Guidelines for the integration of sustainable agriculture and rural development into agricultural policies. (FAO Agricultural Policy and Economic Development Series -4) (1997): (introduction...)

Guidelines for the integration of sustainable agriculture and rural development into agricultural policies. (FAO Agricultural Policy and Economic Development Series -4) (1997)

(introduction...)

Preface

Summary

The concept of SARD

Policy objectives

Policy framework

Why policy intervention is necessary

Strategic issues

Policy instruments

Policy programming

Policy guidelines for SARD - Main report

1. Introduction

1.1 Historical background

1.2 The role of FAO in policy making

1.3 Scope of this report

1.4 Levels of policy intervention

2. The concept of SARD

2.1 Definitions

2.2 Alternative views

2.3 The position of FAO

2.4 Issues of space and time

2.4.1 Systems and sub-systems

2.4.2 The time dimension of SARD

3. The challenge: Threats to SARD

(introduction...)

3.1 Population growth

3.2 The growing demand for food and fibre

3.3 The challenges to reduce poverty

3.4 Resource depletion and degradation

3.4.1 Land, water and the environment

3.4.2 Loss of animal and plant species

3.5 Challenges to sustainable forestry

3.6 Challenges to sustainable fisheries

3.7 The challenge in developing human capital

4. The appropriate policy framework for SARD

(introduction...)

4.1 The need for a long-term global perspective

4.2 Harmonizing general and sectoral policies

4.3 Integrating action within the agricultural sector

4.4 Building an appropriate legal and institutional structure

4.5 Policy making that accounts for imperfect knowledge

4.5.1 Risk, risk aversion and downside risk

4.5.2 Precautionary principles and adaptive planning

4.6 The need for a systems approach to policy making

5. Strategic options for SARD

5.1 General

5.2 Growth or no growth

5.3 Intervention, incentives and control options

(introduction...)

5.3.1 Types of market failure

5.3.2 Policy failure

5.3.3 Picking a strategy to deal with market failure

5.4 ‘Top down’ versus ‘bottom up’ approaches

6. Policy options and instruments

(introduction...)

6.1 General economic and social policies

6.1.1 Fiscal and monetary policies

6.1.2 Trade and exchange rate polices

6.1.3 Labour and employment policies

6.1.4 Investment and foreign aid

6.1.5 Population policies

6.1.6 Incomes and equity policies

6.2 Policies relating to agricultural and rural development

(introduction...)

6.2.1 Rural infrastructure

6.2.2 Building human capital for the rural sector

6.2.3 Agricultural research and technology development

6.2.4 Agricultural prices

6.2.5 Stabilization and risk in agriculture

6.2.6 Direct government involvement

6.2.7 Sustainable rural livelihoods

6.2.8 Food and nutrition

6.3 Policies relating to markets and property rights

6.3.1 Resource property rights

6.3.2 Institutional development

6.4 Policies aimed at establishing democratic and participatory processes

6.4.1 Decentralization

6.4.2 People’s participation and empowerment

6.5 Policies focussed specifically on natural resource use and environmental protection

(introduction...)

6.5.1 Direct government action

6.5.2 Control instruments

6.5.3 Economic incentives

7. Integrated approaches to SARD

(introduction...)

7.1 Improving the efficiency and sustainability of rural resource use

7.2 Improving the efficiency and sustainability of farm production

7.3 Forestry

7.4 Fisheries

7.5 Rural development

8. Programming

(introduction...)

8.1 Diagnosis

8.1.1 Evaluating current situations and policies

8.2 Design

(introduction...)

8.2.1 Consultative processes

8.2.2 Priority setting

8.3 Setting the scope

8.4 Impact assessment

8.5 Appraisal

(introduction...)

8.5.1 Extended cost-benefit analysis

8.5.2 Cost-effectiveness analysis

8.5.3 Multi-criteria analysis

8.6 Decision making

8.7 Implementation

8.8 Monitoring and evaluation

9. Implementing the guidelines

9.1 Improving information

9.2 Education and training needs

9.3 International cooperation

9.4 Future directions for research on SARD

10. References

(introduction...)

by
J. Brian Hardaker

FAO - FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 1997

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

M-60
ISBN 92-5-104104-0

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.

© FAO 1997