General principles

1. Energy requirements of infants, children and adolescents should be estimated from measurements of energy expenditure and growth.

2. Recommendations for dietary energy intake should be consistent with the growth reference values endorsed by WHO.

3. Energy for play and other socially desirable endeavors including physical activity, exploration of the surroundings, learning and interactions with other children and adults is necessary for normal growth and development.

4. Because there are large differences between the lifestyles of children and adolescents in developed and developing societies, both in terms of occupational and discretionary activities, energy requirements will be determined largely by the level of physical activity.