
| Protein-Energy Interactions (International Dietary Energy Consultative Group - IDECG, 1991, 437 pages) |
| Nutrition of immune cells: The implications for whole body metabolism |
ARDAWI, M.S.M., NEWSHOLME, E.A.: Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat. Biochem. J., 212, 835-842 (1983).
ARDAWI, M.S.M., NEWSHOLME, E.A.: Metabolism in lymphocytes and its importance to the immune response. Essays Biochem., 21, 1-44 (1985).
BARUA, J.M., WILSON, E., DOWNIE, S., WERYK, B., CUSCHIERI, A., RENNIE, M.J.: The effect of alanyl-glutamine peptide supplementation on muscle protein synthesis in post-surgical patients receiving glutamine-free amino acids intravenously. Proc. Nutr. Soc. (in press).
BURKE, D.J., ALVERDY, J.C., AOYS, E., Moss, G. S.: Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves gut immune function. Arch. Surg., 124, 1396-1399 (1989).
CRABTREE, B., NEWSHOLME, E.A.: A quantitative approach to metabolic control. Curr. Top. Cell. Regul., 25, 21-76 (1985).
CROMPTON, M., CAPANO, M., CARAFOLI, E.: The sodium induced efflux of calcium from heart mitochondria. A possible mechanism for the regulation of mitochondrial calcium. Eur. J. Biochem., 69, 453-462 (1976).
GREEN, D.R., FAIST, E.: Trauma and the immune response. Immunol. Today, 9,253-255 (1988).
HAMMARQVIST, F., WENERMAN, J. VON DER DECKEN, A., VINNARS, E.: Alanyl-glutamine counteracts the depletion of free glutamine and the postoperative decline in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Ann. Surg., 212, 637-642 (1990).
KWEON, M.N., MORIGUCHI, S., MUKAI, K., KISHINO, Y.: Effect of alanylglutamine-enriched infusion on tumour growth and cellular immune function in rats. Amino Acids, 1, 7-16 (1991).
NEWSHOLME, E.A., CRABTREE, B.: Substrate cycles in metabolic regulation and in heat generation. Biochem. Soc. Symp., 41, 61-110 (1976).
NEWSHOLME, E.A., LEECH, A.R.: Biochemistry for the Medical Sciences, pp. 233-234. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, UK, 1983.
NEWSHOLME, E.A., CRABTREE, B., ARDAWI, M.S.M.: The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilisation in rapidly-dividing cells. Biosci. Rep., 4, 393-400 (1985a).
NEWSHOLME, E.A., CRABTREE, B., ARDAWI, M.S.M.: Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes, its biochemical, physiological and clinical importance. Q. J. Exp. Physiol., 70, 473-489 (1985b).
NEWSHOLME, R. GORDON, S., NEWSHOLME, E.A.: Rates of utilization and fates of glucose, glutamine, pyruvate, fatty acids and ketone bodies by mouse macrophages. Biochem. J., 242, 631-636 (1987).
NEWSHOLME, E.A., NEWSHOLME, P., CURI, R., CHALLONER, E., ARDAWI, M.S.M.: A role for muscle in the immune system and its importance in surgery, trauma, sepsis and burns. Nutrition, 4, 261-268 (1988).
PARRY-BILLINGS, M., EVANS, J., CALDER, P.C., NEWSHOLME, E.A.: Skeletal muscle glutamine metabolism during sepsis in the rat. Int. J. Biochem., 21, 419-423 (1989).
PARRY-BILLINGS, M., EVANS, J., CALDER, P.C., NEWSHOLME, E.A.: Does glutamine contribute to immunosuppression after burns? Lancet, 336, 523-525 (1990).
RENNIE, M.J., HUNDAL, H.S., BABIJ, P., MacLENNAN, P., TAYLOR, P.M., WATTS, P.W., JEPSON, M.M., MILLWARD, D. J.: Characteristics of a glutamine carrier in skeletal muscle have important consequences for nitrogen loss in injury, infection and chronic disease. Lancet, i, 1008-1011 (1986).
ROTH, E., KARNER, J., OLLENSCHLÄGER, G., KARNER, J., SIMMEL, A., FÜRST, P., FUNOVICS, J: Alanylglutamine reduces muscle loss of alanine and glutamine in postoperative anaesthetized dogs. J Clin. Sci., 75, 641-648 (1988).
SCHELTINGA, M. R., YOUNG, L.S., BENFELL, K., BYE, R.L., ZIEGLER, T.R., SANTOS, A.A., ANTIN, J. H., SCHLOERB, P.R., WILMORE, D.W.: Glutamine-enriched intravenous feedings attenuate extracellular fluid expansion after a standard stress. Ann. Surg., 214, 385-392 (1991).
SZONDY, Z. NEWSHOLME, E.A.: The effect of glutamine concentration on the activity of carbanoyl-phosphate synthase II and on the incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA in rat mesenteric lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. Biochem. 1, 261, 979-983 (1989).
YOSHIDA, S., HIKIDA, S., TANAKA, Y., YANASE, A., HIZOTE, H., KAEGAWA: Effect of glutamine supplementation on lymphocyte function in septic rats. J. Parent. Enterol. Nutr., 16, 305 (1992).