System characteristics

Variables

Indicators

Values

Empirical references

1. Goal-setting

1.1 Emphasis on learning in the formulation of goals

1.11 Existence of technical training programmes in corporate plans

1

No explicit training programme in plans

2

Training programmes not complete only for the low-skill components. Not on critical aspects of the technology

3

Detailed training programme aimed at ultimate takeover by local experts

1.12 Existence of R&D programme in corporate plan

1

No explicit R&D programme

2

Some R&D programmes but on minor aspects of the technology

3

Detailed R&D programme for product improvement

1.2 Emphasis on local autonomy

1.21 Existence of plans for local autonomy

1

No explicit programme for the attainment of local autonomy

2

Some aspects are programmed for local autonomy

3

Detailed programme for local autonomy, e.g. sale of equity of nationals

1.22 Plans for vertical integration

1

No explicit plans for vertical integration

2

There are plans for partial integration

3

Detailed programme for vertical integration

1.3 Articulation of techno- system policies

1.31 Role of nationals in policy formulation

1

Techno-system policy fully controlled or influenced by foreigners

2

Techno-system policies partly influenced by foreigners

3

Techno-system policies fully controlled by Philippine nationals

2. Control

2.1 Role of nationals in corporate decision- making

2.11 Nationality of management

1

Top-level decision makers are foreign nationals

2

Medium-level decision makers are foreign nationals

3

Top-level decision makers are Philippine nationals

2.12 Equity of participation of nationals in corporations

1

No equity participation of Philippine nationals

2

Partial participation by Philippine nationals

3

Equity fully owned by Philippine nationals

2.2 Role of nationals in the flow of inputs

2.21 Control of managerial inputs

1

Full control by foreign nationals

2

Partial control by Philippine nationals

3

Full control by Philippine nationals

2.22 Control of technological inputs

1

Full control by foreign nationals

2

Partial control by foreign/ Philippine nationals

3

Full control by Philippine nationals

2.23 Control of material inputs

1

Full control by foreign nationals

2

Partial control by Philippine nationals

3

Full control by Philippine nationals

2.24 Control of financing

1

Full control by foreign nationals

2

Partial control by Philippine nationals

3

Full control by Philippine nationals

3. Dynamics

3.1 Innovation by Filipinos in the relevant technologies

3.11 Number of innovations in the industry

1

No important innovations at all by Filipinos

2

Some important innovations by Filipinos

3

Great number of innovations by Filipinos

3.12 Quality of technical innovations by Filipinos

1

No, or very little, value for the industry

2

Some technical innovations are of high quality

3

Most of the technical innovations are of high quality

3.13 Use of local material inputs to the various process

1

No change in the character of material inputs (or increasing use of foreign material inputs)

2

Some increase in the use of local material inputs

3

Most of the material inputs are now local

3.14 Adaptations of some of the processes to local conditions

1

No change in the production processes

2

There have been some adaptations to local conditions

3

There are many important adaptations to local conditions

3.2 Change in number of Filipinos with relevant know-how

3.21 Change in number of Filipinos with the technical know-how in relevant technologies

1

No change or decrease in the number of Filipinos with technical know-how

2

There has been a significant increase in the number of Filipinos with technical know-how

3

There has been some increase in the number of Filipinos with technical know-how

3.22 Change in the number of Filipinos with managerial know-how

1

No change or decrease

2

Same but not much increase

3

There has been a significant increase in number of Filipinos with managerial know-how

4. Systems memory

4.1 Documentation (books, manuals, journals) of the techniques

4.11 Existence of technical industry library locally

1

No specialized technical library/literature collection for the relevant technologies

2

Same but not adequate

3

Adequate specialized technical library

4.12 Existence of historical industry statistics

1

No statistics are being kept locally

2

Some statistics are being gathered but there are important gaps

3

Adequate statistics are being gathered by the local industry

4.2 Quality of information subsystem

4.21 Technological capacity

1

Operative/adaptive capacity

2

Replicative capacity

3

Innovative/creative capacity

5. System feedbacks

5.1 Linkage of the industry with local R&D

5.11 Support of local R&D by industry

1

The industry/company has not supported any local R&D

2

The industry/company has supported some local R&D

3

The industry/company has its own R&D unit

5.12 Utilization of R&D results

1

The industry or company has not used any local R&D results

2

The industry has utilized some of the results of local R&D

3

The industry or company has been utilizing most of the results of local R&D

5.2 Linkage of the industry with training and educational programme

5.21 Utilization of locally trained technicians and engineers

1

Most of the technicians or engineers are foreign-trained

2

Some of the technicians are foreign-trained

3

Most of the technicians or engineers are locally trained

6. Systems maintenance

6.1 Adequacy of local technological educational systems

6.11 Relevance of curricula to the industry

1

Curricula not relevant to the needs of industry

2

Curricula partly relevant to the needs of industry

3

Curricula very relevant to the needs of industry

6.12 Adequacy of number of graduates

1

Number of graduates is not enough

2

Number of graduates is barely enough for the industry

6.13 Quality of the graduates

1

Local graduates are not good enough for the industry

2

Local graduates are barely qualified and need further training

3

Local graduates are quite qualified to work for the industry

6.2 Adequacy of local supply of industry hardware and maintenance

6.22 Local supply of hardware

1

Almost all machinery and spare parts are imported

2

About half of the required hardware is available locally

3

Most of the required hardware is available locally

6.23 Local maintenance of hardware

1

Hardware is maintained mostly by foreigners

2

Maintenance is partly done by Filipinos

3

Maintenance of hardware is mostly by Filipinos

7. Interdependence/ integration

7.1 Existence of the various components of the techno-system for product X

1

Only the extraction subsystem and minor subsystem exist locally

2

Some of the critical subsystems exist locally

3

All the critical subsystems are found locally

7.2 Interdependence/linkage of the subsystems

1

The various subsystems are not linked with or dependent on one another

2

Partial linkage of the various subsystems and components

3

All the various subsystems and components are linked with one another