 | Special Public Works Programmes - SPWP - Planting Trees - An Illustrated Technical Guide and Training Manual (ILO - UNDP, 1993, 190 p.) |
 |  | 8. Organizing the work |
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8.8 Records to keep
Information about performance and about the cost of the different operations is essential for future planning. This information will help to improve work organization and forestry activities. A number of records has to be kept.
These include:
- daily worker attendance sheets and payrolls;
- records on silvicultural operations completed and costs (number of workdays/ha and other costs);
- records on inventories of plant performance (for different species and provenance).
A form summarizing performance and costs is given on the opposite page as an example. On this sheet it can be seen that that the total cost forecast agreed rather well with the actual cost. It can also be seen that pegging was carried out on only two-thirds of the area planned and that micro-catchments were constructed on a bigger area than planned. This might be taken into account for planning the next plantation.
The first part of the plantation plan is filled out at the planning stage (page 21). All operations and vital information should be added to this form and the associated map. A form containing the information for a two year old plantation is shown on the next page.
A copy of the plantation record, or for larger plantations a specification for each task, should always be available to the supervisor at the site. This should contain information on the type of activity, the scale and timing, the number of workdays planned, worknorms and the tools needed.
SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE AND COSTS (suggested contents)
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TOTAL AREA: ____ |
YEARS: SITE: |
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SITE: ______________ |
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Operations |
Unit of Measurement |
Quantity |
Work days |
Cost (15/Rp/workday) |
Cost | ||||||
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Forecast |
Actual | | | | |||||
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ha |
no. |
ha |
no. |
Forecast |
Actual |
Forecast |
Actual |
Rp/ha |
unit |
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Brash clearing |
(ha) |
35 | |
35 | |
350 |
350 |
5250 |
5250 |
150 | |
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Pegging out |
(ha) |
30 | |
20 | |
120 |
93 |
1800 |
1395 |
70 | |
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Micro catchments |
(ha & no.) |
10 |
6250 |
15 |
9400 |
200 |
330 |
3000 |
4950 |
330 |
0.5 |
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Planting |
(ha & no.) |
35 |
21875 |
30 |
19000 |
875 |
800 |
13125 |
12000 |
400 |
0.6 |
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Weeding 1 |
(ha) |
35 | |
30 | |
700 |
712 |
10500 |
10680 |
356 | |
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Weeding 2 |
(ha) |
35 | |
26 | |
725 |
509 |
7875 |
7635 |
294 | |
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Weeding 3 |
(ha) |
35 | |
20 | |
160 |
124 |
2400 |
3600 |
180 | |
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Replanting |
(ha) |
10 | |
10 | |
160 |
172 |
2400 |
3600 |
360 | |
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Overheads | |
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6000 |
6000 |
170 | |
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Wet pay, Sick pay |
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100 |
123 |
1500 |
1845 |
53 | |
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Total |
3390 |
3213 |
53850 |
56955 |
COST/HA 1627 | ||||||
Plantation plan
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Village: Kovali |
District: Tiruchirappalli | |||
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Site name: Batcha plain |
Area: 35 ha | |||
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Owner: |
Kovali village community | |||
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Type of plantation: |
Soil conservation/fodder | |||
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Previous vegetation: |
Waste land with scattered bushes (Cassia and Prosopis) |
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Terrain: |
Flat | |||
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Main soil type: |
Sandy loam | |||
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Method of clearing: |
No clearing needed | |||
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Risks/needs for protection: |
Grazing, termites | |||
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Transport: |
Truck hired from Mr. Shultz | |||
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Tools required: |
20 planting hoes (ordered 12.1.93, received 4.3.93) | |||
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Workdays required: |
See attached workplan | |||
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Date of planting: |
20 May to 26 April 1993 | |||
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Nursery of origin: |
Keela Kolathur village nursery | |||
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Spacing: |
4 x 4 m | |||
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Water conservation measures: |
None | |||
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Fertilizer: |
Not applied | |||
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Species and number of plants: |
Local name |
Botanical name |
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Velvel |
Acacia leocophloea |
12,000 | |
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Vagai |
Albizia lebbek |
4,000 | |
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Usilam |
Albizia amara |
6,000 | |
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Seed lots No.: |
Acacia leocophloea |
A 12 | ||
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Albizia lebbek |
D 16 | ||
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Albizia amara |
E 24 and E23 | ||
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Weeding 1: |
5 - 15 June 1993 | |||
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Weeding 2: |
3 - 12 August 1993 | |||
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Weeding 3: |
10 - 14 Feb 1994 | |||
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Survival count: |
15 Feb 1994 | |||
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Overall survival: 85 % Velvel 80 % | |||
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Vagai 87 % | |||
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Usilam 92 % | |||
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Beating-up: |
28 May 1994 - Velvel - 400 plants | |||
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Average plant height: |
Acacia leocophloea |
2 year - 20 cm | ||
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Albizia lebbek |
2 year - 60 cm | ||
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Albizia amara |
2 year - 10 cm | ||
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Protection applied: |
One guard employed by the village (contract attached) |
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Common mistakes in organizing the work Arrival of funds delayed. Insufficient planning leading to delays in the work due to, for example, lack of transport or lack of manpower. Appropriate tools not available; use of poorly maintained agricultural tools results in low productivity. Workers not motivated (by fair wages, training and information on the objective of the plantation). Information from records, monitoring and work-studies not continuously used to improve work organization. |
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