 | Carpentry for Vocational Schools - A Teacher's handbook (GTZ, 252 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | PREFACE |
|  | 1. TIMBER |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 1.1. Growth of a tree |
| | 1.2. Timber conversion |
| | 1.3. The air-seasoning of timber |
| | 1.4. Shrinkage of timber |
| | 1.5. Defects in timber |
| | 1.6. Commercial size of timber |
| | 1.7. Common timber |
| | 1.8. Specification of material |
| | 2. SCALES |
| | 3. CONCRETE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 3.1. Composition of concrete |
| | 3.2. Proportions for mixing concrete |
| | 3.3. Reinforcing concrete |
| | 3.4. Finishing concrete |
| | 4. CONCRETE FORMWORK |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 4.1. Formwork for concrete slab |
| | 4.2. Formwork for concrete wall |
| | 4.3. Formwork for concrete stairs |
| | 4.4. Formwork for septic tank |
| | 5. FOOTINGS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 5.1. Correct depth and shape |
| | 5.2. Piers or stumps |
| | 5.3. Correct embedding of piers or stumps |
| | 5.4. Finish |
| | 5.5. Strip footing on concrete block wall |
| | 5.6. Control joints for concrete block wall |
| | 5.7. Applying mortar to a block |
| | 5.8. Strip footing on masonry (concrete) wall |
| | 5.9. Different types of strip footing |
| | 6. TOOLS USED ON BUILDINGS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 6.1. Marking out tools |
| | 6.2. Sharp edge cutting tools |
| | 6.3. Maintenance of chisel and plane iron |
| | 6.4. Tooth cutting tools |
| | 6.5. Maintenance of crosscut saw and rip saw |
| | 6.6. Boring tools |
| | 6.7. Driving tools |
| | 6.8. Guiding tools |
| | 6.9. Bricklaying tools |
| | 6.10. Concrete working tools |
| | 7. FASTENERS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 7.1. Nails |
| | 7.2. Screws |
| | 7.3. Bolts and nuts |
| | 7.4. Building accessories |
| | 8. FOUNDATION |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 8.1. Setting out side |
| | 8.2. Setting out profile |
| | 8.3. Fixing posts or stumps |
| | 8.4. Bearers |
| | 8.5. Joists |
| | 9. JOINTS |
| | 10. BRACING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 10.1. Structurally |
| | 10.2. Wallframe |
| | 10.3. Braces |
| | 11. WALLFRAME |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 11.1 Parts of a wallframe |
| | 11.2. Procedure of making a wallframe |
| | 11.3. Erecting a wallframes |
| | 12. CEILING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 12.1. Ceiling joists |
| | 12.2. Purpose of the ceiling joists |
| | 12.3. Joining ceiling joists |
| | 12.4. Ceiling joists used as part of a roof truss |
| | 12.5. Hanger |
| | 12.6. Manhole |
| | 12.7. Stairway |
| | 13. ROOFING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 13.1. Different roof shapes |
| | 13.2. Technical terms of a roof |
| | 13.3. Rafter and ridge roof |
| | 13.4. Roof truss |
| | 13.5. Diagonal roof bracing |
| | 13.6. Roofing iron |
| | 13.7. Laying of roofing iron |
| | 13.8. Finishing a roof |
| | 14. WINDOWS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 14.1. Parts of a window frame |
| | 14.2. Calculating of a window opening |
| | 14.3. Joining a window frame |
| | 14.4. Fixing a window frame |
| | 15. OUTSIDE CLADDING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 15.1. Timber weather boards |
| | 15.2. Fibre cement boards |
| | 15.3. ''V'' crimp iron |
| | 16. FLOORING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 16.1. Different types of flooring boards |
| | 16.2. Laying of flooring boards |
| | 16.3. Finishing of flooring |
| | 17. ELECTRICITY |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 17.1. Basic knowledge |
| | 17.2. Fuse box |
| | 17.3. Electricity accessories |
| | 17.4. How to connect switch, power point, light and power plug |
| | 17.5. Simple house wiring |
| | 17.6. Alternate switching |
| | 18. PLUMBING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 18.1. Water pipes |
| | 18.2. Plumbing tools |
| | 18.3. Plumbing fittings |
| | 18.4. Guidelines for plumbing |
| | 19. INSIDE CLADDING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 19.1. Plywood painted |
| | 19.2. Plywood varnished |
| | 20. DOORS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 20.1. Door frame |
| | 20.2. Calculating of opening |
| | 20.3. Fixing door jambs |
| | 20.4. Hanging a door |
| | 20.5. Types of doors |
| | 21. SKIRTING, ARCHITRAVES, CORNERSTRIPS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 21.1. Shapes |
| | 21.2. Cutting and joining |
| | 22. PAINTING |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 22.1. Types of paint |
| | 22.2. Finishes |
| | 22.3. Colours |
| | 22.4. Methods of applications |
| | 22.5. Tools and materials |
| | 22.6. Preparations |
| | 22.7. Painting |
| | 22.8. How to ensure a perfect finish |
| | 22.9. Cleaning up |
| | 23. STAIRS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 23.1. Technical terms of a stair |
| | 23.2. Parts of a stair |
| | 23.3. Calculating the number and size of steps |
| | 23.4. Calculating the width of the stringers |
| | 23.5. Marking out stringers |
| | 23.6. Marking out top and bottom end of stringers |
| | 23.7. Joining and assembling stairs |
| | 23.8. Fixing stairs |
| | 23.9. External stairs |
| | 23.10. Concrete stairs |
| | 24. HARDWARE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 24.1. Locks |
| | 24.2. Hinges |
| | 25. WATERTANKS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 25.1. Sizes of watertanks |
| | 25.2. Watertank foundations |
| | 25.3. Ferrocement tanks |
| | 25.4. Maintenance and treatment of watertanks |
| | BIBLIOGRAPHY |
(introduction...)
TOPIC: 12. CEILING
INTRODUCTION: This topic teaches students the purpose of ceiling joists, different types of ceiling joists, the way ceiling joists can be joined, hanging of ceiling joists and the correct distance between ceiling joists and how to fit a manhole in the ceiling.
OBJECTIVES:
12.1., 12.2. Students must be able to describe what ceiling joists are and their purpose;
12.3. Students must know the only place where ceiling joists can be joined.
12.4. Students must know that ceiling joists can also serve as floor joists for a second floor or as part of a roof construction.
12.5. Students must be able to describe how ceiling joists are hung correctly so that the ceiling construction is level and strong enough to carry the weight of the plywood.
12.6. Students should be able to define what a manhole is and its purpose.
12.7. Students should be able to describe a stairway and its purpose.
METHOD: First we have all the lessons in class where students take notes from the blackboard and copy down drawings or, if prepared, glue photocopies in their trade theory book.
Where possible demonstrate this topic on a building project. If not, again use the model house where students fix the prepared ceiling joists in the scale 1:10.
NOTE: At the end of this topic prepare a worksheet with questions about ceiling joists and hand it out for students to complete. Collect it later on for correction and assessment.
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