Chronic Energy Deficiency : Consequences and Related Issues (International Dietary Energy Consultative Group - IDECG, 1987, 201 pages): List of participants

Chronic Energy Deficiency : Consequences and Related Issues (International Dietary Energy Consultative Group - IDECG, 1987, 201 pages)

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Introduction

Research relating to energy adaptation in man

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1. General introduction

2. The Sukhatme-Margen hypothesis

3. Is energy balance regulated in man?

4. The time basis of energy regulation

5. Altered metabolic rate

6. Other Sukhatme analyses

7. Problems in testing the Sukhatme-Margen hypothesis

8. The reproducibility of metabolic rates in man

9. Adaptation to underfeeding

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9.1. The range of adaptation

9.2. The response to semistarvation

10. Overfeeding studies

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10.1. Early studies

10.2. Prolonged overfeeding

11. Attempts to test the Sukhatme-Margen hypothesis(es)

12. Concluding remarks

References

Seasonality in energy metabolism

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1. Introduction

2. Reasons of seasonal variations in energy metabolism

3. Seasonal body weight fluctuations

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3.1. Children

3.2. Adults

4. Seasonal fluctuations of energy expenditure

4.1. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

4.2. Physical activity and energy expenditure

5. Conclusions

6. Research priorities

References

Chronic energy deficiency and the effects of energy supplementation

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1. Introduction

2. Definitions and descriptions

2.1. Chronic energy deficiency

2.2. Energy supplementation

2.3. Targets of supplementation

2.4. The effects of supplementation

3. Approaches to the study of the effects of energy supplementation

4. Supplementation studies

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4.1. The INCAP study

4.2. The Gambian studies

4.3. The Bacon Chow Study, Taiwan

4.4. Conclusions

5. Some possible explanations for the small effects

5.1. Are the recipients really malnourished?

5.2. Are the target groups being energy-supplemented?

5.3. Are the target groups appropriate?

5.4. Are the outcome variables appropriate?

6. Contemporary models

7. Gaps in our knowledge

8. Concluding comments

References

A critical view of three decades of research on the effects of chronic energy malnutrition on behavioral development

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1. Background

2. The main-effect model

3. Deficiencies of the main-effect model

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3.1. Outcomes of primary and secondary malnutrition

3.2. Effects of the environment and experience

3.3. Outcomes of monofocal and multifocal interventions

4. Suggestions for future research

References

Effects of chronic energy deficiency on stature, work capacity and productivity

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1. Studies in adults

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1.1. Malnutrition and VO2 max

1.2. Endurance

1.3. Productivity and physical work capacity

2. Studies in children

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2.1. Anthropometry, sexual maturation and body composition in boys

2.2. Growth of work capacity

3. Men and boys

3.1. Body size, composition and VO2 max

3.2. Energy cost of load-carrying

3.3. Efficiency of economy of submaximal work in malnutrition

3.4. Reduced physical activity in chronic energy deficiency

3.5. Work performance in large and small individuals

4. Productivity, earning and nutrition in developing countries

5. Summary

Acknowledgements

References

The energy requirements of pregnancy and lactation

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1. Introduction

2. Background

3. Methodology

3.1. Selection of subjects

3.2. Body weight and body fat

3.3. Energy intake

3.4. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

3.5. Standardized exercise test

3.6. Normal daily activity pattern

3.7. Daily energy expenditure

3.8. Frequency of measurements

4. Results and discussion

5. Conclusion on pregnancy data

6. Lactation

References

Methodology of field studies related to socioeconomic effects of chronic energy deficiency

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1. Introduction

2. Conceptual framework

3. Study designs

4. Human capital studies

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4.1. Methodological aspects

4.2. Analytical limitations

5. Economic behavioral studies

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5.1. Methodological aspects

5.2. Analytical limitations

6. Participation of the community in research

7. Concluding remarks

Appendix

References

Pregnancy, lactation and childhood: Report of working group 1*

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1. Introduction

2. Pregnancy

2.1. New information

2.2. Policy implications

2.3. Needs for research

3. Lactation

3.1. New information

3.2. Policy implications

3.3. Needs for research

4. Children

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4.1. Energy supply and physical growth of infants and children

4.2. Energy supply and physical activity of children

4.3. Chronic energy deficiency and development

4.4. Causes of inadequate energy intakes in children

5. Conclusion

Work capacity, work performance: Report of working group 2*

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1. Definitions

1.1. Physical work capacity

1.2. Work performance

1.3. Chronic energy deficiency (CED)

2. Summary of existing knowledge

3. Priority studies

4. Relationship of the proposed research activities to developing countries

5. Recommendations for continuing obligations

References

Social and economic development: Report of working group 3*

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1. Introduction

2. Designs for studying the effects of low energy intake on behavior

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2.1. Naturalistic designs

2.2. Experimental designs

3. Types of variables

4. Proposed future activities with IDECG support

List of participants

List of participants

ADAIR, LINDA	Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, University Square, 300A, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, U.S.A.
AFONJA, SIMI	Department of Sociology/ Anthropology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
ALLEN, LINDSAY H.	Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Box U-17, Storrs, CT 06268, U.S.A.
BEATON, GEORGE H.	Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
DURNIN, J.V.G.A.	Institute of Physiology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
FERRO-LUZZI, ANNA	Unit of Human Nutrition, National Institute of Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00179 Rome, Italy.
GALAL, OSMAN	Nutrition Institute, 16 Kasr-El-Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt.
DE GUZMAN, PATROCINIO E.	Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Taft Ave., Corner Pedro Gil St., Manila, Philippines.
HAUTVAST, J.G.A.J.	Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University, De Dreijen 12,6703 BC Wageningen, The Netherlands.
HUSAINI, MAHDIN ANWAR	Community Nutrition Division, Nutrition Research and Development Centre, Komplek Gizi, Dr. Sumeru Street, Bogor, Indonesia.
IMMINK, MAARTEN D.C.	Division of Food and Nutrition Planning, INCAP, P.O. Box 1188, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
JAMES, W. PHILIP T.	Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB2 9SB, U.K.
NORGAN, NICHOLAS GEORGE	Department of Human Sciences, University of Technology, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, U.K.
PAINE, SABRINA H.B.H.	Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Machmer Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A.
PELTO, GRETEL	Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Box U-17, Storrs, CT 06268, U.S.A.
POLLITT, ERNESTO	Department of Applied Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
PRADILLA, ALBERTO	Nutrition Unit, WHO, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
PRENTICE, ANDREW M.	Dunn Nutrition Unit, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 1XJ, U.K.
VAN RAAIJ, J.M.A.	Department of Human Nutrition, Agricultural University, De Dreijen 12,6703 BC Wageningen, The Netherlands.
REINA, JULIO CESAR	Universidad del Valle, Centro Medico Imbanaco, Carrera 38A, No. 5A-108, Cali, Colombia.
REUTLINGER, SHLOMO,	The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20433, U.S.A.
SCRIMSHAW, NEVIN S.	International Food and Nutritional Program, MIT, E38-756, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.
SCHÜRCH, BEAT	Nestlé Foundation, P.O. Box 581, 1001 Lausanne, Switzerland.
SHETTY, PRAKASH S.	Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bangalore 560034, India.
SOLOMONS, NOEL	Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism, Hospital de Ojos y Oidos, "Dr. Rodolfo Robles V", Diagonal 21 y 19 Calle Zona 11, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
SPURR, G.B.	Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, U.S.A.
THOMAS, BROOKE R.	Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Machmer Hall, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
TORÚN, BENJAMIN	Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Division of Nutrition and Health, INCAP, P.O. Box 1188 Guatemala City, Guatemala.
WATERLOW, J.C.	15 Hillgate Street, London W8 7SP, U.K.
WEISELL, ROBERT CRAIG	Nutrition Planning, Assessment & Evaluation Service, Food and Agriculture Organization, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.