Disaster Rescue - Australian Emergency Manual (Natural Disaster Organization, 183 p.)

(introduction...)

AMENDMENT LIST

FOREWORD

PREFACE

CHAPTER ONE - ORGANISATION, PLANNING AND EQUIPMENT

Disaster Rescue

The Aim

Functions

Note On First Aid Training

The Psychology of Rescue

(introduction...)

Rescue Workers

Personal Traits of the Rescuer

Personal Behaviour

Team Composition

The Rescue Plan

(introduction...)

The Appreciation Process

Continuing Action

Rescue By Stages

(introduction...)

Stage 1 - Clearance of Surface Casualties

Stage 2 - Rescue of Lightly Trapped

Stage 3 - Exploration of Likely Survival Points

Calling and Listening Techniques (Figure 1:1)

Stage 4 - Selected Debris Removal

Stage 5 - Total Debris Clearance

Equipment

Annex A to Chapter 1 - Equipment List

CHAPTER TWO - SAFETY IN TRAINING AND OPERATIONS

Safety in Training and Operations

Basic Precautions

Protective Clothing and Safety

Casualty Safety

Vehicle Safety

Equipment Safety

Public Utility Hazards

The Responsibility for Safety

Correct Lifting Techniques

(introduction...)

Correct Lifting - Single Rescuer (Figure 2:1)

Correct Lifting - Rescue Teams

Aide-Memoire to Correct Lifting

CHAPTER THREE - ROPES, CHAINS AND SLINGS

Ropes, Chains and Slings

Terminology

Natural Fibre Ropes

Material

Construction (Figure 3:3)

Safe Working Loads

Inspection of Laid Rope

Care and Maintenance

Coiling Natural Fibre Ropes

Synthetic Fibre Ropes

Materials

Construction

Safe Working Loads

Inspection

Care and Maintenance

Precautions In Operations

Climbing Tape

Steel Wire Rope (SWR) - Safe Working Loads (Figure 3:11)

Precautions in Operations

(introduction...)

Inspection of Wire Rope

Storage of Wire Rope

Records

Chains and Slings

Chain Slings

Inspection Of Chain Slings

Wire Rope Slings and Natural Fibre Rope Slings

Precautions in Operations

Sling Loading Angles (Figure 3:12)

Hook Mousing

Knots

(introduction...)

Thumb Knot (Figure 3:16)

Figure of Eight Knot (Figure 3:17)

Double Sheet Bend (Figure 3:18)

Buntline Hitch (Figure 3:19)

Fisherman's Bend (Figure 3:20)

Double Fisherman's Knot (Figure 3:21)

Half Hitch (Figure 3:22)

Clove Hitch (Figures 3:23 & 3:24)

Round Turn and Two Half Hitches (Figure 3:25)

Timber Hitch (Figures 3:26 & 3:27)

Figure of Eight Loop/Figure of Eight On the Bight (Figures 3:28 & 3:29)

Bowline (Figure 3:30)

Bowline on the Bight (Figure 3:31)

Chair Knot (Figures 3:32 & 3:33)

(introduction...)

Attaching Chair Knot to Block Hook (Figure 3:33)

Portuguese Bowline (Figure 3:34)

Knot Safety

Knot Strengths

Lashings

(introduction...)

Terminology

Square Lashing (Figure 3:35)

Diagonal Lashing (Figure 3:36)

Round Lashing (Figure 3:37)

Figure of Eight Lashing (Figure 3:38)

CHAPTER FOUR - LADDERS

Ladders

Terminology

Construction

Care And Maintenance

Angle of Ladders When Raised

Securing the Head of the Ladder

Securing the Foot of the Ladder

Ladder Climbing (Figure 4:3)

Erecting and Extending the Ladder (Three Rescuers) (Figure 4:4)

Erecting and Extending the Ladder (Two Rescuers) (Figure 4:5)

Halving Ladders

CHAPTER FIVE - CASUALTY HANDLING

Casualty Handling

Classification of Casualties

Stretchers

(introduction...)

Preparing the Folding or Pole Stretcher

(introduction...)

Blanketing The Stretcher

Two Blanket Method (Figure 5:3)

Single Blanket Method (Figure 5:4)

Improvised 'Blanketing'

Stretcher Lashing

Stretcher Lashing - Coma Position

(introduction...)

Blanketing - Coma Position

Lashing - Coma Position (Figure 5:8)

Preparing the Basket Stretcher

(introduction...)

Blanketing the Basket Stretcher

Securing a Basket Stretcher with Securing Straps

Securing a Basket Stretcher By Lashing (Figures 5:10, 5:11 & 5:12)

Improvised Stretchers

(introduction...)

Doors (Figure 5:13)

Blankets (Figure 5:14)

Bags (Figure 5:15)

Overcoats (Figure 5:16)

Ladders (Figure 5:17)

Other Methods (Figures 5:18 & 5:19)

Loading a Stretcher

(introduction...)

The Four Rescuer Method (Figure 5:20)

Blanket Lift (Four or Six Rescuers) (Figure 5:21)

Clothing Lift (Three Rescuers) (Figure 5:22)

Webbing Bands (Five Rescuers) (Figures 5:23 & 5:24)

Rescue Techniques Using No Equipment

(introduction...)

One Rescuer Handling Techniques

Single Rescuer Human Crutch

Pick-a-Back (Figure 5:26)

Arm Lift (Figure 5:27)

Firefighter's Crawl (Figure 5:28)

Removal Down Stairs Method (Figure 5:29)

Helping a Casualty Down a Ladder (Figure 5:30)

Two Rescuer Handling Techniques

Two Rescuer Human Crutch (Figure 5:31)

Two Handed Seat (Figure 5:32)

Three Handed Seat (Figure 5:33)

Four Handed Seat (Figure 5:34)

The Fore and Aft Method (Figure 5:35)

Moving a Stretcher Over Debris

(introduction...)

Using Six Rescuers (Figure 5:36)

Using Four Rescuers

Moving a Stretcher in a Confined Spaces

Passing a Stretcher Over a Gap

CHAPTER SIX - LIFTING EQUIPMENT

Levers

(introduction...)

Fulcrum Blocks

Hydraulic Rescue Equipment

(introduction...)

Contents of Basic Kit

Kit Options - 20 tonne lift and 5 tonne pull rams, ram extension tubes

Method of Operation

The Components

Special Features of the Equipment

Safety Points

Maintenance

(introduction...)

Air in the System

Blank Caps

Accessories

Mechanical Jacks

Air Bags (High Pressure)

(introduction...)

Safety Warning

Air Bag Advantages

Set Up and Operation

Precautions in Lifting Operations

CHAPTER SEVEN - BLOCKS AND TACKLE AND WINCHES

Blocks and Tackle

(introduction...)

Terminology

Types of Blocks

Reeving a Tackle (Figure 7:5)

Mechanical Advantage

(introduction...)

Lifting Tackle

Hauling Tackle

Types of Tackle

Length of Rope Required for Tackle

Anti-Twisters (Figure 7:7)

Precautions in Operations

Tirfor Style Winch

(introduction...)

Precautions In Operations

Safety Features

The Ratchet Winch (Figure 7:8)

Vehicle Mounted Power Winches

(introduction...)

Precautions In Operations

The Power Take Off Winch (Mechanical Spool)

The Power Take Off Winch (Mechanical Capstan)

The Electrically Powered Spool Winch

CHAPTER EIGHT - ANCHORS AND HOLDFASTS

Anchorage

(introduction...)

Precautions In Operations

Natural Anchors

Constructed Holdfasts

Picket Holdfasts

Picket Lashings (Figure 8:2)

Buried Holdfasts (Figure 8:3)

Log and Picket Holdfast (Figure 8:4)

Improvised Holdfasts

CHAPTER NINE - DERRICKS, SHEERS, AND GYNS

Derricks, Sheers, and Gyns

Standing Derrick (Figure 9:1)

(introduction...)

Layout and Preparation

Raising

Luffing

Sheer Legs (Figure 9:2)

(introduction...)

Layout and Preparation

Raising

Luffing

Gyns or Tripods (Figure 9:3)

(introduction...)

Layout and Preparation

Raising

CHAPTER TEN - RESCUE FROM HEIGHTS AND DEPTHS

Rescue from Heights and Depths

Improvised Single Point Lowers (Figures 10:1 and 10:2)

Stretchers in Rescue

Two-Point Vertical Suspension (Figure 10:3)

Four-Point Horizontal Suspension (Figure 10:4)

Ladder Hinge (Figure 10:5)

Ladder Slide (Figure 10:6)

Leaning Ladder (Figures 10:7 and 10:8)

Ladder Derrick (Figures 10:9 and 10:10)

Mechanical Descents

(introduction...)

The Karabiner (Figure 10:11)

The Figure '8' Descender (Figure 10:12)

(introduction...)

The Basic Hook-Up (Figure 10:13)

The Whaletail Descender (Figure 10:14)

(introduction...)

Rigging the Whaletail (Figure 10:15)

Precautions In Operations

Lowering Operations (Figures 10:16 and 10:17)

Guide And Safety Lines

The Jib (Figures 10:18 and 10:19)

Flying Fox (Figures 10:20, 10:21 & 10:22)

(introduction...)

Precautions In Operations

Construction

CHAPTER ELEVEN - DAMAGE TO BUILDINGS, DEBRIS CLEARANCE AND TUNNELLING

Damage to Buildings

Types of Buildings

(introduction...)

Unframed Buildings (Load Bearing Walls) (Figure 11:1)

Partially Framed Buildings (Figure 11:2)

Fully Framed Buildings (Figure 11:3)

Monolithic Buildings (Figure 11:4)

Types of Collapse (Figures 11:5, 11:6 & 11:7)

(introduction...)

The 'V' Type Collapse (Figure 11:5)

The 'Lean-To' Collapse (Figure 11:6)

The 'Horizontal' Collapse (Figure 11:7)

Precautions in Operations

(introduction...)

Gas (Domestic and LPG)

Water

Sewers

Electricity

Crush Injuries

Debris Clearance

(introduction...)

When Debris Clearance is Necessary

Methods of Debris Clearance

Precautions in Operations

Debris Tunnelling

(introduction...)

Tunnel Sizes and Precautions

Timbering and Lining Tunnels

Lifelines

(introduction...)

Lifeline Signals

Trenching

Breaching Walls

CHAPTER TWELVE - TEMPORARY SHORING AND ELEMENTARY DEMOLITION

Temporary Shoring

(introduction...)

Folding Wedges (Figure 12:2)

Types of Shore

(introduction...)

Raking Shore (Figures 12:3, 12:4, 12:5 and 12:6)

Flying Shore (Figure 12:6 & 12:7)

Dead Shore (Figure 12:9)

Strutting of Openings (Figure 12:9)

Elementary Demolition

CHAPTER THIRTEEN - LIGHTING AND POWER EQUIPMENT

Generators

Precautions in Operations

(introduction...)

Electrical Safety Precautions

Generator Operational Checks

Generator Maintenance

Storage

Lighting

(introduction...)

Positioning Lighting

CHAPTER FOURTEEN - CUTTING EQUIPMENT

Cutting Equipment

Hand Tools for Cutting

Bolt Cutters

Hack Saw

The Axe

Hand Saws

Cutting With Oxy-Acetylene

Chain Saws

Hydraulic Cutters (Figure 14:1)

(introduction...)

Precautions in Operations

Motor Driven Saws

Rotary Saws (Metal and Masonry Cutting) (Figure 14:2)

Circular Saws (Wood Cutting)

Reciprocating Saws (Jig Saws) (Figure 14:3)

CHAPTER FIFTEEN - FIRES AND ELEMENTARY FIRE FIGHTING

Responsibility for Fire Fighting

The Chemistry of Fire (Figure 15:1)

Definition

Chemistry

The Chemistry of Fire Extinction (Figure 15:2)

(introduction...)

Cooling

Smothering

Starvation

Classes of Fire

Fire Fighting Appliances (Refer Annex A)

Characteristics, Operation and Application

Water Type (Stored Pressure)

Foam Type (Stored Pressure)

Vapourising Liquid Type

Dry Chemical Type (Stored Pressure)

Carbon Dioxide (CO²) Type

Hose Reels

Hazards Associated with BCF

Action to be Taken by a Person Discovering a Fire

Working and Moving in Smoke

Annex A to Chapter 15 - Portable Fire Extinguisher Selection Chart

REFERENCES