Strategies for market orientation of small scale milk producers and their organisations. Proceedings of a worshop held at Mogororo Hotel, Mogororo, Tanzania, 20-24 March 1995. (1995): Session 5: Comparative evaluation of dairy marketing systems.: Alternatives to a parastatal marketing monopoly: 3.0 Present demand of supply of milk and milk products.

Strategies for market orientation of small scale milk producers and their organisations. Proceedings of a worshop held at Mogororo Hotel, Mogororo, Tanzania, 20-24 March 1995. (1995)

(introduction...)

Preface

Executive summary

Opening session

(introduction...)

An opening speech by the Hon. Frederick T. Sumaye, (MP) Minister of Agriculture, at the FAO sponsored

Market orientation of small scale milk producers. Background and global issues

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Urbanisation and economic growth

3. Demand and market - the link between producer and consumer

5. How to promote a market oriented development - of the very complex dairy sector?

Session 2: Production of marketable milk

(introduction...)

Milk supply to urban centres in Tanzania with particular reference to the city of Dar Es Salaam

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Background of dairy industry development in Tanzania

4. The milk supply situation in Tanzania: The facts.

5. Milk supply and consumption in Dar es Salaam

6. Linking producer and consumer

7. Summary and recommendations

6. Conclusions

References:

Dairy industry in Tanzania and the prospect for small scale milk producers

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Methodology

3. Cattle herd composition and geographical distribution

4. Milk production and demand projections

5. Milk marketing channels in Tanzania

6. Temporal and spatial analysis of milk price in Tanzania

7. Conclusions

References

Dairy production system in Ethiopia

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Major constraint dairy development system in Ethiopia.

References

ELCT - Promotion of dairy farming by heifer distribution in Tanzania

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. ELCT mission

3. Objectives of the dairy farming project:

4. Methods:

5. Achievements:

6. Future plans

7. Acknowledgements

Lessons learnt from TechnoServe's experience with small scale milk processing in Tanzania.

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. The market

3. Group organisational considerations

4. Strategies

Credit facilities and heifer supply within the Kagera livestock development programme - Tanzania

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Smallholder dairy farming in Kagera

3. KALIDEP achievements:

4. Dairy cattle numbers and milk production:

5. Extension and technical services:

6. Economic contribution:

7. Economic impact on women:

Acknowledgements:

References

Production of marketable milk in the sub-humid tropics: Experiences, lessons and technologies from coastal Kenya.

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Our clients

3. Animal genetic resources

4. Animal health management

5. Feed resources

6. Technology adoption

7. Policy and institutional environments

8. Conclusions

References

Session 3: Producer organisations.

(introduction...)

Milk production and marketing in Tanga Region: Efficiency of farmer co-operatives versus private sector1

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Extension service

3. Assistance by TechnoServe

4. Observations and discussion.

5. Suggestions and conclusion

Reference

Privatisation and livestock owners organisation in Kagera

(introduction...)

1. Activities and actors

2. Primary livestock societies versus individual entrepreneurs:

3. Primary livestock societies versus primary crop societies:

4. Activities covering the whole region

5. Kagera experiences with livestock primary societies:

6. Economic activities:

Milk producers role, needs and response to market demands and conditions in Zanzibar.

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Present status of livestock in Zanzibar

3. Effect of policy changes on marketing of locally produced milk and milk products:

4. Milk production systems:

5. Milk production potential and future prospects.

6. Milk marketing

7. Conclusion

References

Milk producer marketing groups in Uganda

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Background

3. Development of producer marketing groups in Uganda

4. Strategies adopted

5. Producer marketing groups and government dairy sector policy

6. Conclusions

References

Milk marketing and processing options for smallholder dairy co-operative organisations: The case of Serengeti and Mwakaleli dairy co-operatives in Tanzania.

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. The Serengeti dairy co-operative society, Bunda district

3. The Mwakaleli dairy co-operative society (MDCS)

4. Conclusions

5. Acknowledgement

Group formation and organisation for small scale milk producer under Jinja Heifer project

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Project outline

3. Process of group formation

4. Group membership

5. Group leadership

6. Activities undertaken by the groups

7. Planned structure for group organisation and function

8. Planned future activities

Conclusions

References

Session 4: Milk processing requirements

(introduction...)

The role of cultured milk products in developing countries

(introduction...)

1. Evolution of dairy development in warm countries.

2. Transition from traditional fermented milk to cultured milk with requisite quality standards.

Milk processing requirements for satisfying the demand for milk in Malawi

(introduction...)

Introduction

Background

Parastatal processing

Traditional processing methods and their potential for improvements and commercialisation

Sanitary and hygienic related issues in milk marketing.

Conclusion

Milk processing requirements for satisfying the demand for various dairy products in Tanzania

(introduction...)

Introduction

Milk quality and Marketing

Fermented milk

Butter

Ghee

Milk/Blood mixture

Organisational set-up and training

Conclusions

References

Personal experiences with the promotion of milk processing in developing countries

(introduction...)

1. Initial of dairy development in Nepal, 1952-1964.

2. Dairy development in Madagascar, 1964-1974.

3. Training and extension in the department of food technology & applied human nutrition (DFTN) at the university of Nairobi, 1974-1989.

4. Experiences in South America, 1992 and 1994.

Summary

Session 5: Comparative evaluation of dairy marketing systems.

(introduction...)

Market policy and market development: A comparison of dairy product consumption in Mombasa, Kenya and Dar-Es-salaam, Tanzania

(introduction...)

Introduction

Coastal sub-humid East Africa: Potential and limitations of a new dairy Hinterland

A tale of two cities: Dairy consumption in Mombasa, Kenya and Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania

The policy environment: Framework for market development

Kenya and Mombasa

Comparison of Mombasa and Dar-es-Salaam dairy markets

Conclusion: Dairy market development strategies and institutional support

References

Trends in milk marketing for small scale producers in Zambia

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

References

Impact of marketing liberalization on dairy marketing and the dairy marketing system in Kenya

(introduction...)

I: Background

II: Dairy marketing in Kenya

Ill: Dairy marketing system in Kenya

IV: Summary and conclusions

References

Competitive performance of formal and informal milk marketing channels in Northern Tanzania: The case of Hai district

(introduction...)

Introduction

Formal and informal marketing channels in the marketing system for milk in Hai district

Methodology

Results and discussion

Producer prices

Timeliness in effecting payments to producers

Consumer prices

Marketing costs and margins

Conclusions

References

Alternatives to a parastatal marketing monopoly

(introduction...)

1.0 Introduction

2.0 History of the dairy industry in Tanzania

3.0 Present demand of supply of milk and milk products.

4.0 Policy on milk marketing

5.0 The performance of TDL

6.0 Current milk marketing systems in Tanzania

7.0 Recommended alternative to monopoly milk marketing

8.0 The role of ministry of agriculture

9.0 Conclusion

Milk marketing in the Tanzania's changing environment: Regulatory perspective of the dairy industry and the role of marketing orders and regulations

Dairying in southern highlands of Tanzania: Marketing problems prospects

(introduction...)

Introduction

Opportunities:

Conclusion:

References

Summary of plenary discussion on group presentations

A. Production of marketable milk

B. Producer organisations:

C. Marketing systems

Names of FAO participants at Morogoro Hotel 20.3.95

3.0 Present demand of supply of milk and milk products.

Tanzania is far from self sufficient in milk and milk products. In most parts of the country supplies of liquid milk and manufactured dairy products are insufficient to meet consumers demand. This shortfall is most significant in the urban areas, where there is a growing demand from rising populations for dairy products. However, per capital consumption differ from region to region as shown in Table 1.

Data on milk consumption in the rural and urban markets are inadequate and so accurate demand projections have been difficult to establish. Therefore current consumption levels and the potentials for market expansion of milk and milk products can only be estimated. However, it is clear from past experience and from various house-hold budget surveys of 1984 and 1993; that her is a large unsatisfied demand for dairy products both in urban and parts of rural areas. Despite the large number of cattle in Tanzania, production of milk and milk products has not satisfied the demand. Particularly in the urban market. By 1970 the traditional livestock sector commercial sector produced 22.9 million litres of milk (Shayo et at 1982). Estimated national milk consumption levels of milk 1981 litres by 1990 after the World Bank supported dairy project - IDA Credit 580 TA completion. This could have raised the per capital consumption of milk from 22.4 to 25 litres. The general performance of the dairy industry has been not encouraging despite the Government efforts to be self sufficiency in milk supply.

Milk production, collection and marketing

Milk production trend

The livestock development sub-division and the dairy parastatal companies in Tanzania responsible for milk production, processing and marketing have experienced serious problems in conducting their business leading to decline in their performance and finally ending into liquidity problems.

Despite the large number of cattle in Tanzania, production of milk and milk products has not satisfied the demand, particularly in the urban market. Estimated national milk production and consumption levels for the past 20 years in Tanzania is as shown by the Table 2 below.

Several studies by the Household Budget Survey have indicated that milk and milk products were not sufficient to meet the local demand and the Government has been spending a great proportion of the scarce foreign exchange in importing dairy products to bridge the gap between demand and supply.

Table 2: Milk production and consumption trend in Tanzania

YEAR	POPULATION (MILLION)	MILK PRODUCTION (MILL. LITRES)	PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION (LITRES)
1970/71	13.3	303	22.9
1977/78	16.3	334	20.5
1981/82	17.5	391	22.4
1985/86	21.7	442	20.4
1988/89	23.4	258	20.5
1989/90	24.2	490	20.4
1990/91	25.2	500	19.8
1991/92	25.9	525	20.3
1992/93	26.6	585	21.0
1993/94	27.3	555	21.3

Source:

1. Livestock Development Program 1989
2. MALD - Budget Speech 1987/86 - 1993/94
3. National Food Strategy 1985.

3.2. Milk collection

Most of the milk produced in the country is consumed at the farm level or sold to neighbors. The government's policy is however, to attempt to channel surplus milk to dairy plants for commercial processing with a view to supply urban markets with hygienic milk and milk products, at the required standard.
Rural Milk collection had been organized by the TDL. A network of collection routes on the village feeder roads has been established by each plant, these routes on the village feeder roads has been established by each plant, these routes had collection centers equipped with cooling facilities which were provided and operated by Tanzania Dairy Limited (TDL). In addition, a number of producers deliver their milk directly to the processing plants, earning a collection margin.

Milk collection and processing is carried out by seven processing plants with total installed capacity of 309,000 litres per day. However, other small processing plants are undertaken by other parastatals and private companies. The rural performance of milk collection has been poor as indicated on table below.