulated. These refer to the country, in general, and to the women, in particular.

Policy - be it reproductive health or population - should be shaped by local issues and factors and not depend blindly on foreign direction. Foreign funds which attach certain conditions goes against the principles of autonomy and self-determination. Similarly, any reproductive health initiative should recognize and have as its starting point women’s autonomy and self-determination in all areas of their lives, particularly their reproductive choices. The observance of these principles will help prevent both practice and orientation which regard women as tools to reduce population growth rates.

The principle of pluralism should uphold the diverse socio-cultural characteristics of localities and regions in the entire country.

Figure

As such, no one group, institution, or sector – local or foreign, religious or sectarian – should impose its beliefs and morals on the entire country. The diverse pluralism of the country should be accommodated, upheld, and respected. Women’s groups, be they grassroots or urbanites, should then have as much political space as the Catholic Church’s pro-lifers.

The principle of participatory democracy means that people are able to participate in political processes which help shape the policies and programs that may affect their lives. As such, their ideas are reflected in policies and programs and their needs are addressed by them.

The principles of responsibility and accountability should be recognized in any reproductive health initiative. International agencies which push population programs and governments should be accountable and responsible for observing the principles of autonomy and self-determination in their programs.

They should be held responsible and accountable for the adverse effects of reproductive technologies that put women’s and men’s health at risk. They are responsible for clinical trials and experiments that they conduct. They must provide sufficient information and without their consent, and when they dump unsafe and ineffective contraceptives for their use.

Figure

VI. Issues within and beyond the pelvic zone: some reflections

Figure

Reproductive health covers a lot of issues that need to be talked about as openly as possible. These issues have to be debated, researched, discussed in the public forum. Eventually they have to be addressed by government and NGOs alike.

The media play the critical role of bringing these issues out in the open. Essentially, these issues revolve around:

a) Medical. These include clinical trials and such as clinical trials and experimentation among the poor women in developing countries like ours; reproductive technologies such as the vaccine against pregnancy, RU-486 or the abortion pill and what these mean for women; the increasing numbers of women who have undergone unnecessary caesarean sections; the effects of pesticides on pregnant women workers in huge plantations reflected in the increasing abortion and infertility rates among them;

b) Social. These include trends such as fundamentalism on the rise and its effects on women; the role of organized religions like the Catholic Church on reproductive health policymaking and implementation of programs; the legitimacy of sexual orientation and lifestyles and the state’s recognition of these as crucial to the removal of discrimination and stigmatization; sexual violence like rape, incest and wife-battering; and

c) Political. These include the impact of international agencies which provide loans and aids on national and local policies, of priority setting not in tune with the needs of citizens and constituencies; the impact of international funding on NGO activities, causing stiff competition for access to funds which shape and direct their programs and their activities.

The list is long. And these are just some of the issues which need to be coaxed out of the closet. Their current low visibility in the public forum and the public agenda does not reflect their importance and significance in the conduct of public affairs and the direction of national development.

Is it because they have become so commonplace? Is it because these are unexciting, especially if one compares these to the ambush of a colonel in a busy street on a hot summer morning? Ambushes, after all, are not daily occurrences. And reproductive health issues may not be as dramatic as ambushes.

While these issues may not rate the same scope and attention in the public arena, they are intimately related to fundamental aspects of both personal and public life. Reproductive health issues may be marginalized because women have yet to establish their clout as political actions who determine the course of public affairs.

But it is in this area that life takes shape and form. To relegate reproductive health to the periphery of policy, legislation and political agenda creates an imbalance that affects the integrity and foundation of human life.

Notes

1 Paragraph 7.3 of the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action (1994) refers to reproductive rights as the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so and the right to attain the highest standards of sexual and reproductive health (underscoring provided).

2 The family planning establishment is a transnational coalition of national governments (mainly US, Japan, UK, Germany, Canada, France, among others), multilateral institutions (UN agencies, particularly UNFPA, World Bank, and the IMP), bilateral institutions (USAID, CIDA, JICA), private population organizations (IPPF, Population Council, Population Crisis Committee, Rockefeller, Ford, MacArthur), environment and conservation groups which squarely blame increasing population growth rates for environmental destruction (Sierra Leone, among others), and mostly US-based academic institutions (East-West, University of Chicago, University of North Carolina). This establishment, as I call them, has had a tremendous impact on how governments, especially those of poorer and less developed countries, have shaped their population policies. It has greatly influenced too the current thinking on population that continues to prevail in countries like the Philippines.

In this paper, whenever I write “the establishment”, I reter to the family planning establishment as I have defined it here.

3 In 1952, the US government established the President’s Material Policy Commission which reported that US could “sustain its civilization” only if it could depend upon the raw materials of the poor countries, the very countries which had “population growths that pressed hardest on available natural resources”.

4 Determinants are those factors that influence decision-making processes or behavior - in this case, fertility. For instance, research studies have shown that a woman’s education is a major fertility determinant. This means that a woman who is educated is more likely to control her fertility through some methods she chooses.

5 It’s very difficult to talk about women’s groups because they are so diverse and the personal and political dynamics among these groups are so complex and so complicated it is difficult to keep track of them. But for clarity’s sake and for purposes of simplifying things, when I say women’s groups, I refer, in this paper, to women’s groups composed of women in developing countries working for women’s health. In the Philippines, WomanHealth was the first women’s group which advocated for women’s rights and worked on women’s health. I also refer to the US-based and other Western-based women’s groups working for women’s health and women’s rights like the International Women’s Health Coalition, the Boston Women’s Health Collective, among others. Women’s groups in developing countries and developed countries may or may not work together, may or may not belong to the same networks. But, in their own ways, they allstrive to put women and their health in their government’s list of priorities or in the agenda of international conferences or provide women a constellation of services.

6 Many women‘s groups – here (e.g. Gabriela) and abroad (e.g. Finnrage in Bangladesh) –refuse to have anything to do with international donors which have long been into population control programs. Others have decided to work with institutions like the UNFPA, World Health Organization, Ford Foundation, Mac Arthur Foundation, but have been critically collaborating with them.

7 This was developed by Asia-Pacific Resource and Research on Women, an NGO based in Malaysia working with women’s reproductive health, based on the work of feminists like Rosalind Petchesky and Sonia Correa. (see Petchesky and Correa: “Reproductive and Sexual Rights: a feminist perspective”, 1994).

8 I do not know if these principles are being observed by governments international institutions, like the Establishment But, I suggested these, and if we’re talking reproductive health-reproductive rights as key to empowerment, then these principles are appropriate.

References

Abdullah, Rashidah. Broadening Family Planning Programmes: A Women-Centered Reproductive Health Framework. Paper presented at the Planning Meeting on Enhancing Gender-Sensitivity and Gender-Responsiveness of Family Planning and Population Programmes. 6th-8th October 1994, Tagaytay City, Philippines, International Council on Management of Population Programmes.

Abdullah, Rashidah and Rita Raj-Hashim Maternal Health. Paper presented at ESCAP Asia Pacific NGO Symposium on Women in Development, November 1994, Manila

Bergstrom, Staffan. “Myths and Realities in Population Assistance and Maternal Health Care” in Successes and Failures in Population Policies and Programs: Report From a Conference in Oslo, 25th May 1994.
Norwegian Forum for Environment and Development and Centre for International Women’s Issues.

Correa, Sonia and Rosalind Petchesky. “Reproductive and Sexual Rights: A Feminist Perspective” in (eds. Sen et al) Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment, and Rights. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies and International Women’s Health Coalition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994, pp. 107-126.

Dalan, Marilen J. Policymaking Across Borders: How the South was Won. Paper presented at the Plenary Panel on “Population, Development and Women’s Health North-South Relations, Responsibilities, and Rights.” January 25, 1994 at the REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND JUSTICE: International Women’s Health Conference for Cairo ‘94, January 24-28, 1994, Rio de Janeiro.

Dalan, Marilen J. Towards agender-sensitive and reproductive health population policy. Lecture delivered at the Women-in-Development for Family Welfare Training, POPCOM-JICA, Tagaytay City, January 29-February 18, 1995.

Dalan, Marilen J. A critique of the Philippine Population Policy, Philippine Population Program Plan, 1993-1998, and the Country Report for the international Conference on Population and Development. POPCOM. 1994.

Finkle, JL and B B Crane. “The Politics of International Population Policy” in International Transmission of Population Policy Experience. New York: United Nations, 1990. pp. 167-182.

Harrington, Judith. “Bilateral Population Assistance” in Population Policies and Programmes. New York: United Nations, 1993. pp. 165-180.

Jacquette, J S and K A Staudt. “Politics, Population, and A Feminist Analysis of US Population Policy in the Third World.” photocopy.

Jain, Anrudh and Judith Bruce. “A Reproductive Health Approach to the Objectives and Assessment of Family Planning Programs” in (eds. Sen et al) Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment, and Rights. Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies and International Women’s Health Coalition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1994, pp. 193-210.

Kasun, Jacqueline. The War Against Population: The Economics and ideology of Population Control. San Francisco, USA Ignatius Press, 1991.

Maguire, Elizabeth S. “The Evolution of United States Agency for International Development and Other Donor Assistance in Population Policy” in New York: United Nations, 1990. pp. 40-56.

Mahmud, Sin-teen. “Mobilization of Resources: The Special Problems of the Least Developed Countries” in Population Policies and Programmes. New York: United Nations, 1993. pp. 148-152.

Sen, Gita; Germaine, Adrienne; Chen, Lincoln C. Population Policies Reconsidered: Health, Empowerment, and Rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.

World Bank. A New Agenda for Women’s Health and Nutrition. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC, 1994.

(introduction...)

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

Non-Governmental Organizations (Philippine-based)

For more detailed information on the following organizations, please consult the Women’s Resource Directory compiled by the National Commission on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW).

I. The Alliance for Women’s Health

· Center for Women’s Reources (CWR)
Gertrudes Ranjo, Executive Director
127B Scout Fuentebella, Kamuning Q.C.
978791

· Center for Women’s Studies
Dr. Sylvia Guerrero, Director
University of the Philippines, Diliman, Q.C.
920-5301 loc. 4932 to 33
/ 920-6880

· GABRIELA (General Assembly Binding Women
for Reform, Integrity, Equality, Leadership and Action)
Liza Masa, Secretary General
35 Scout Delgado, Q.C.
998034
Gabriela Commission on Women’s
Health and Reproductive Rights (GCWHRR)
Dr. Sylvia Estrada-Claudio,
Coordinator
111B Scout L.uzano St.,Kamuning, Q.C.
984803

· Institute for Social Studies in Action (ISSA)
Rowena Alvarez, Executive Director
#3 Mahabgin St. corner Malumanay St
Teachers’ Village, Diliman, Q.C.
/ 921-7180

· Kababaihan Laban sa Karahasan (KALAKASAN)
Socorro S. Pacificador, President
Anna Leah Sarabia, Vice president
Evangeline Castronuevo, Information Officer
P.O. Box 1551 CPO Quezon City 1155
920-811

· Katipunan ng Kababaihan para sa Kalayaan (KALAYAAN)
Malou S Marin and Riza Faith C. Iba
Chairpersons
#41 Maginhawa St, UP Wage, Diliman, Q.C.
(or P.O. Box 1391-1153 NIA Road, Central Post Office, Q.C.)
921-0179/435-2019

· Katipunan ng mga Bagong Pilipina (KABAPA)
Trinidad N. Domingo, President
# 26 S. Pascual St., Malabon, MM
/ 281-2195

Labor Education and Research Network (LEARN)
Orlando Quesada, Executive Director
#72D Scout Rallos, Kamuning, Q.C.
924-2295/927-6713
927-6709

Linangan ng Kababaihan Inc. (LIKHAAN)
Dr. Sylvia Estrada-Claudio, Chairman of the Board
Dr. Junice Demeterio-Melgar, Executive Director
Harry Pineda, Information Officer
111B Scout Lozano St, Kamuning Q.C.
/ 984803

· PILIPLNA
Remedios Rikken, National Coordinator
142A Scout Rallos, Kamuning, Q.C.
928-4275
961431

· WomanHealth Phils.
Princess Nemenzo, National Coordinotor
# 16 Cabanatuan Road,Philam Homes Q.C.
/ 928-3276

· Women’s Crisis Center (WCC)
Raquel Tiglao, Executive Director
# 63B Madasalin St., Teachers’ Village, Diliman, Q.C.
921-6783
922-5235

· Women’s Health Care Foundation (WHCF)
Dr. Florence Tadiar, Executive Director
# 1589 Quezon Avenue, Q.C.
929-9492
/ 924-0717

· Women’s Media Circle Foundation, Inc.
Cecile de Joya- Valencia, Resident
Anna Leah Sarabia, Executive Director
– Silahis Malay Ocampo, Information Coordinator
# 91 Maningning St., Teachers’ Village, Diliman, Q. C.
921-2222
921-0955

· Women, Development and Technology Institute (WDTI)
Ched Maglinte, Executive Director
# 4E Road 9 corner Road 1, Proj. 6, Q.C.
/ 920-3315

II. General Health, Maternal and Child Care, Nutrition, Work Safety

Abiertas House of Friendship (AHF)
Mrs. Lirio B. Victorino, Officer-in-charge
21 Santolan Road, Q.C.
703969

AGOS, Inc. (Indigenous People Forest and Survival)
Melencio Magbutong, Chairman of the Board
0912 J. Abad Santos St.
8100 Tagum, Davao del Norte
731-33

Asian Women’s Human Rights Council (AWARC)
Nelia Sancho, Regional Coordinator
P.O. Box 190
1099 Manila
924-4824

Balikatan at Ugnayan Naglalayong Sumagip sa Sanggol (BUNSO)
Rosalinda Duque, Executive Director
116 Kamias Road Q.C.
991217

Balikatan sa Kaunlaran Foundation, Inc.
Guia G. Gomez, President
123 A. Lake St., San Juan, MM
704238/706500/788697

Batis Center for Women
Olivia Yu-Cervantes, Acting Executive Director
Rm 711 Don Santiago Building
1344 Taft Avenue, Ermita, Manila
521-1279

Board Of Women’s Work (BWW)
Mrs. Soledad V. K Granaden, President
United Methodist Church Headquarters
P.O. Box 756, Manila
521-1114 loc. 6

Caritas 2000
Msgr. Francisco G. Tantoco Jr., Executive Director
Jesus Street, Pandacan, Manila
5220046/5223046
5216116

Catholic Nurses Guild of the Philippines
Sta. Rita Parish Office
Philam Homes, Q.C.

Civic Action Women’s Association, Inc. (CAWAS)
Rosenda Goruyeb, President
101 F. Roman St., Brgy. Balong Bato
San Juan, Metro Manila

Community Action for Rural Development Foundation (CARD-Davao)
Myrna Bajo, Executive Director
442 Gomez St., Maniki
8113 Kapalong, Davao

Cordillera Studies Center (CSC)
Narcisa Paredes Canilao, Convenor
University of the Philippines
Baguio City
442-5794

Eastern Samar Development Foundation, Inc. (ESADEF, Inc.)
Evelyn Amit-Conrado, Executive Director
Baybay, Borongan
Eastern Samar

Educational Research and Development Assistance Foundation, Inc. (ERDA)
Fr. Pierre Tritz, SJ., President
PO. Box 3600
1099 CPO Manila
732-3198/732-4327/712-4610

Episcopal Commission on Health Care
CBCP Building
470 Arzobispo Street, Intramuros, Manila
477759
407704

Friends of Filipino Migrant Workers Inc. (Kaibigan)
Prof. Arnel F. de Guzman, Executive Director
Room B, Ben-Lor Building
1184 Quezon Avenue, Q.C.
992641 loc. 2236
731-5828

GABRIELA
(General Assembly Siding Women for Reform, Integrity, Equality, Leadership and Action)
Liza Masa, Secretary General
35 Scout Delgado, Q.C.
998034

· Commission on Women’s Health and Reproductive Rights (GCWHRR)
Dr. Sylvia Estrada-Claudia, Coordinator
111B Scout Lozano St.,Kamuning, Q.C.
984803

Harnessing Self-Reliant Initiatives and Knowledge Inc. (HASIK)
Karina Constantino-David, Executive Director
Rebecca Demetillo-Abraham, Deputy Executive Director
# 9 Don Rafael St., Don Enrique Heights
Commonwealth Avenue, Q.C.
92l-6027

Health Action Information Network (HAIN)
Dr. Michael L Tan, Executive Director
# 9 Cabanatuan Road, Philam Homes, Q.C.
978805/976860

Heart of Mary Villa
Sr. Mary Aida Violago, RGS, Executive Director
394 M.H. del Pilar St.
Maysilo, Malabon 1477
233888, 223726

H.O.P.E. Volunteers Foundation, Inc. (H.O.P.E.)
Edith Villanueva, Chief Executive Officer
Rm. 223 2/F JTL Building
B.S. Aquino Drive
6100 Bacolod City
231-93

Ina-Anak, Inc. (IA)
Edita Verge1 de Dios, President
2330 B Roberts, Pasay City
831-0117
831-5006

Institute for Social Studies in Action (ISSA)
Rowena Alvarez, Executive Director
#3 Mahabagin St. corner Malumanay St.
Teachers’ Village, Diliman, Q.C.
/ 921-7180

Integrated Midwives Association of the Philippines, Inc. (IMAP)
Alice Sanz de la Gente, President
IMAP Building
Corner Pinaglabanan and Ejercito Sts.
San Juan, MM
705335

Isis International
Girlie Marianita Villariba, Director
66 Scout Delgado, Brgy. Laging Handa, Q.C
924-1065

Kabalikat ng Pamilyang Pilipino Foundation, Inc. (Kabalikat)
Teresita Bagasao, Executive Director
3/F B&M Building
# 116 Aguirre St., Legaspi Village
1200 Makati City
813 0478/813 6476
812-8425

Kaisahang Bubay Foundation
Carlos C. Torres, Chairperson
Gloria A Gonzales, President and Executive Director
No. 58 10th Avenue, Cubao, Q.C.
912-1159/911-4180
912-1160

Kalusugan Alang sa Bayan, Inc. (KAABAY)
Dr. Jean Suzanne Lindo- Valdez, Executive Director
4B Duplex Apartment, Dau St., Juna
Subdivision
Matina, Davao City

Kanlungan
Malou Alcid Executive Director
# 77 K-10th St., Kamias, Q.C.
/ 921-7849

Kidapawan Foundation, Inc.- Women’s Empowerment Program
Rodelo H. Lebiano, Executive Officer
De Mayenod Center, Quezon Blvd.
Kidapawan, Cotabato 9400
817-12

Kilusan ng Manggagawang Kababaihan (KMK)
Perlita Lopez, National Chairperson
35 Scout Delgado St., Q.C.
998034

Labangan Ladies Orchids and Ornamental Growers Association (LLORGAS)
Remedies B. Taborra, Resident
Tanagan Norte
Labangan, Zamboanga del Sur

Muslim Christian Agency for Rural Development (MCARD)
Venerando D. Romiso, Overall Coordinator
# 12 11-15th St., Nazareth
9000 Cagayan de Oro City

National Union of Workers in Hotel
Restaurant and Allied Industries- National
Committee of Women Workers
(NUWRRAIN-NCWW)
Loida Ty Aniversario, Chairperson
Ground Floor, Bilmondo Building
Taft Avenue, Malate
509352/597488

Notre Dame Business Resource Center Foundation, Inc. (IVDBRCFI)
Bro. Robert B. McGovern, President
Notre dame of Dadiangas College
Marist Avenue
9500 General Santos City
552-3252
552-5400

Note Dame of Midsayap College- Community
Extension Services (NDMC-CES)
Fr. Alfonso E CariOMI, Resident
Notre Dame of Midsayap College
Midsayap, Cotabato
455

Nutritionists and Dietitians Association of the Philippines
Unit 208 Prince Tower Condominium
Tordecillas St., Salcedo Village
Makati City

Philippine Agency for Community and Family, Inc. (PACAF)
Grace Favila, President
1146 M. Naval St.
1403 Navotas, MM
23l-022

Philippine Center for Population and Development (PCPD)
Dr. Conrado Lorenzo Jr., Resident
P.O. Box 3060, Makati CPO
843-7061

Philippine Hospital Association
Dr. Thelma Navarrete-Clemente, Resident
14 Kamias Road, Q.C.
922-7675/922-7674
921-2219

Philippine Medical Association
Mary Go Say, Executive Director
PMA Building, North Avenue, Quezon City
992132/974974/973514

Philippine Medical Women’s Association
Mercedes M. Oliver, M.D., President
PMWA Building V. Luna Road cor. Malakas St, Q.C.
921-3947

Philippine Mental Health Association
Regina G. De Jesus, National Executive Director
18 East Avenue, Quezon City
921-4958
921-2093

Philippine NGO Council on Population, Health & Welfare, Inc.
Eden Divinagracia, Executive Director
36-A Main Avenue, Cubao, Q.C.
911-5459/911-5183

Philippine Nurses Association, Inc. (PNA)
Dr. Leda Layo-Danao, Resident
1663 F.T. Benitez St., Malate, Manila
583092/501545

Philippine Pediatrics Society
Dr. Xerxes Navarro, Resident
Dr. Rival V. Faylona Director, Council on
Communications and Public Relations
# 32 Misamis, Bago Bantay, Quezen City
962381

Philippine Women’s Christian Temperance Union (PWCTU)
Villa Granada de Guia, Resident
41 Elena Apartments, 512 R. Salas St.
Ermita, Manila
590660/588290

Provincial Federation of Women in Ilocos Sur
Jocelyn Aquino, Resident
Beddeng Land
Vogan, Ilocos Sur

Rizal Metro Manila Federation of Women’s Clubs, Inc. (RMMFWC)
Rebecca A. Ynares, Resident
RMMFWC and RMMLP and FFC Building
Capitol Compound, Pasig City
63l-9365

Rural Improvement Club of the Phils.
Aurea Rivera, National Coordinator
ATI Building Elliptical Read, Diliman Quezon City
978541 loc. 251

Social Development Research Center (SDRC)
Dr. Trinidad S. Osteria, Director
SDRC De La Salle University
2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
595177/504611 loc. 540 and 542/521-9094

Stop Trafficking of Pilipinos Foundation, Inc. (STOP)
Lourdes G. Villanueva, Executive Director
Caritas Manila Compound
2002 Jesus Street, Pandacan, Manila
572830/591702

Teresa Makabayan Foundation
Belen Dualan, President
29 Banaba Forbes Park, Makati City
810-6553

The Women’s Board of St. Luke’s Medical Center
297 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., Q.C.

Tulungan sa Tubigan Foundation, Inc.
Luis F. Lorenzo, Chairperson
Regina Sy Coseteng, President
2nd Floor, Doaria Building
1238 EDSA, Quezon City
352222/353389
9221757

Women’s Action Network for Development (WAND)
Karen Ta, Chairperson
142A Scout Rallos St.
Kamuning, Q.C.
961431

Women’s Auxiliary to the Manila Medical Society
MMSB Medical Society Building
800 Taft Avenue, Manila

Women’s Auxiliary to the Philippine General Hospital
PGH Compound, Taft Avenue, Manila

Women’s Health Care Foundation (WHCF)
Dr. Florence Tadiar, Executive Director
# 1589 Quezon Avenue, Q.C.
929-9492
/ 924-0717

Women and Children Internal Refugees Assistance Center (WCIRAC)
Linlingay Salutin, Officer-in-charge
P.O. Box 10203 Broadway Centrum
Quezon City
No. 3 Alicia Street, San Juan, Metro Manila
701791
798236

Women Dentists’ Association of the Philippines
8909 Sampaloc St., San Antonio Village,
Makati

Young Women’s Christian Association of Manila (YWCA)
Dr. Eufemia S. Zamora, President
1144 General Luna St., Ermita, Manila
597639/587849

III. Population, Birth Control and Sexuality

Democratic Socialist Women of the Philippines (DSWP)
Elizabeth Cunanan-Angsioco, national Chairperson
7 Big Horseshoe Drive
771732
/ 721-5677

GABRIELA
(General Assembly Binding Women for Reform,
Integrity, Equality, Leadership and Action)
Liza Mass, Secretary General
35 Scout Delgado, Q.C.
998034

· Commission on Women’s Health and Reproductive Rights (GCWHRR)
Dr. Sylvia Estrada-Claudio, Coordinator
111B Scout Lozano St.,Kamuning, Q.C.
984803

H.O.P.E Volunteers Foundation, Inc. (H.O.P.E.)
Edith Villanueva, Chief Executive Officer
Rm. 223 2/F JTL Building
B.S. Aquino Drive
6100 Bacolod City
231-93

Institute for Social Studies in Action (ISSA)
Rowena Alvarez, Executive Director
#3 Mahabagin St. comer Malumanay St.
Teachers’ Village, Diliman, Q.C.
/ 921-7180

Integrated Midwives Association of the Philippines, Inc. (IMAP)
Alice Sanz de la Gente, President
IMAP Building
Comer Pinaglabanan and Ejercito Sts.
San Juan, MM
705335

Kalugpungan sa mga Kababayenbang
Nabayaran sa DOLE (KABAYAN-DOLE)
Rose R Sacal, Coordinator
Polotana Subdivision
Cannery Site
Polomok, South Cotabato

Katipunan ng Kababaihan para sa Kalayaan (KALAYAAN)
Malou S Marin and Riza Faith C. Iba
Chairpersons
# 41 Maginhawa St, UP Village, Diliman, Q.C.
(or P.O. Box 1391-1153 NIA Road, Central Pod Office, Q.C.)
921-0179/435-2019

Nagkahiusang Namumuung Kababaihao sa
Fiesta Brands, Inc. - National Federation of Labor (NNKFB-NFL)
Lewelyn Miral Marte, Union Chair
c/o Fiesta Brands, Inc.
Medina, Misamis Oriental

Philippine Center for Population and Development (PCPD)
Dr. Conrado Lorenzo Jr., Resident
P.O. Box 3060, Makati CPO
843-7061

Philippine Medical Women’s Association
Mercedes M. Oliver, M.D., President
PMWA Building, V. Luna Road corner
Malakas St., Q.C.
92l-3947

Philippine Partnership for the Development
of Human Resources in Rural Areas
(PHILDHRRA)
Marlene Ramirez, National Coordinator
59 C. Salvador Street, Loyola Heights
1108 Q.C.
987538

Provincial Federation of Women in llocos Sur
Jocelyn P. Aquino, Resident
Beddeng Land
Vigan, Ilocos Sur

The Foundation of Our Lady of Fatima Center
for Human Development, Inc. (FACE)
Sr. Felicita de Lina, SSA, Executive Director
San Agustin, Iriga City 4431

Women’s Crisis Center (WCC)
Raquel Tigao Executive Director
# 63B Madasalin St., Teachers’ Village,
Diliman, Q.C.
921-6783/ 922-5235

Women’s Health Care Foundation (WHCF)
Dr. Florence Tadiar, Executive Director
# 1589 Quezon Avenue, Q.C
929-9492
/ 924-0717

IV.Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Alliance Against AIDS in Mindanao, Inc. (ALAGAD-Mindanao, Inc.)
Elizabeth O’Brien, Executive Director
Rm. 226, Doegunda Building
C.M. Recto St., Davao City

Community and Family Services International (CFSI)
Steven Muncer, Executive Director
MCC PO. Box 2733
Makati City
522-1936 to 37

GABRIELA
(General Assembly Binding Women for Reform,
Integrity, Equity, Leadership and Action)
Liza Masa, Secretary General
35 Scout Delgado, Q.C.
998034

· Commission on Women’s Health and
Reproductive Rights (GCWHRR)
Dr. Sylvia Estrada-Claudio, Coordinator
111B Scout Lozano St.,Kamuning Q.C.
984803

Institute for Social Studies in Action (ISSA)
Rowena Alvarez, Executive Director
# 3 Mahabagin St. corner Malumanay St.
Teachers’ Village, Diliman, Q.C.
/ 921-7180

Kabalikat ng Pamilyang Pilipino
Foundation, Inc. (Kabalikat)
Teresita Bagasao, Executive Director
3/F B&M Building
# 116 Aguirre St., Legaspi Village
1200 Makati City
813 0478/813 6476
812-8425

Kahsugan Alaug sa Bayan, Inc. (KAABAYI
Dr. Jean Suzanne Lindo- Valdez, Executive Director
4B Duplex Apartment, Dau St., Juna Subd.,
Matins, Davao City

National Council of Women of the Philippines (NCWP)
Nona Ricafort, President
NCWP, c/o Philippine Women’s University
Taft Avenue, Manila
588201

Remedios AIDS Foundation, Inc.
Michael Tan, Chairperson
Ma-an Baquierda, Executive Secretary
1066 Remedios Street, Malate, Manila
522-2431/500924/504831
522-3431

Stop Trafficking of Pilipinos Foundation, Inc. (S.T.O.P.)
Lourdes G. Villanueva, Executive Director
Caritas Manila Compound
2002 Jesus Street, Pandacan, Manila
572830/591702

Women’s Education, Development and
Productivity and Research Organization, Inc.
(WEDPRO)
Aida F. Santos, Executive Director
154A Scout Limbaga Extension cor. 11th
Jamboree
Brgy. Sacred Heart, Q.C.
969287
/ 922-5005

Women’s Health Care Foundation (WHCF)
Dr. Florence Tadiar, Executive Director
# 1589 Quezon Avenue, Q.C.
929-9492
/ 924-0717

Government Agencies

For more details on some of the following offices, please refer to the PCIJ guidebook, The Child With a Fish for a Twin.

I. Presidential Commissions

National Commission on the Role of the Filipino Women
Imelda Nicolas, Chairperson
Teresita Castillo, Executive Director
1145 J.P. Laurel St., San Miguel, Manila
74l-5093/74l-5028
712-5267

Commission on Population
Dr. Cecile Jouquin-Yasay, Director
Welfareville Compound, Acacia Lane
Mandaluyong City
53l-6956/531-6805/53l-654
53l-6907

Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor (PCUP)
Melchizedek Maquizo, Chairperson
Administrative Building Malaca Manila
733- 3708/742-7076

II. Legislature

House of Representatives
Jose de Venecia, Speaker
Batasan Pambansa Complex
Constitution Hills, Quezon City
93l-5001 trunkline

· Committee on Health
· Committee on Local Government
· Committee on Rural Development
· Committee on Women
· Committee on Civil, Political and Human Rights
· Committee on Population and Family Relations

Philippine Legislators’ Committee on
Population and Development Foundation,
Inc. (PLCPD)
Prospero de Vera, Executive Director
611 North Wing, Batasan Complex, Quezon City
931-5139/931-5001 loc. 7430
931-5354

Senate of the Philippines
Neptali Gonzales, Senate President
Old Legislative Building, P. Burgos and Taft Ave.
Ermita, Manila
527-8346/527-0238 media relations

· Committee on Health
· Committee on Rural Development
· Committee on Social Welfare, Justice and Development
· Committee on Women and Family Relations
· Committee on Urban Planning, Housing and Resettlement

III. Executive Departments/Line Agencies

Department of lnterior and Local Government
Robert Barbers, Department Secretary
PNCC Building, EDSA, Mandaluyong City
631-8777/631-8772
631-8814

DILG Bureau of Local Government and Development
Teresita M Mistal, Director
631-5020/631-5059

Department of Social Work and Development (DSWD)
Lina B. Laigo, Department Secretary
Batasan Pambansa Complex, Constitution Hills, Q.C.
931-8101 to 07
931- 8149/931-8191

DSWD Bureau of Family and Community Welfare
Rosario B. dela Rosa, Director
931-9133
931-8191/931-8172

National Economic Development Authority
Cielito Habito, Director General
NEDA sa Pasig, Amber Avenue, Pasig City

NEDA Social Development Staff
Erlinda Capones, Director
631-2189

National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)
Romulo Virola, Secretary General
#28 5th Floor Midland Buendia Building
403 Sen Gil Puyat Avenue, Makati City
851-778/851-796
816-6941

A. Health and Nutrition

Department of Health
Carmencita Reodica, Acting Department Secretary
San Lorenzo Hospital Compound
1755 Rival Avenue, Sta. Cruz, Manila
711-6245/711-6105
711-6245

DOH Hospital and Facilities Service
711-9572/711-9509

DOH Maternal and Child Health Service
Dr. Elvira S. N. Dayrit, Officer-in-charge
2nd floor Building No. 13
San Lazaro Compound, Tayuman,
Sta. Cruz, Manila
732-99661732-9961

National maternal and child health care programs:

The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
Control of Diarrhea1 Diseases (CDD)
Control of Acute Respiratory Infections (CARI)
Mated Health Care Program (MCP)
Under Five Care (UPC) or Growth Monitoring Program (GMP)
Breastfeeding-Weaning Program (BF/W)

DOH Nutrition Service
Adelisa Ramos, Officer-in-charge
San Lorenzo Compound, Sta. Cruz, Manila
711-6125

DOH Public Health Services (OPHS)
Dr. Carmencita N. Reodica, Acting Health Secretary
711-4795

DOH Bureau of Disease Control
Tuberculosis Division
Dr. Mariquita Mantala Chief
San Lazaro Compound
711-6361

Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)
Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) Research Institute
Dr. Rodolfo Florentino, Director
Maria Patrocinio E. De Guzman, Deputy Director
Taft Avenue, Manila
595-l13/594-998
DOST Complex, General Santos Avenue
Bicutan, Taguig, MM
823-8071 loc. 2296
823-8934

National Food Authority (NFA)
Romeo G. David Administrator
Matimyas Building, #101 E. Rodriguez Sr.
Boulevard, Q.C.
712-1719/712-3341
712-1110

National Nutrition Council (NNC)
Elsa M. Bayani, Director
Asuncion L Macalaglag, Deputy Director
Maria Bernardita T. Flores, Deputy Director
Nichols Interchange, South Superhighway,
Makati City
818-7398/816-4 184/818-7398/877-696
816-4288

NNC Nutrition Policy and Planning Division
DaniloVilla B. Agcopra, Chief
877-696/1877-971

Philippine Council for Health and Research
Development (PCHRD)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Sectoral Council
Dr. Pacita L Zara, Executive Director
DOST Compound, General Santos Avenue
Taguig, MM
823-8071 to 82 loc. 2110 to 2114

Occupational Safety and Health Center
Helen D. Custodio, Executive Director
North Avenue cor. Agham Road, Q.C.
996755/996036
996730

B. On Education

DECS Health and Nutrition Center
Dr. Adelfo A. Trinidad, Director
University of Life Complex, Pasig City
633-7245

DOLE Information and Public Services
499890/481437/495708/495810

C. On Water and Sanitation

DOH Environmental Health Service (EHS)
Dr. Mario C. Villaverde, Director
San Lazaro Compound, 1739 Rizal Avenue
Sta. Cruz, Manila
711-6175

DPWH Project Management Office for Rural Water Supply
Rogelio Flores, Project Director
2nd Street, Port Area, Manila
407935

Inter-agency Committee on
Environmental Health (IACEH)
c/o DOH Office of the Secretary
Dr. Carmencita Reodica
711-6080

D. On Rights

DFA Office of Social, Cultural and
Humanitarian Affairs
Minda Cruz, Director
DFA Building 2330 Roxas Boulevard, Manila
834-4567/834-3424/834-4862
831-5983

Department of Justice
Teofisto Guingona, Department Secretary
Padre Faura, Ermita, MM
581-011

DOJ National Prosecution Services
Atty. Zenon de Guia, Chief State Prosecutor
Atty. Aurora S. Lagman, Senior State Prosecutor
Atty. Emmanuel Medina, State Prosecutor
Fiscal Eric Joseph, Mallonga, State Prosecutor
505084/592451

National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
Santiago Toledo, Director
Taft Ave., Manila
505084/592451
599447

NBI Medico-Legal Division
Dr. Cabanayan Prospero, Director
587047

NBI Psychiatric Service
Dr. Erlinda Marfit, Chief
584482

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
Jose Brillantes, Acting Secretary
DOLE Bldg., San Jose St., Intramuros, Manila
484-852/470-264/470-986
530-1014/530-0395/530-0144

DOLE Bureau of Workers’ Protection and Welfare
Crescencio B. Trajano, Undersecretary
7/F DOLE Building, Intramuros, Manila
488742/401195/487046
497659

International Groups

Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Commitee on Social Development
Lamberto Monsanto, Director Division 4
8th Floor, Office of ASEAN Affairs
Department of Foreign Affairs Building
2330 Roxas Boulevard, Pasay City
8343267/8344000

Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)
Peer Hijmans, Country Representative
6th Floor NEDA Building
106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Wage, Makati City
8920611-25/8171507

Helen Keller International, Inc. (HKI)
Rolf Klemm, Country Director
2139 Fidel Reyes Street, Malate, Manila
592421 loc. 213, 215
(632)501526

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
Andreas Kuhn, Regional Delegate
5th Floor Erechem Building
Herrera cor Salcedo Sts., Legaspi Wage,
Makati City
892-8901 to 04
819-5997

International Council for the Control of
Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD)
J. B. Stanbury, Chairperson
V. Ramalingaswami, Vice chairperson
Box 511
University of Virginia Health Sciences Center
Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
USA

Medicins Sans Frontieres Belgiun/Holland
Mission Philippines
Dr. Stephane Vandam, Director
Unit 2, Block 7 Greenhaven Parkhomes
319 Santolan Road, Quezon City
722-6499/ 722-6464

UN Commission on the Status of Women
NEDA Building
106 Amorsolo St., Legaspi Wage, Makati City

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
Kevin McGrath, Resident Representative
7th Floor NEDA Building
106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati
City
8920611-25

United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA)
Satish Mehra, Country Representative
NEDA Building, Makati
892061l-25

United Nations Information Center
Baichand Patel, Director
Rooms 301 and 302
NEDA Building, Makati
8920611-25/8933882/8924483/
8924445/ 8163011

World Health Organization (WHO)
Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, Director General
WHO Philippines
Aberto G. Romualdez, Acting Representative
National Tuberculosis Center Building
Department of Health, San Lazaro Compound
Sta. Cruz, Manila
7116716/7313914
5211036

Publications

Abortion (1990)
Piglas Diwa
Newsletter
Published by the Center for Women’s Resources

Agenda in Beijing... Women’s Issues in the News
A Special Issue on Women and Population
Philippine Journalism Review,
September 1995
Published by the Center for Media Freedom and Responsibitlity

AIDS
Brochure
Published by LKHAAN

Asia-Pacific Women and Health Directory 1995
Published by Isis International-Manila

Babae
Komiks
Published by LIKHAAN

BALITA
Quarterly Newsletter
Published by the Women’s Health Care
Foundation Inc.

Coping With the Diaspora
by Marilen J. Dalan, MD
(Paper prepared for the launching of the State of the World Population Report 1993, held on July 6, 1993 at the Manila Pavilion.)

Decisions for Development: Women,
Empowerment and Reproductive Health

The State of World Population 1995
published by the united Nations Population Fund

Drug Monitor
Monthly Bulletin
Published by the Health Action Information
Network

First National Convention of NGOs for Health, 1988
Proceedings and Directory
Published by Women Health Phils.

Focusing on: HIV/AIDS
Santalud (The Health Newsletter
of PLAN International)
Winter, 1994

Harmful Traditional Practices Affecting
The Health of Women and Children
(A publication of the United Nations as part of the World Campaign for Human Rights)

Health Alert
Newsletter
Published by Health Action Information
Network (HAIN)

Health Beyond Borders
A fully illustrated compilation of reports on
the Asia-Pacific Women’s Health Network
Published by Isis International-Manila, 1994
Improve our Health, Improve the World
Women’s Health (WHO Position Paper)
September 1995
Published by the World Health Organization

In Search of Balanced Perspectives
and Global Solidarity for Women’s

Health and Reproductive Rights
International Women and Health Meeting, 1990
Proceedings
Published by WomanHealth Phils.

Isis and Other Guides to Health, Helpful
Hints on the Roads to Well-Being
Published by Isis International- Manila, 1995

Journal of the Philippine Medical Association
Published quarterly by the Philippine Medical Association

Kababaihan at ang Sistemang
Pangkalusugan (1987)
Piglas Diwa
Newsletter
Published by the Center for Women’s Resources

Kababaihan at Kalusugan (1990)
Piglas Diwa
Newsletter
Published by the Center for Women’s Resources

LINK
Magazine
Published by the Philippine NGO Council on Population Health and welfare
# 36A Main Avenue, Cubao, Q.C.
911-5183

Making Choices in Good Faith: The Challenge to the catholic Church’s
Teachings on Sexuality and Contraception
by Marilen J. Dalan, MD
Published by WomenHealth Phils., 1993

MARHIA
(Medium for the Advancement of
Reproductive Health Rights and Action)
Published quarterly by ISSA

Organizing Strategies in Women’s Health:
An Information and Action Handbook
Published by Isis International-Manila, 1994

Pagkababae
Handbook on Women’s Health
Published by LIKHAAN

Pamamahala ng Pertilidad
Brochure
Published by LIKHAAN

Population, Poverty and the Local Environment
by Partha S. Dasgupta
Scientific American, February 1995
Primer on Women’s Health
Published by Philippine Medical Women’s Association, 1993

Reprowatch
Abstracts of newspaper articles
Published twice a month by ISSA

Sa Akin Pa Rin Ang Bukas (Vol. 1)
Sino Ang May Sala? (Vol. 2)
Tigil Bugbog Action Pack
Published by Women’s Media Circle
Foundation, Inc.

Salaming Buhay
Quarterly
Published by LKHAAN

Sexual Harassment
Brochure
Published By LIKHAAN

Statement by Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima,
WHO Director-General for the
Fourth World Conference on Women
Published by the World Health Organization

Teenage Pregnancy in the South: Charting Our Destiny
Information Kit
Published by Isis International-Manila

Tigil Bugbog
Newsletter
Published by KALAKASAN

Too old for toys, too young for motherhood
Published by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

Women and AIDS
Published by the World Health Organization

Women and Population
NCRFW Primer Series
Published by the National Commission on the Role of the Filipino Women

Women, Human Rights and HIV/AIDS
Global Programme on AIDS
Published by the World Health Organization

Women of a Lesser Cost
Female Labour, Foreign Exchange & Philippine Development
by Sylvia Chant and Cathy Mcllwaine
Published by the Ateneo de Manila University, 1995

Women’s Perspectives on Population lssues
Infokit
Published by Isis International-Manila

WORLD HEALTH
The Magazine of the World Health Organization
September 1995
Special Issue on “Women and Health” for the
UN Fourth World Conference on Women

WSP Newsletter (Women Studies Project)
Updates on Women’s Health project
Published quarterly by ISSA

XYZ
People’s Television Channel 4
Weekly program by Women’s Media Circle for young women with focus on health and sexuality education (to start in May 1996)

XYZine
Monthly magazine supplement for Young Women in Mr. and Ms. magazine

XYZone
RJFM 100.3
Saturdays, 10 p.m. to 12 mn
Weekly Radio Program by
Women’s Media Circle with focus on health and media

CENTER FOR MEDIA FREEDOM RESPONSIBILITY

Produced under the CMFR's "Creating Gender, Population and Women's Reproductive Health Awareness Through the Media" project with support from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA).