2,4-D

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

alpha-T

alpha-terthienyl

AChE

acetylcholinesterase

AIDS

acquired immune deficiency syndrome

ASEAN

Association of South East Asian Nations

BHC

y-benzene hexachloride (lindane)

BPMC

fenobucarb, 2-sec-butyl-N-methyl carbamate

Br2A

dibromovinyl-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid

Bti

Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis

CDA

control droplet applicator

CEOHS

Center for Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences

ChE

cholinesterase

CIBC

Commonwealth Institute for Biological Control

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CTPB

community-targeted, problem-based

DDBSA

dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid

DDE

1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-dichlorophenyl) ethylene

DDT

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

DDVP

2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate

DEET

diethyl toluamide

DNOC

dinitro-o-cresol

DOAE

Department of Agricultural Extension

EC

emulsifiable concentrate

ECG

electrocardiograph

ECHO

abdominal ultrasonograph

EEG

electroencephalograph

ELC

Environment Liaison Centre

EMG

electromyograph

EPA

US Environmental Protection Agency

EPN

o-ethyl o-4-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphonothionate

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FEV1.0

forced expiratory volume per second

FVC

forced vital capacity

GIFAP

Groupement international des associations rationales de fabricants de produits agrochimiques

GPT

glutamic pyruvic transaminase

GTZ

Agency for Technical Cooperation, Germany

HDPE

high-density polyethylene

HPLC

high-performance liquid chromatography

HYV

high-yielding variety

IARC

international agricultural research centre

ICOH

International Commission of Occupational Health

ICPS

International Centre for Pesticide Safety

IDRC

International Development Research Centre

ILO

International Labour Organization

INSO

Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional

IOCU

International Organization of Consumers’ Unions

IPCS

International Programme on Chemical Safety

IPM

integrated pest management

IRRI

International Rice Research Institute

JMPR

joint meeting on pesticide residues

KAP

knowledge, attitudes, and practices

KEMRI

Kenya Medical Research Institute

KETRI

Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute

KSH

Kenyan shilling

LC50

lethal concentration to 50% of organisms tested

LD50

lethal dose to 50% of animals tested

LDH

lactic dehydrogenase

MACA

Malaysian Agricultural Chemicals Association

MARDI

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute

MSMA

methylarsonic acid

MYR

Malaysian ringitt

NGO

Nongovernmental organization

NIOSH

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

NMEO

Nepal Malaria Eradication Organization

NOAEL

“No adverse effect level”

NPIC

National Poison Information Centre

OCP

Onchocerciasis control program

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PAHO

Pan American Health Organization

Paraquat

1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridylium dichloride

PET

polyethylene terephthalate

PHC

primary health care

PIC

prior informed consent

RV

residual volume

SIRIM

Standard and Industrial Research Institute

TCDC

technical cooperation among developing countries network

TCDD

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

THB

Thai bhatt

TLC

total lung capacity

ULV

ultra low volume

UN

United Nations

UNEP

United Nations Environment Programme

UNFSSTD

United Nations Financing System for Science and Technology for Development

UPLB

University of the Philippines at Los Baos

URT

upper respiratory tract

USAID

US Agency for International Development

USD

United States dollar

WC

water-soluble concentrate

WHO

World Health Organization

WHOPES

WHO pesticides evaluation scheme

WP

wettable powder