
| The Fragile Tropics of Latin America: Sustainable Management of Changing Environments (UNU, 1995) |
| Acknowledgements |
| Introduction |
| Part 1 : The ecological outlook |
![]() | Ecological prospective for tropical Latin America |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 The current condition of the tropical Latin American ecosystems |
![]() | 3 Modelling ecological changes |
![]() | 4 The reference scenario |
![]() | 5 The sustainable scenario |
![]() | 6 Conclusions |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | Notes |
![]() | References |
![]() | Rich and poor ecosystems of Amazonia: an approach to management |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Characterization of the oligotrophic environment |
![]() | 3 Characterization of eutrophic forests |
![]() | 4 Management of oligotrophic areas |
![]() | 5 Management of eutrophic areas |
![]() | 6 Conclusions |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | References |
![]() | Archaeological perspectives on the potential of Amazonia for intensive exploitation |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Evolutionary principles |
![]() | 3 Past and present settlement behaviour |
![]() | 4 Relations between várzea, and terra firme groups |
![]() | 5 The impact of climatic fluctuation |
![]() | 6 Overcoming environmental constraints |
![]() | 7 Conclusion |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | References |
![]() | Distribution and interannual variability of rainfall in Brazil |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Data source and distribution of rainfall in South America |
![]() | 3 Interannual variability of rainfall in brazil |
![]() | 4 Relationship to southern oscillation Index |
![]() | 5 Seasonal variability of rainfall in Brazil |
![]() | 6 Comparison of the rainfall in northern Brazil to other tropical regions |
![]() | 7 Conclusion |
![]() | Acknowledgement |
![]() | References |
| Part 2 : The Brazilian Amazon |
![]() | Waters and wetlands of Brazilian Amazonia: an uncertain future |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | Sweet sea |
![]() | The Amazon river system |
![]() | Human use of Amazonian aquatic and wetland ecosystems |
![]() | The future, a cascade of uncertainties |
![]() | A broader picture: environmental perspectives in Brazil |
![]() | Conclusions |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | Notes |
![]() | References |
![]() | A fragile capitalism in a fragile environment: entrepreneurs and state bureaucracies in the free zone of Manaus |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Methodological remarks |
![]() | 3 A theoretical excursus |
![]() | 4 Entrepreneurs and bureaucrats |
![]() | 5 Findings |
![]() | Notes |
![]() | References |
| Part 3 : The Peruvian Amazon |
![]() | Aquatic and land fauna management among the floodplain ribereños of the Peruvian Amazon |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 The ribereños of San Jorge |
![]() | 3 The Amazon floodplain in north-east Peru |
![]() | 4 Ribereño hunting |
![]() | 5 Fishing |
![]() | 6 Distribution and consumption |
![]() | 7 Changes in fisheries |
![]() | 8 Conclusion |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | References |
![]() | Subsistence- and market-oriented agroforestry in the Peruvian Amazon |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Traditional agroforestry in north-eastern Peru |
![]() | 3 Swidden-fallow agroforestry among the Bora indians |
![]() | 4 Market-oriented agroforestry in Tamshiyacu |
![]() | 5 Conclusions and recommendations |
![]() | References |
![]() | Local management of forest resources in a rural community in north-east Peru |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Study area and objectives |
![]() | 3 Population dynamics |
![]() | 4 Distribution and use of terra firme lands in the community |
![]() | 5 Traditional use of forest resources |
![]() | 6 Prospects for sustainable management |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | References |
| Part 4 : The semi-arid north-east |
![]() | White sand soils in north-east Brazil |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Site characteristics |
![]() | 3 Distribution of the white sand soils in the Paraíba-Pernambuco area |
![]() | 4 White sand on the Conde upland, Paraíba |
![]() | 5 Origin of upland white sand |
![]() | 6 The effect of deforestation |
![]() | References |
![]() | Changing aspects of drought-deciduous vegetation in the semiarid region of north-east Brazil |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Study sites and methods |
![]() | 3 Results |
![]() | 4 Discussion and conclusion |
![]() | References |
![]() | Characteristics and utilization of tree species in the semi-arid woodland of north-east Brazil |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Bioclimatic divisions of north-east Brazil and the floristic composition of the caatinga stand |
![]() | 3 Response and stress tolerance of caatinga trees to various water conditions |
![]() | 4 Utilization of the caatinga trees |
![]() | 5 Deforestation associated with increased firewood consumption and charcoal production |
![]() | 6 Conclusions and a proposal |
![]() | Acknowledgements |
![]() | Appendix |
![]() | References |
![]() | Drought, irrigation, and changes in the sertão of north-east Brazil |
![]() | (introductory text...) |
![]() | 1 Introduction |
![]() | 2 Reservoir irrigation in Paraíba |
![]() | 3 Middle São Francisco valley |
![]() | 4 Consequences of irrigation agriculture |
![]() | Acknowledgement |
![]() | References |
The editors wish to acknowledge with gratitude a large number of individuals and institutions who have contributed towards the finalization of this book.
The preparations for the volume began with the symposium on The Fragile Tropics of Latin America: Changing Environments and Their Sustainable Management, organized by the Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos, University of Tsukuba, 29-31 May 1990. The symposium was sponsored by the University of Tsukuba, Japan, the United Nations University, and the Associação Central Nipo-Brasileira.
The co-editor, Prof. Nishizawa, who served as Chairman of the Organizing Committee, would like to acknowledge the help of the members, including Vice-Chairmen Prof. Takashi Maeyama of Shizuoka University and Prof. Em. Shozo Yamamoto of the University of Tsukuba; the late Mr Shunjo Matsuda; Prof. Tomio Fujita of Kanagawa University; Prof. Mario Hiraoka of Millersville University of Pennsylvania; Prof. Em. Hilgard O'Reilly Sternberg of the University of California, Berkeley; Amb. Keiichi Tatsuke; Mr Masahiro Maeda of the Sociedad Latino-Americana; Mr Katsuhiro Kotari of the Japan International Development Agency (JICA); Dr Eiji Matsumoto of the University of Tsukuba; Mr Hajime Mizuno of Sophia University; Dr Ichiroku Hayashi of the University of Tsukuba, Mr Masao Kosaka, then with the Institute of Developing Economies in Tokyo; Mrs Iyo Kunimoto of Chuo University; Dr Takao Ueda of the University of Tsukuba; Dr Noritaka Yagasaki of Yokohama National University; Dr Fujio Masuda of the University of Osaka; Mr Yoichi Koike of the Institute of Development Economies; Dr Chiyoko Mita of Sophia University; Dr Toshihiko Naito of Tohoko University; Dr Isao Saito of the University of Tsukuba; Dr Hiroaki Maruyama of Kanazawa University; Dr Shuji Yamashita of Tokyo Gakugei University; Dr Noboru Hida of Akita University; Mr Motoko Iwami of the Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan; and Mr Kentaro Nagata of the Associacao Central Nipo-Brasileira.
The symposium was supported financially by the Inoue Foundation for Science; the Japan Automobile Manufacturers' Association, Inc.; the JapanBrazil Economic Committee; the Japan Electrical Manufactures' Association; the Japan Iron and Steel Federation; Mitsui & Co., Ltd.; SYNNYO-EN; the Federation of Electric Power Companies; the Japan Shipbuilding Industry Foundation; the SOKA GAKKAI; and the Tokyo Bankers' Association.
We would particularly like to thank Prof. Em. Hilgard O'Reilly Sternberg again for his important input to the symposium, as well as his constructive review and criticism of the manuscript. We are also indebted to the following individuals for their critical review and constructive comments on various chapters in the manuscript: Prof. Riordan Roett, Johns Hopkins University, USA; Dr David W. Goodall, CSIRO, Australia; Prof. Jeremiah F. Epstein, the University of Texas at Austin, USA; Prof. John Saunders, Missisippi State University, USA; Prof. Cyrus B. Dawsey, Auburn University, USA; Prof. Stefan Hastenrath, the University of Wisconsin, USA; Prof. Geoffrey Scott, the University of Winnipeg, Canada; Prof. Carl F. Jordan, the University of Georgia, USA; Dr Vernon E. Kousky, the National Meteorological Center, USA; Prof. Michael Eden, the University of London, UK; Prof. Brian J. Godfrey, Vassar College, USA; and Prof. Takeshi Matsui, Nihon University, Japan.
At the United Nations University, we would like to acknowledge the role of the Academic Officer, Mr Dieter Koenig (now with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva) for his support.
The constructive comments of all the above have been very helpful in completing the book. Nevertheless, any remaining mistakes or misinterpretations are the responsibility of the editors.
Toshie Nishizawa
Juha I.
Uitto