![]() | Preliminary Investigation of the Abuse of Girls in Zimbabwean Junior Secondary Schools - Education research paper No. 39 (DFID, 2000, 100 p.) |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | RESEARCH TEAM |
![]() | ![]() | ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
![]() | ![]() | ACRONYMS |
![]() | ![]() | ABSTRACT |
![]() | ![]() | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
![]() | ![]() | The context |
![]() | ![]() | Findings |
![]() | ![]() | Causes and consequences |
![]() | ![]() | Action |
![]() | ![]() | 1. INTRODUCTION |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | 1.1 The research study |
![]() | ![]() | 1.2 Definition and scope of abuse in this study |
![]() | ![]() | 2. THE RESEARCH CONTEXT |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | 2.1 The background to each school |
![]() | ![]() | 2.2 The school setting |
![]() | ![]() | 2.3 Sexual activity within the school |
![]() | ![]() | 3. THE FINDINGS |
![]() | ![]() | 3.1 Interviews with girls |
![]() | ![]() | 3.2 Interviews with boys |
![]() | ![]() | 3.3 Interviews with teachers and head teachers |
![]() | ![]() | 3.4 Interviews with parents |
![]() | ![]() | 3.5 Interviews with government officials |
![]() | ![]() | 4. DISCUSSION |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | 4.1 What is the nature and pattern of the abuse of girls in each of these schools? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.2 To what extent are the perceptions of abuse held by teachers, pupils and other educational personnel at variance with our definition (as given in section 1.1)? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.3 Who are the abusers, what are their characteristics and their reasons for abusing girls? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.4 Who are the abused, their characteristics and the consequences of the abuse? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.5 What is the relationship between the victim and the abuser? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.6 In what ways does the school environment condone or encourage abuse? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.7 In what ways do the schools seek to prevent or address explicitly the incidence of abuse? |
![]() | ![]() | 4.8 What redress is currently practised by the educational and/or judicial system against acts of abuse? |
![]() | ![]() | 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS THE ABUSE OF GIRLS IN SCHOOLS |
![]() | ![]() | 5.1 Workshop findings |
![]() | ![]() | 5.2 Strategic actions |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | Girls can |
![]() | ![]() | Teachers can |
![]() | ![]() | School management (heads and deputies) can |
![]() | ![]() | School culture |
![]() | ![]() | Teaching and training |
![]() | ![]() | Enforcement of rules |
![]() | ![]() | Outside resources |
![]() | ![]() | Parental involvement |
![]() | ![]() | The Ministry of Education (central and regional) can |
![]() | ![]() | Teacher training colleges can |
![]() | ![]() | Ministry initiatives |
![]() | ![]() | 6. CONCLUDING COMMENTS |
![]() | ![]() | REFERENCES |
![]() | ![]() | APPENDICES |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 1: numbers interviewed |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 2: Tables |
![]() | ![]() | Table 1: January 1999 enrolments in the four schools |
![]() | ![]() | Table 2: Background information on girls |
![]() | ![]() | Table 3: If a schoolgirl gets pregnant......girls' and boys' opinions |
![]() | ![]() | Table 4: If a schoolgirl gets pregnant................. teachers' opinions |
![]() | ![]() | Table 5: If a schoolgirl gets pregnant............ parents' opinions |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 3: Interview data |
![]() | ![]() | GIRLS' INTERVIEWS |
![]() | ![]() | Abuse by male pupils |
![]() | ![]() | Abuse by teachers |
![]() | ![]() | a. Girls who had been propositioned |
![]() | ![]() | b. Girls who know others whom they suspect of having an affair with a teacher |
![]() | ![]() | c. Evidence that girls sometimes encouraged teachers |
![]() | ![]() | Abuse by older men and 'sugar daddies' |
![]() | ![]() | BOYS' INTERVIEWS |
![]() | ![]() | d. Examples of ways in which boys proposition girls |
![]() | ![]() | e. Suggestions that girls sometimes made sexual advances to boys |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 4 : Teachers' definition of abuse |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 5: Pupils' Workshops |
![]() | ![]() | Appendix 6: Teachers' Workshops |
![]() | ![]() | (introduction...) |
![]() | ![]() | School A: 8 teachers |
![]() | ![]() | School B: 8 teachers |
![]() | ![]() | School C: 10 teachers |
![]() | ![]() | School D: 12 teachers |
In the final stages of the research, recommendations for strategic actions to address school-based abuse of girls (and boys) were developed through workshops with pupils and teachers. It is clear that a reduction in abusive behaviour towards girls requires a radical change in school culture, and ultimately in society's view of women and girls. The broader issues of bullying, which affects boys as well as girls, and corporal punishment will also have to be addressed, as the sexual abuse of girls is part and parcel of a school culture which institutionalises a variety of forms of aggression and violent behaviour. This will require a holistic approach. The starting point is surely to break the silence at all levels, among girls, teachers, school heads, Ministry officials and parents.