TOTAL 118,800,000 (1989) (10)
DENSITY (sq.km.) 132.4 (1988) (11b)
GROWTH RATE 3.7 (11b)
% URBAN 32 (1998) (10)
%UNDER 5 19 (1998) (11b)

OFFICIAL WORK WEEK

Saturday - Thursday

BUSINESS HOURS

winter 0830 - 1500 (9)
summer 0800 - 1430
½ hr. break - prayers -

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS

17 Mar. - Ramadan*
23 Mar. - Pakistan Day
29 Mar.-1 Apr. Good Friday & Easter*
16 Apr. - Id-al-Fitr*
1 May - Labour Day
23 June - Id-al-Adha*
13 July - Muharram*
22 July - Ashoura*
14 Aug. - Independence Day (1991) (4)
6 Sept. - Defense of Pakistan Day
11 Sept. - Anniv. of Death of Quaid-i-Azam
21 Sept - Eid-i-Milud-un-Nabi*
9 Nov. - Allama Iqbal Day
25 Dec. - Christmas
26 Dec. - Boxing Day

* indicates moveable holiday

VISA

Required for certain nationalities - check with Pakistan Embassy. (9), (51), (53)
Not required for trips of 1 - 15 days or for tourist visits up to 30 days.

VACCINATION

Cholera if coming from infected country. (15)
Yellow fever if coming from infected country.

LANGUAGES

Principal Urdu - national, Punjabi, Pushta, Sindhi, Saraiki
Foreign English - extensive (4)

UNIT OF MEASUREMENT

metric, imperial, etc.

CURRENCY

Pakistani Rupee. US $ 1 = 21.42 (12/89) (4)

GNP/CAPITA US $350 (1988) (11b)

RELIGIONS (%)

Islam - state religion - 97 (4)

(Sunni, Shi'ite, Isma'ili)

Hindus and Christians

DEVELOPMENT AID (% of GNP)

4 (1988) (10)

ETHNIC GROUPS (%)

Punjabs, Sindhis, Baluchi (4), (53)
Rajputs, Iats - Indo - Aryan
Pathans

TIME (GMT) +5 (53)

AREA (sq.km.) 796,095 (4)

CLIMATE

Period

Temperature

Arid, Extreme temp. fluctations.

Nov.-Feb.

cold, dry 12-18°C

Mar.-May

hot, dry

June-Oct.

hot, humid, monsoon

(53)

BIRTH RATE* 47 (1988) (11b), (19)
DEATH RATE* 12 (1988) (11b)
INFANT MORTALITY* 166 (1989) (10)
LIFE EXPECTANCY 57 (1989) (10)
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (%) 25 (1980 - 88) (11b),

* Rate indicates incidence per 1000 population

STAPLE FOODS

wheat flour
rice
millet
sorghum

Cereals made into flat bread

Note - pork avoidance

(7), (53)

ACCOMPANIMENT

pigeon pea, mung beans, split peas, lentils
meat, fish
cheese - milk products
vegetable oil, ghee
(7)

ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVES

sorghum
milk powder
maize flour
pulses
(7)

SEVERE MALNUTRITION (%)

10 (1988) (11b), (17)

NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES

iron deficiency - anemia; iodine deficiencies - goitre (54), (55)
PEM
vitamin A deficiency

POP./PHYSICIAN 2900
N° HEALTH CENTERS 417 rural
POP./NURSE 4900 (19)
N° HOSPITALS 710 (4)
COLD CHAIN at airport, in capital and at UN agencies (51)

Information not available

MAJOR DISEASES

Malaria
Tuberculosis
Diarrhea
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Poliomyelitis
Measles
(12c), (52)

IMMUNIZATION/CONTROL PROGRAM

Diarrhea
Tetanus
Iodine deficiency
Vitamin A deficiency
Polio, TB, DPT, Measles
(13), (17), (55)

MINISTRY OF HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Primary Health Care

Immunization, Diarrheal Disease Control, Malaria Control

REFERRAL SYSTEM

Integrated Rural Health Complex and Satellite units - Basic Health Unit and Rural Health Unit

District and Tehsil - General hospital

Urban - Specialized hospital

(12c), (52)

DISASTER TYPES

NUMBER

PERCENT

Floods

14

27,5

Storms, Cyclones

9

17,6

Accidents

8

15,7

Earthquakes

8

15,7

Avalanches

2

3,9

Fires

2

3,9

Landslides

2

3,9

Heatwaves

2

3,9

Epidemics

1

2,0

Famine

1

2,0

Chemical accidents

2

3,9

Civil strife

Total Disasters

51

(1)

FOCAL OFFICE

Emergency Relief Call (53)
Coordinating Planning Commission

DISASTER PLAN

Federal Disaster Plan, Provincial, District, Army (53)

WARNING SYSTEMS

Floods - Meteorological Office & Lahore Provincial Flood Centre
Wireless, telephone systems, radio, drum rolls
(53)

NATIONAL EMERGENCY RESOURCES

Grain - provincial food departments, Pak. Agric. Storage & Services Corp. for rice.
Medical kits, clothes - Red Crescent.
Health care - MOH, Red Crescent, Army, Social Security
(53)

PREPAREDNESS STATUS

At province and district levels.
Hazard Specific Emergency Plans for Districts.
Central Flood Committee
SAFRON for refugees
(51), (53)

EMERGENCY SUPPLIES LIKELY TO BE REQUESTED

Grain
Ambulances
Transport
Water
See WHO/UNHCR Emergency Kit
(51), (53)

COMMUNICATIONS

Radio - 9.8 million sets, broadcast in 21 languages. TV - 1.5 million sets. Army provides Civil (4), (53)

Administration with wireless communications system. Telephone - independent networks, military, police, railroad companies, gas & power companies all have separate networks. Telex in cities.

Railroads - 12,620 kms - connecting most major cities. Roads - 56740 km main roads, mostly narrow, gravel.

Ports - Karachi international.

Airports - 5 international, 69 with permanent runways - difficult in wet season.

EMERGENCY NGOs

Pakistani Red Crescent
IRC
CRS
DACAAR
GTZ
HAYAT
MSF
Austrian Relief
Salvation Army
(51), (53)

UN AGENCIES

UNDP
WHO
UNICEF
WFP
ILO
FAO
World Bank
UNFPA
UNIDO
UNIC
UNFDAC
UNESCO
UNHCR
(9)