 | Reversing the Spiral - The Population, Agriculture, and Environment Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa (WB, 1994, 320 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Foreword |
| | Acknowledgments |
| | Acronyms and abbreviations |
|  | 1. Introduction |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The three basic concerns |
| | Key elements of the ''Nexus'' |
| | Population growth revisited: Feedback from the Nexus |
| | Elements of an action plan |
| | Conclusions |
| | 2. Agricultural stagnation and environmental |
| | Agricultural stagnation, population growth, and food security |
| | The deteriorating natural resource base and ecological environment |
| | Notes |
| | 3. The demographic dimension |
| | The lagging demographic transition |
| | Fertility and agriculture: Part of the Nexus? |
| | Notes |
| | Appendix to chapter 3 |
| | 4. The Nexus of population growth, agricultural stagnation, and environmental degradation |
| | The main linkages |
| | Traditional crop cultivation and livestock husbandry methods |
| | Land and tree tenure systems and the Nexus |
| | Deforestation, fuelwood, and the Nexus |
| | Logging |
| | Notes |
| | Appendix to chapter 4 |
| | 5. The role of women in production systems |
| | (introduction...) |
| | The female - headed household syndrome |
| | The gender division of rural labor and fanning systems |
| | The separation of budgets |
| | Women, food security, and nutrition |
| | Farm technology and gender |
| | Women's time use and productivity |
| | Notes |
| | 6. A framework for action |
| | A continental perspective |
| | Some country-specific targets and implications |
| | 7. Reducing population growth |
| | Population policy |
| | Primary education |
| | Conclusion |
| | Note |
| | 8. Promoting sustainable agricultural development |
| | Sustainable and environmentally benign agriculture |
| | Inputs |
| | Agroforestry |
| | Stoves that save fuel and women's time |
| | Policy and institutional aspects |
| | Land policy and tenure reform |
| | Agricultural support services |
| | Exchange rate, trade, fiscal, and pricing policies |
| | Local institutions: involving the people |
| | Conclusion |
| | 9. Infrastructure development, migration, and urbanization |
| | Infrastructura development |
| | Transport |
| | Water supply |
| | Infrastructure and environmental conservation |
| | Migration and settlement policy |
| | An appropriate urbanization policy |
| | 10. Managing the natural resource base |
| | Production versus protection |
| | Forests |
| | Natural resource management in farming areas |
| | Dryland and range areas |
| | Water |
| | Common elements |
| | The role of governments |
| | National environmental action plans |
| | 11.Conclusion |
| | The problem |
| | Recommendations for action |
| | Status of implementation |
| | Issues and follow-up |
| | Statistical appendix |
| | Bibliography |
| | The Authors |
Notes
1. In Sudan, for example, the parastatal Mechanized Farming Corporation has been awarding fifteen-year leases only to people who clear 85 percent of their assigned holdings in three years (Southgate 1990).
2. See Raintree (1987) for a number of detailed tree tenure studies in SubSaharan Africa.
3. There are exceptions—still found, for example, in southeastern Nigeria or western Sudan—where individuals and families may be given access to an amount of land but not to a specific plot. In such systems, where use rights for cultivation of seasonal crops rotate each year or after several years, individuals may not be keen on making long-terrn investments in land improvement (Migot-Adholla and others 1989).
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