 | Expert consultation on small-scale rural aquaculture (1997) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | PREPARATION OF THE DOCUMENT |
| | ABSTRACT |
| | ABBREVIATIONS USED |
| | BACKGROUND TO THE CONSULTATION |
| | SUMMARY OF PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS 1 |
|  | PROCEEDINGS |
| | Abstract of Overview Background Paper 1 |
| | Abstracts and Discussions of Background Papers |
| | Theme 1: Objectives and Indicators for Aquaculture Development |
| | Theme 2: The Place of Aquaculture in Rural Development |
| | Theme 3: The Institutional Context 2 |
| | Theme 4: Research-Development Linkages |
| | Concluding Discussion |
| | APPENDIXES |
| | Appendix 1: Options for Small-Scale Aquaculture Development (Overview Paper) |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 1. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION |
| | 1.1 Small-Scale Rural Aquaculture: Definitions and Limitations |
| | 1.2 Small-Scale Rural Aquaculture: Magnitude and Trends |
| | 1.3 Current Assistance to Aquaculture Development |
| | 2. RECENT REFLECTIONS ON SMALL-SCALE RURAL AQUACULTURE |
| | 2.1 The Thematic Evaluation of Aquaculture |
| | 2.2 Post-Thematic Evaluation Perspectives |
| | 2.3 Rethinking Objectives |
| | 2.4 The Institutional Context |
| | 2.5 Aquaculture as Farming |
| | 2.6 Research and Development Linkages |
| | 3. ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR SMALL-SCALE RURAL AQUACULTURE |
| | 3.1 Technical Breakthroughs: GIS |
| | 3.2 The Idea of Participation |
| | 3.3 Concluding Comments |
| | REFERENCES * |
| | Appendix 2: Objectives and Indicators for Aquaculture Development |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION |
| | 2. OBJECTIVES |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 2.1 Short-Term Goals |
| | 2.2 Medium-Term Goals |
| | 2.3 Long-Term Goals |
| | 3. MAIN ISSUES |
| | 3.1 Macropolitics |
| | 3.2 Applied Research |
| | 3.3 Training |
| | 3.4 Commercialization |
| | 3.5 Producer’s Organizations |
| | 3.6 Technical Assistance |
| | 3.7 Equipment and Inputs |
| | 3.8 Legal Dispositions |
| | 3.9 Micropolitics |
| | 3.10 Biofertilizers in Fish Culture |
| | 4. METHODOLOGIES FOR RURAL DIAGNOSIS. |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 4.1 Geographic Information Systems (GIS) |
| | 5. SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 5.1 Seed Production |
| | 5.2 Fish Feed |
| | 5.3 Fish Species |
| | 5.4 Fishing Gear |
| | 5.5 Production Expectations |
| | 5.6 Technical Assistance Reduction |
| | 6. MONITORING AND EVALUATION INDICATORS |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 6.1 Species Diversity |
| | 6.2 Bioresources Recycling |
| | 6.3 Productive Capacity of the Natural Resources Base |
| | 6.4 Economic Efficiency (Cost/Benefit Ratio) 6 |
| | 6.5 Other Indicators |
| | 7. MARKETING AND FEASIBILITY STUDIES |
| | 8. AQUACULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT |
| | 8.1 Effects of Aquaculture Practices on the Environment |
| | 8.2 Effects of Non-Aquacultural Activities on Rural Aquaculture |
| | 9. CONCLUSIONS |
| | REFERENCES * |
| | Appendix 3: The Place of Aquaculture in Rural Development |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION |
| | 2. AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE MACRO-LEVEL CONTEXT |
| | 3. THE MICRO-LEVEL CONTEXT |
| | 3.1 Small-Scale Farming Households |
| | 3.2 Small-scale Aquaculture |
| | 4. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE AND AGRICULTURE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 4.1 Land and Water |
| | 4.2 Labour |
| | 4.3 Feeds and Fertilizers |
| | 4.4 Capital |
| | 5. INTEGRATING AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE |
| | 6. MACRO-LEVEL AND MICRO-LEVEL IMPLICATIONS FOR INTEGRATED AQUACULTURE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 6.1 Structural Adjustment Programmes |
| | 6.2 Privatization of Input Supplies |
| | 6.3 Marketing |
| | 6.4 Credit |
| | 6.5 Income Generation |
| | 6.6 Food Security |
| | 6.7 Poverty Alleviation |
| | 6.8 Environmental Sustainability |
| | 6.9 Specific Aquaculture Problems |
| | 7. AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE EXTENSION APPROACHES |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 7.1 Transfer of Technology Approach |
| | 7.2 Target Group Approach |
| | 7.3 Participatory Extension Approach |
| | 8. EXISTING EXTENSION SERVICES |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 8.1 Agricultural Extension Services |
| | 8.2 Aquaculture Extension Services |
| | 8.3 Structural Considerations of Extension Services |
| | 9. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS FOR AN INTEGRATED EXTENSION SERVICE |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 9.1 Opportunities |
| | 9.2 System Overload |
| | 9.3 Institutional Barriers |
| | 9.4 Current Extension Approach |
| | 10. ELEMENTS OF A NOVEL EXTENSION SYSTEM |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 10.1 Approach |
| | 10.2 Organization |
| | 10.3 Training |
| | 11. CONCLUSIONS |
| | REFERENCES * |
| | Appendix 4: The Institutional Context |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 1. INTRODUCTION |
| | 2. RECENT TRENDS |
| | 3. GOVERNMENTS AND SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 3.1 Macro-Economic Framework |
| | 3.2 Legislation |
| | 3.3 Policies and Plans for Aquaculture Development |
| | 3.4 Credit |
| | 3.5 Management and Administration |
| | 3.6 Research and Development |
| | 3.7 Extension |
| | 3.8 Supply of Inputs |
| | 4. THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND SMALL-SCALE AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT |
| | (introduction...) |
| | 4.1 Producers and Producers’ Organizations |
| | 4.2 Production of Inputs |
| | 4.3 Marketing Systems |
| | 4.4 Private Sector Extension |
| | 4.5 Non-Governmental Organizations |
| | 5. DEVELOPMENT AID AND INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT |
| | 5.1 Trends in Development Aid to Aquaculture |
| | 5.2 Donor Agencies and Institutional Support |
| | 5.3 FAO and the Development of Aquaculture Institutions |
| | 6. ELEMENTS OF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE |
| | 6.1 Summary of Changes with Effect on Aquaculture Institutions |
| | 6.2 Key Central Government Activities for Small-Scale Aquaculture |
| | 6.3 International Organizations |
| | 6.4 Donor Agencies |
| | 7. CONCLUSIONS |
| | REFERENCES * |
| | Appendix 5: Research-Development Linkages |
| | 1. AQUACULTURE AND THE SMALL-SCALE FARMER |
| | 1.1 The Context of Rural Aquaculture |
| | 1.2 What Constrains the Adoption of Aquaculture by Small-Scale Farmers? |
| | 2. THE RESEARCH-EXTENSION-FARMER CONTINUUM |
| | 3. A NEW EXTENSION-RESEARCH RELATIONSHIP |
| | 3.1 Institutional Setting |
| | 3.2 New Job Descriptions |
| | 4. INFORMATION AND APPROPRIATE RESEARCH |
| | 4.1 Relevancy and Quality of Information |
| | 4.2 Systems-Level Analysis |
| | 4.3 Farmer-Participatory Research |
| | 5. AQUACULTURE RESEARCH CAPABILITIES |
| | REFERENCES * |
| | Appendix 6: Abstracts of Information Papers |
| | Appendix 7: Agenda |
| | Appendix 8: List of Participants |
ABBREVIATIONS USED
|
ADCP: |
Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme |
|
AEA: |
Agro-ecosystem Analysis |
|
AIT: |
Asian Institute of Technology |
|
ALCOM: |
Aquaculture for Local Community Development Programme |
|
AQUILA: |
Regional Aquaculture Programme in Latin America |
|
ARAC: |
African Regional Aquaculture Centre |
|
BID: |
(IDB) Inter-American Development Bank |
|
BOBP: |
Bay of Bengal Programme |
|
CATIE: |
Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre |
|
CEC: |
Commission of the European Communities |
|
CGIAR: |
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research |
|
CIAT: |
International Centre for Tropical Agriculture |
|
CIFA: |
Committee for Inland Fisheries of Africa |
|
CIMMYT: |
International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement |
|
CLSU: |
Central Luzon State University |
|
COPESCAL: |
Commission for Inland Fisheries of Latin America |
|
EIFAC: |
European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission |
|
FAO: |
Food and Agriculture Organization |
|
FIPIS: |
Fisheries Project Information System |
|
FIRI: |
Inland Water Resources and Aquaculture Service (FAO) |
|
FPC: |
Field Programme Committee |
|
FPR: |
Farmer Participatory Research |
|
FSR: |
Fanning Systems Research |
|
GCP: |
FAO/Government Cooperative Programme |
|
GFCM: |
The General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean |
|
GIS: |
Geographic Information Systems |
|
GNP: |
Gross National Product |
|
GTZ: |
German Agency for Technical Cooperation |
|
IAS: |
Institute for African Studies |
|
ICA: |
International Center for Aquaculture and Aquatic Environments, Auburn University |
|
ICLARM: |
International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management |
|
IDB: |
Inter-American Development Bank |
|
IDRC: |
International Development Research Centre |
|
IFAD: |
International Fund for Agricultural Development |
|
IICA: |
Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture |
|
ILEIA: |
Information Centre for Low-External-Input and Sustainable Agriculture |
|
IMF: |
International Monetary Fund |
|
IPFC: |
Indo-Pacific Fisheries Commission |
|
IRM: |
Integrated Resource Management |
|
ISNAR: |
International Service for National Agricultural Research |
|
LUSA: |
Land Use Systems Analysis |
|
MAGFAD: |
Malawi-German Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Project |
|
MEDRAP: |
Mediterranean Regional Aquaculture Programme |
|
NAC: |
National Aquaculture Center |
|
NACA: |
Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and Pacific Region |
|
NARS: |
National Agricultural Research Services |
|
NGOs: |
Non-governmental Organizations |
|
NORAD: |
Norwegian Agency for International Development |
|
ODA: |
Overseas Development Administration |
|
OECD: |
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
|
OXFAM: |
Oxford Committee for Famine Relief |
|
PACON: |
Pacific Congress on Marine Science and Technology |
|
PRA: |
Participatory Rural Appraisal |
|
PVOs: |
Private Voluntary Organizations |
|
RESTORE: |
The Research Tools for Natural Resource Systems Monitoring and Evaluation |
|
RRA: |
Rapid Rural Appraisal |
|
SAAFSR-E: |
Southern Africa Association for Farming Systems Research-Extension |
|
SADC: |
Southern African Development Community |
|
SAP: |
Structural Adjustment Programme |
|
SDA: |
Social Dimensions of Adjustment |
|
SEAFDEC: |
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Centre |
|
SIDA: |
Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency |
|
SIFR: |
Study on International Fisheries Research |
|
SSA: |
Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
T&V: |
Training and Visit |
|
TCP: |
Technical Cooperation Programme |
|
UNDP: |
United Nations Development Fund |
|
UNICEF: |
United Nations Children’s Fund |
|
UNZA: |
University of Zambia |
|
USAID: |
United States Agency for International Development |
|
WB: |
World Bank |
|
ZAREP: |
Zambia Agricultural Research and Extension Project |
|
|