Causes and Consequences of Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Proceedings of an IDECG workshop, November 1996, Baton Rouge, USA, Supplement of the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (International Dietary Energy Consultative Group - IDECG, 1996, 100 pages)

(introductory text...)

Stockton

European journal of clinical nutrition

Foreword

Current growth standards, definitions, diagnosis and classification of fetal growth retardation

(introductory text...)

Definitions

Diagnosis and misclassification

Growth-charts

Ultrasonography dating

Standardization of growth charts

Symmetric versus asymmetric growth retardation

Genetic factors

Conclusion

References

Discussion

Levels and patterns of intrauterine growth retardation in developing countries

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Methodology

Results

Discussion

References

Discussion

Birth weights and stillbirths in historical perspective

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Sources of evidence

Results

Discussion

Concluding remarks

References

Discussion

Biological mechanisms of environmentally induced causes of IUGR

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Biomedical mechanisms

Hormonal regulation of fetal growth

Nutrition and placental functions

Maternal environment

Maternal disorders

Maternal nutrition and iugr

Interaction factors

References

Discussion

Reference

Socioeconomic determinants of intrauterine growth retardation

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Socioeconomic disparities in IUGR: Mediating factors

Secular trends in IUGR and its determinants

Are there residual socioeconomic disparities in IUGR?

References

Discussion

Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on mortality morbidity in infants and young children

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Definitions used

Types of IUGR

Association of low birth weight with diarrhoea

Association of low birth weight with respiratory infections

Differential effects in stunted vs wasted IUGR infants

Discussion

References

Discussion

Intrauterine growth retardation, body size, body composition and physical performance in adolescence

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Literature review

INCAP longitudinal study (1969-77) and its follow-up study (1988-89)

References

Discussion

Neurodevelopmental outcome of small-for-gestational-age infants

(introductory text...)

Problems of definition and interpretation

Cerebral palsy

Minimal neurologic dysfunction

Sensory loss or handicap

Conclusions

References

Discussion

Small for gestational age, term babies, in the first six years of life

(introductory text...)

Samples

Socio-economic backgrounds

Studies in the first two years

Brazilian study

Studies of children from two to seven years

Comments on studies

Implications

References

Discussion

Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on mental performance and behavior, outcomes during adolescence and adulthood

(introductory text...)

School age outcomes of young adolescents with intrauterine growth failure (Table 1)

Late adolescent and adult outcomes of low birthweight and intrauterine growth failure

Effects of IUGR on the development of very low birthweight children

Discussion and conclusion

References

Discussion

Fetal growth and adult disease

(introductory text...)

1. Evidence for fetal origins of adult disease

2. Discussion

References

Commentary

References

Discussion

Nutritional interventions to prevent intrauterine growth retardation: Evidence from randomized controlled trials

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

Annex: Systematic reviews included

References

Discussion

Report of the IDECG group on definitions, classifications, causes, mechanisms and prevention of IUGR

(introductory text...)

Definitions and classifications

Causes and mechanisms

Prevention

Report of the IDECG group on effects of IUGR on infants, children and adolescents: Immunocompetence, mortality, morbidity, body size, body composition, and physical performance

(introductory text...)

Immunocompetence

Mortality and morbidity

Body size, composition and physical performance

Maturation

Policy implications

Research needs

Report of the IDECG/IUNS working group on IUGR effects on neurological, sensory, cognitive, and behavioral function

(introductory text...)

Limitations of available evidence

Generalizations

Neurologic and sensory outcomes

Cognition

Research needs

Recommendations

Report of the IDECG group on variation in fetal growth and adult disease

(introductory text...)

Current state of knowledge

Specific hypotheses and possible mechanisms

Implications for future research

Implications for public health