(introductory text...)

Climatic Elements and Factors
Edaphic Characteristics
Hydrological Characteristics at Watershed Level
Biotic Factors

The present chapter attempts to deal with those ecological factors which condition and affect cloud forests. Within these factors, climatic elements per definition take priority and will be discussed in more detail; then edaphic and hydrologic parameters will be dealt with; and finally mention will be made of other ecological factors, particularly those of a biotic nature.