ARIPO

African Regional Intellectual Property Office

BIO

Biotechnology Industry Association

Bt

Bacillus thuringiensis

CBD

Convention on Biological Diversity

CGIAR

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CIAT

Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CGIAR)

CSIR

Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)

DST

Department of Science and Technology (India)

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the U.N.

GFAR

Global Forum on Agricultural Research

GIO

Genetically improved organism

GPS

Geographic positioning system

GURT

Genetic use restriction technology

IARC

International agricultural research center

ICAR

Indian Council of Agricultural Research

ICMR

Indian Council of Medical Research

ICRISAT

International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (CGIAR)

ICSU

International Council for Science

IFAD

International Fund for Agricultural Development

IFPRI

International Food Policy Research Institute (CGIAR)

ILRI

International Livestock Research Institute (CGIAR)

IPR

Intellectual property rights

IRRI

International Rice Research Institute (CGIAR)

KARI

Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute

MTA

Material transfer agreement

NARO

National agricultural research organization

NARS

National agricultural research system

NAS

U.S. National Academy of Science

OAPI

Organisation Africaine de la Propriete Intellectuelle (Yaounde)

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

R&D

Research and development

RFLP

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

SADCC

Southern African Development Coordination Conference

TAC

Technical Advisory Committee (of the CGIAR)

TCDC

Technical Cooperation Among Developing Countries

TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

TWAS

Third World Academy of Sciences

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNIDO

United Nations Industrial

UPLB

Development Organization University of the Philippines at Los Banos

UPOV

Union Internationale pour la Protection des Obtentions Vegetales (Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Crops)

USAID

U.S. Agency for International Development

USC

Union of Concerned Scientists

WARDA

West Africa Rice Development Association

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization