 | Special Public Works Programmes - SPWP - Planting Trees - An Illustrated Technical Guide and Training Manual (ILO - UNDP, 1993, 190 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Preface |
| | Introduction |
|  | 1. Planning a plantation |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 1.1 What regeneration method to use? |
| | 1.2 What species to establish? |
| | 1.3 Whether to plant a single tree species or a mixture of several? |
| | 1.4 What type of planting stock to use? |
| | 1.5 What planting pattern to use and how many seedlings to plant? |
| | 1.6 When to plant? |
| | 1.7 How to protect the seedlings? |
| | 1.8 The plantation plan |
| | 2. Preparing the planting site |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 2.1 Clearing vegetation |
| | 2.2 Ground preparation |
| | 2.3 Marking where to dig the holes |
| | 2.4 Digging holes |
| | 2.5 Soil and water conservation measures |
| | 3. Handling seedlings |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 3.1 Packing and transport of seedlings |
| | 3.2 Storing seedlings |
| | 3.3 Quality of seedlings and grading |
| | 3.4 Stripping and trimming |
| | 3.5 Transporting seedlings from the road to the planting site |
| | 4. Planting techniques |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 4.1 Digging the holes |
| | 4.2 On-site distribution of the seedlings |
| | 4.3 Planting |
| | 4.4 Use of fertilizers |
| | 5. Adapting planting techniques to different site conditions |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 5.1 Favourable sites |
| | 5.2 Sites with high grass |
| | 5.3 Waterlogged sites |
| | 5.4 Dry sites |
| | 5.5 Eroding slopes and rocky sites |
| | 5.6 Steep slopes |
| | 5.7 Sand dunes |
| | 5.8 High altitudes with snow |
| | 6. Maintaining plantations |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 6.1 Weed control |
| | 6.2 Protection from grazing |
| | 6.3 Fire prevention |
| | 6.4 Protection from insects, diseases and rodents |
| | 6.5 Fertilizers |
| | 6.6 Replacement planting |
| | 7. Planting trees outside woodlots and forests |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 7.1 Trees in crop and grazing land |
| | 7.2 Alley cropping |
| | 7.3 Intercropping in rotation |
| | 7.4 Intercropping for tree planting |
| | 7.5 Shelterbelts |
| | 7.6 Road-sides and river-sides |
| | 7.7 Homesteads and public places |
| | 8. Organizing the work |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 8.1 Planning |
| | 8.2 Workforce |
| | 8.3 Labour requirements over the year |
| | 8.4 Worknorms |
| | 8.5 Coordinating the work |
| | 8.6 Tools and equipment |
| | 8.7 Supervision and control |
| | 8.8 Records to keep |
| | 9. Working conditions |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 9.1 Hours of work and rest |
| | 9.2 Nutrition and amenities |
| | 9.3 Wage systems |
| | 9.4 Training, job content and labour-management relations |
| | 9.5 Safety |
| | Appendices - Technical sheets |
| | Appendix 1 - Surveying and mapping of large planting sites |
| | Appendix 2 - Laying out and preparing soil and water conservation structures |
| | Appendix 3 - Survival count |
| | Some useful guides/handbooks |
| | Titles in the series of training elements and technical guides for SPWP workers |
7.2 Alley cropping
When field crops are planted in alleys between hedgerows of trees and shrubs it is called alley cropping. The hedgerows provide fodder, green manure and mulch material. This is rather labour intensive since they have to be kept pruned throughout the cropping season to control shading and competition. Trees for alley cropping should fix nitrogen, coppice very easily after trimming and have leaves that are preferred by livestock or that decompose easily when applied as mulch. On dry sites competition for water may be so strong that alley cropping damages the crop. It should therefore not be practised on such sites.
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