Environmental Change and International Law: New Challenges and Dimensions (UNU, 1992, 493 pages): List of abbreviations

Environmental Change and International Law: New Challenges and Dimensions (UNU, 1992, 493 pages)

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Note to the reader from the UNU

Acknowledgements

List of abbreviations

Introduction

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1. Global environmental change and international law: the introductory framework

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I. Trends in global environmental change

II. The development of international environmental law

III. Themes

IV. Important future themes

V. Organization of the book

Notes

Issues in international environmental law

2. International norm-making

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A. The international legislative process

B. Steps in the treaty-making process

C. The creation of customary law

D. The creation of soft law

E. Concluding remarks

Annex

Notes

3. Changing requirements for international information

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Introduction

Changing environmental information requirements

Better understanding of environmental conditions and trends

International environmental impact assessments?

Information to strengthen international agreements

Ecosystem and resource information with policy implications

The precautionary principle

A new regime for sustainable development

Recent developments

Looking ahead

Notes

4. Emerging principles and rules for the prevention and mitigation of environmental harm

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Introduction

1. Significance and role of principles and rules of prevention and mitigation

2. Traditional norms, principles, and rules

3. Characteristics of global environmental change

4. Double-track approach as a treaty-making technique

5. Emerging principles and rules of prevention and mitigation

6. Toward an international management of global environmental change

Notes

5. State responsibility, liability, and remedial measures under international law: new criteria for environmental protection

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1. The evolving law of state responsibility

2. New environmental realities and their impact upon the law

3. Conceptual developments and the new basic principle of international law

4. The expanding scope of the law: global reach and international cooperation

5. Material changes in the law of state responsibility

6. Expanding the protection of the affected interests

7. Liability for acts not prohibited by international law: the ongoing debate

8. The expanding role of practice: substantive and procedural developments

9. The protection of the marine environment: a leading case of innovation

10. The Antarctic environment: developing a comprehensive regime for responsibility and liability

11. The new law of state responsibility: improvement and caution

12. Avoiding environmental degradation and opposing the world ecological government: a conclusion

Notes

6. Law and global environmental management: some open issues

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The point of departure

International preventive norms and mechanisms

Compensatory remedies: gaps and trends in international law

Enforcement: deterrence: incentives and disincentives

Future outlook

Notes

7. The legislation and implementation of international environmental law and the third world: the example of China

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An overview of international environmental legislation and its implementation

The status of third-world states in international environmental legislation and its implementation

Some personal views and suggestions to encourage a more positive role of the third world in the legislation and implementation of international environmental law

Notes

Appendix: a case-study: China's positive attitude toward the adoption and implementation of international environmental legislation

Notes

International human rights law and environmental problems

An introductory note on a human right to environment

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Notes

8. The human rights system as a conceptual framework for environmental law

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Environmental issues

Environmental rights in the context of the natural order

Duty to future generations

The concept of ''the common concern of mankind''

The protection of indigenous peoples

Environmental rights and international refugee law

Substantive norm-making and enforcement procedures

Conclusion

Notes

9. The contribution of international human rights law to environmental protection, with special reference to global environmental change

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Summary

I. The growth of human rights protection and environmental protection: from internationalization to globalization

II. The incidence of the temporal dimension in environmental protection and in human rights protection

III. The fundamental right to life at the basis of the ratio legis of international human rights law and environmental law

IV. The right to health as the starting-point towards the right to a healthy environment

V. The right to a healthy environment as an extension of the right to health

VI. The protection of vulnerable groups at the confluence of international human rights law and international environmental law

VII. The recognition of the right to a healthy environment: The concern for environmental protection in international human rights instruments

VIII. Concern for the protection of human rights in the realm of international environmental law

IX. Concern for the protection of the environment in the realm of international humanitarian law

X. Protection of the environment and international refugee law

XI. The question of the implementation (mise en oeuvre) of the right to a healthy environment

XII. The right to a healthy environment and the absence of restrictions in the expansion of human rights protection and environmental protection

Notes

Future directions in international regimes

10. The implications of global change for the international legal system

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The impact of global change on different functions in international law

The impact of global change on international structures

Notes

11. Restructuring the international organizational framework

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A. The current structure

B. Some objectives of and constraints on possible improvements

C. Changes to be considered

D. Conclusion

Notes

Annex: The learning capacity of international organizations

Notes

12. Intergenerational equity: a legal framework for global environmental change

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I. The temporal dimension in international law

II. Alternative approaches to intergenerational equity

III. Principles of intergenerational equity

IV. Intergenerational rights and obligations

V. Implementation of intergenerational equity

Notes

13. Ecological security: response to global challenges

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I. Conceptual paradigm

II. Legal regime

III. Principles

Appendices

A. Global learning: concept and applications

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I. Introduction: antecedents

II. Approaches to global learning

III. Global learning: facilitation and obstacles

IV. Content of global learning

Notes

B. Chronological index of selected international environmental legal instruments

C. Contributors

List of abbreviations

A.F.D.I	Annuaire française de droit international
A.J.I.L	American Journal of International Law
Am. U.L. Rev.	American University Law Review
Ann. de l'Inst. de droit int'l	Annuaire de l'Institut de droit international
C.F.R.	Code of Federal Regulations (United States)
Ch. Envt'l Mgmt.	Chinese Environmental Management
Ch. Leg. Sys. Nwspr.	China Legal System Newspaper
Ch. Y.B. Int'l L.	Chinese Yearbook of International Law
Den. J. Int'l L. & Pol'y	Denver Journal of International Law and Policy
Ecol. L.Q.	Ecology Law Quarterly
Env't J.	The Environment Journal
Env't Rep.	Environment Reporter (BNA)
Envt'l L.	Environmental Law
Envt'l L. & Pol'y J.	Environmental Law and Policy Journal
Envt'l Pol'y & L.	Environmental Policy and Law
Euro. J. Int'l L.	European Journal of International Law
F.2d.	Federal Reporter Second Edition (United States)
G.A. Res.	United Nations General Assembly Resolution
Gaz. St. Cnc'l Peo. Rep. Ch.	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
Geo. Int'l Envt'l L. Rev.	Georgetown International Environmental Law Review
Harv. H.R.Y.B.	Harvard Human Rights Yearbook
Harv. Int'l L.J.	Harvard International Law Journal
Harv. L. Rev.	Harvard Law Review
Hou. J. Int'l L.	Houston Journal of International Law
H.R.L.J.	Human Rights Law Journal
H.R.Q.	Human Rights Quarterly
I.C.J.	International Court of Justice Reports
I.L.M.	International Legal Materials
I.L.R.	International Law Reports
Ind. J. Int'l L.	Indian Journal of International Law
Int'l & Compar. L.Q.	International and Comparative Law Quarterly
Int'l Env't Rep.	International Environment Reporter
Int'l Hrld. Trib.	International Herald Tribune
Int'l J.	International Journal
Int'l J. Refugee L.	International Journal of Refugee Law
Int'l L. & Politics	International Law and Politics
Int'l Prot. Env't	International Protection of the Environment
Int'l Soc. Sci. J.	International Social Science Journal
Mich. J. Int'l L.	Michigan Journal of International Law
Neth. Int'l L. Rev.	Netherlands International Law Review
N.Y. Times	New York Times
N.Y.U.J. Int'l L. & Pol'y	New York University Journal of Inter national Law and Policy
O.J. Eur. Comm.	Official Journal of the European Communities
Österch. Ztshrft. für öffntlchs. Recht und Vlkrcht.	Österreichische Zeitschrift für öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht
Pace Envt'l L. Rev.	Pace Environmental Law Review
Phil. & Pub. Aff.	Philosophy and Public Affairs
Prologue: J. Am. Archvs.	Prologue: The Journal of the American Archives
R. Int'l Arb. Awards	United Nations Reports of International Arbitral Awards
R.R.	Renmin Ribao (People's Daily, China)
R. 3rd For. Rel. L.U.S.	Restatement Third of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States
Rec. des cours de l'Ac. de droit int'l	Recueil des cours de l'Academie de droit international
Rev. des droits de l'hom.	Revue des droits de l'homme
Rev. Gen. de Droit Int. Public	Revue Generale de Droit International Public
Rivsta. Giur. dell'Amb	Rivista Giuridica dell'Ambiente
Rutgers L. Rev.	Rutgers Law Review
S.D.L. Rev.	South Dakota Law Review
So. Afr. J. Hum. Rts.	South African Journal of Human Rights
Soc. Theory & Prac.	Social Theory and Practice
Stat.	United States Statutes at Large
Tex. Int'l L. J.	Texas International Law Journal
T.I.A.S.	United States Treaties and Other International Acts Series
Tn. L. Rev.	Tennessee Law Review
T. S.	Treaty Series
U.N. GAOR	United Nations General Assembly Official Record
U.N.Y.B.	United Nations Year Book
U.S.C.	United States Code
U.S.T.	United States Treaties
U.S.T.S.	United States Treaty Series
Va. J. Int'l L.	Virginia Journal of International Law
Verfsg. und Rcht. in Übersee	Verfassung und Recht in Übersee
X. Gen. Oseas. Nws. Svc.	Xiahua General Overseas News Service
Y.B. Int'l L. Comm'n	Yearbook of the International Law Commission