
| Environmental Change and International Law: New Challenges and Dimensions (UNU, 1992, 493 pages) |
| Issues in international environmental law |
![]() | 2. International norm-making |
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Chronology of principal development in international legislation concerning the atmosphere
A. Protection against transboundary air pollution1
|
1969 |
Eric Oden, studies on acidification of Scandinavian lakes by
long-range air pollution |
|
Jun. 1972 |
Swedish case-study on "Air Pollution Across National
Boundaries: Impact on the Environment of Sulfur in Air and Precipitation"
(submitted to the Stockholm Conference) |
|
18 Jun. 1974 |
OECD Council Recommendation on Guidelines for Action to Reduce
Emissions of Sulphur Oxides and Particulate Matters from Fuel Combustion in
Stationary Sources |
|
14 Nov. 1974 |
OECD Council Recommendation on Measures Required for Further
Air Pollution Control |
|
1 Aug. 1975 |
Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and
Co-operation in Europe (calling, inter alia, for promoting
international law in respect of long-range air pollution) |
|
1977 |
OECD study on lang-range transboundary air pollution in
Europe |
|
1978 |
Establishment of the Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and
Evaluation of the Long Range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP), by
ECE in co-operation with WMO and UNEP |
|
1978 |
Negotiation of a long-range transboundary air pollution convention
within the framework of the Senior Advisers to ECE Governments on Environmental
Problems |
|
13 Nov. 1979 |
CONVENTION ON LONG-RANGE TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION,
GENEVA |
|
Jul. 1982 |
Ministerial Conference on Acidification, Stockholm
|
|
28 Sep. 1984 |
PROTOCOL ON LONG-TERM FINANCING OF THE COOPERATTVE PROGRAMME FOR
MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE LONG-RANGE TRANSMISSION OF AIR POLLUTANTS TN
EUROPE, GENEVA |
|
21 Mar. 1984 |
Ministerial Conference on Acid Rain, Ottawa |
|
27 Jun. 1984 |
Multilateral Conference on Environment, Munich |
|
8 Jul. 1985 |
PROTOCOL ON THE REDUCTION OF SULPHUR EMISSIONS OR THEIR
TRANSBOUNDARY FLUXES BY AT LEAST 30 PER CENT, HELSINKI |
|
Oct. 1985- |
Negotiation of a Protocol on Nitrogen Oxides |
|
Aug. 1988 | |
|
31 Oct. 1988 |
PROTOCOL CONCERNING THE CONTROL OF EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN OXIDES OR
THEIR TRANSBOUNDARY FLUXES, SOFIA |
|
31 Oct. 1988 |
Declaration on 30 Per Cent Reduction of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions,
Sofia |
|
24 Nov. 1988 |
EEC Directive on the Limitation of Emissions ofCertain
Pollutants in the Air from Large Combustion Plants |
|
Feb. 1989- |
Negotiation of a Protocol on Volatile Organic |
|
Aug. 1991 |
Compounds |
|
8 Nov. 1991 |
PROTOCOL CONCERNING THE CONTROL OF EMISSIONS OF VOLATILE ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS OR THEIR TRANSBOUNDARY FLUXES, GENEVA |
1. Code:
Scientific Developments and Meetings Not Part of International Legislative Process
Legal and Political Meetings and Statements Not Part of Non-Regional International Legislative Process
Meetings Relating to the International Legislative
Process
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS ADOPTED
B. Protection of the ozone layer
|
1973-1974 |
Richard Stolarski and Ralph Cicerone, studies of release of
chlorine in the atmosphere |
|
1974 |
Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland, studies of CFCs in the
atmosphere and stratosphere |
|
8 Mar. 1977 |
UNEP's World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer,
Washington |
|
Apr. 1980 |
UNEP Governing Council resolution on restriction of CFC
usage |
|
May 1981 |
UNEP Governing Council resolution initiating negotiations towards
an ozone agreement |
|
1981 |
Meeting of legal experts convened by UNEP,
Montevideo |
|
Jan. 1982 |
First session of Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical
Experts for the Preparation of a Global Framework Convention for the Protection
of the Ozone Layer, convened by UNEP, Stockholm (NB: There were seven sessions,
until 1985) |
|
1983 |
Establishment of the "Toronto Group" |
|
22 Mar. 1985 |
VIENNA CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE OZONE
LAYER |
|
1986 |
WMO/UNEP Report on Atmospheric Ozone |
|
May 1986 |
Workshop on CFC production and consumption trends, convened by
EEC and UNEP, Rome |
|
Sep. 1986 |
Workshop on alternative regulatory strategies on protection of
ozone, convened by USA and UNEP, Leesburg (USA) |
|
Dec. 1986 |
First negotiating session on a protocol to the Vienna Convention,
convened by UNEP, Geneva |
|
Feb. 1987 |
Second negotiating session on a protocol to the Vienna Convention,
convened by UNEP, Vienna |
|
Apr. 1987 |
Third negotiating session on a protocol to the Vienna Convention,
convened by UNEP, Geneva |
|
Jun. 1987 |
Meeting of heads of key delegations, convened by UNEP,
Brussels |
|
8-13 Sep. 1987 |
Preliminary meetings preceding the Montreal Conference, convened
by UNEP, Montreal |
|
16 Sep. 1987 |
MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE
LAYER |
|
Apr.- May 1989 |
First Meeting of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the
Montreal Protocol, Helsinki |
|
27-29 Jun. 1990 |
Second Meeting of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the
Montreal Protocol, London (adoption of ADJUSTMENTS AND AMENDMENTS TO MONTREAL
PROTOCOL) |
|
Jun. 1991 |
Third Meeting of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the
Montreal Protocol, Nairobi (also Executive Committee of Interim Multilateral
Fund) |
|
Oct. 1992 |
Fourth Meeting of the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the
Montreal Protocol, Copenhagen |
C. Protection of the climate
|
12-23 Feb. 1979 |
First World Climate Conference, convened by
WMO |
|
9-15 Oct. 1985 |
International Conference on the Assessment of the Role of
Carbon Dioxide and Other Green-house Gases in Climate Variations and Associated
Impacts, Villach (Austria), sponsored by UNEP, WMO, and
ICSU |
|
28 Sep.- 2 Oct. 1986 |
Conference on Developing Policies for Responding to Future
Climatic Change, Villach (Austria) |
|
1986 |
Establishment of the UN system inter-agency Advisory Group on
Greenhouse Gases (AGGE) |
|
Nov. 1987 |
Policies Issues Workshop on Developing Policies for Responding
to Climatic Change, Bellagio (Italy) |
|
27-30 Jun. 1988 |
Conference on the Changing Atmosphere: Implications for Global
Security, convened by the Canadian Department of External Affairs,
Toronto |
|
Nov. 1988 |
First session of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC), Geneva, established by UNEP and WMO |
|
6 Dec. 1988 |
UNGA Resolution: Protection of Global Climate for Present and
Future Generations of Mankind (A/RES/43/53) |
|
20-22 Feb. 1989 |
Meeting of Legal and Policy Experts on the Changing Atmosphere,
convened by the Canadian Department of External Affairs,
Ottawa |
|
11 Mar. 1989 |
Declaration of the Hague |
|
28-30 Jun. 1989 |
Second session of IPCC, Nairobi |
|
7 Nov. 1989 |
Noordwijk Declaration of the Ministerial Conference on
Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change |
|
1990 |
Third session of IPCC |
|
27-31 Aug. 1990 |
Fourth session of IPCC, Sundsvall (Sweden) |
|
29 Oct.- 7 Nov. 1990 |
Second World Climate Conference, convened by WMO, Geneva, and
Ministerial Declaration |
|
21 Dec. 1990 |
Establishment of Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a
Framework Convention on Climate Change (A/RES/45/212) |
|
4-14 Feb. 1991 |
First session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a
Framework Convention on Climate Change, Washington |
|
13-15 Mar. 1991 |
Fifth session of IPCC, Geneva |
|
19-28 Jun. 1991 |
Second session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for
a Framework Convention on Climate Change |
|
9-20 Sep. 1991 |
Third session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a
Framework Convention on Climate Change |
|
29-31 Oct. 1991 |
Sixth session of IPCC |
|
9-20 Dec. 1991 |
Fourth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for
a Framework Convention on Climate Change |
|
10-12 Feb. 1992 |
Seventh session of IPCC, Geneva |
|
18-28 Feb. 1992 |
Fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a
Framework Convention on Climate Change, New York |
|
Apr. 1992 |
Informal consultations among principal delegations,
Paris |
|
30 Apr.- 8 May 1992 |
Sixth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a
Framework Convention on Climate
Change |