Session 12. Wind technology

Total time:	2 hours
Objectives:	* To describe the characteristics of a good wind site
	* To identify several types of wind machines and their major uses
	* To discuss advantages and disadvantages of locally-designed and built wind machines
Resources:	* Attachment IV-12-A, "Good and Bad Sites for Wind Machines"
	* Attachment IV-12-B, "Dempster Typical Windmill Installation"
	* Attachment IV-12-C, "Wincharger 12 Volt Wind Electric Battery Charger"
	* Attachment IV-12-D, "Savonious Rotors and Other Wind Machines"
	* Attachment IV-12-E, "Wind Power Formula"
	* Barnhart and Hirschberg, The New Alchemy Sailwing
	* Moore, Pradera Windmill
	* VITA, "Horizontal Axis Sail Rotor Windmills"
Materials:	Newsprint, felt-tip pens, notebooks, pens and pencils

Trainer Notes There are direct uses of solar energy, such as solar water and space heating. But there are also indirect uses of solar energy, such as water and wind power. This session serves to introduce participants to one of these indirect uses of solar energy. This session is included in response to what has been a continually expressed felt need on the part of previous program participants, i.e., to understand wind technology as an example of indirect solar energy. This is intended as an optional session which can be used as a format for the discussion of other indirect applications of ! solar energy. (For example, hydraulic rams, micro-hydroelectric power, solar stills, solar cookers, biogas production, cookstoves, etc.) The choice of the session theme should be a response to participant's needs and/or in-country programming needs. The "Discussion Questions" (See Step 2) should be modified to reflect the chosen theme. They should be written out on newsprint prior to beginning the session.

Step 1. (5 minutes)
Present the objectives and describe the session activities.

Step 2. (15 minutes)
Post, review and clarify the "Wind Technology Discussion Questions."

Trainer Notes Post, on newsprint, the following questions, leaving space between each question for filling in responses (See Step 3): Wind Technology Discussion Questions 1. What are some characteristics of a good wind site? 2. What are some types or styles of wind machines? a. Mass-produced b. Locally-made 3. What are some potential applications of wind machines? 4. What are some advantages and disadvantages of locallydesigned and -built wind pumps versus imported U.S. multi-blade wind pumps (i.e., in Africa)? 5. How does P = V³ d² relate wind machine power to wind velocity and blade diameter? Remember to leave ample space between each question for filling in the responses.

Step 3. (20 minutes)
Have participants form groups of 3 to 5 people and develop responses to the "Discussion Questions."

Trainer Notes * Ask that one member of each small group copy the questions and record the group's responses. * You should circulate among the groups to see if they need any help.

Step 4. (40 minutes)
Reconvene the groups and encourage a discussion of their responses.

Trainer Notes * As the responses are being discussed, you should note appropriate answers to the questions in the space under each question on the posted newsprint. * Be sure that all participants understand the answers to each question. * Ask those participants who understand the concepts being discussed to assist those who are having more difficulty.

Step 5. (30 minutes)
Distribute and explain the attachments and other available wind technology resources (See "Resources").

Step 6. (10 minutes)
Conclude the session by reviewing the objectives and checking to see if they were met.

GOOD AND BAD SITES FOR WIND MACHINES

TYPICAL WINDMILL INSTALLATION

Dempmester

Pump

Close top pump

Open top

Windmil

GET MAXIMUM POWER FROM THE FREE WIND WITH A HEAVY DUTY 12 VOLT

FIG 1

FIG 2

MODEL NO.1222 H WIND ELECTRIC BATTERY CHARGER

FIG 3

FIG 4

STARTS CHARGING IN 7 MILE AN HOUR BREEZE

The ideal source of electrical power for remote applications where a limited amount of 12V electricity is required. The Wincharger 12V Heavy Duty Wind Oriven Plant requires a minimum amount of maintenance and gives years of trouble free service. The Wincharger starts charging in 7 mile breeze and reaches its maximum charge at 14 amperes is a wind velocity of 23 miles per hour.

6 FOOT PROPELLER

Built on the famous Albars Air-Foil principis. Machine made ... perfectly balanced. Cooper armored leading edges. Protected by three coats of wather-proof varnish.

200 WATT GENERATOR

Bearings grease sesied. 7(½) frame diameter.

ENCLOSED COLLECTOR RING

Provides complets protection against dust, frost and kea. Equipped with double carbon brashes.

NO RADIO INTERFFERENCE

Cardaasars is generator and special grosadiag spring taside generator allmisats radio interference.

STRONG WINCHARGER TOWER

Model 1222H mounts on sturdy 10 foot 4 leg angis iran tower. Rigidry braced ... invest costrac then fastured. All parts fit perfectly in make erection simnle.

HEAVY DUTY 12 VOLT MODEL NO. 1222H WIND ELECTRIC

LARGE. STURDY GENERATOR

Wincharger's heavy duty 4 Pole 7(½) diameter generators are built for long life and low maintenance Ball bearings are permanentally sealed.

Generator

INSULATED INSTRUMENT PANEL

Completely wired. Connections-marked for easy installation. Reverse current device. Ammeter shows amount of charge or discharge Voltage regulator not available.

Instrument panel

PATENTED AIR-BRAKE GOVERNOR

Operates by centrifugal force. When wind velocity exceeds 23 miles per hour governor flaps automatically open and spread wins away from propeller (See illustration). Governor also acts as a fly wheel to maintain even propeller speed and eliminate vibration in gusty wind.

Tower can be mounted on pitched roof on a mounted platform, or on any flat surface of any height.

Governor

Optional Voltage Available at extra cost
24 volt, 28 volt, 32 volt and 36 volt

CHARGING RATES:

Revolutions Per Minutes	Amperes
270	0
350	2(½)
440	6
570	10
700	12
900	14

WINCHARGER STANDARD EQUIPMENT INCLUDES:

* INSULATED INSTRUMENT PANEL
* 6 FOOT PROPELLER
* 200 WATT GENERATOR
* ENCLOSED COLLECTOR RING
* AIR BRAKE GOVERNOR
* 10 FOOT WINCHARGER TOWER

SPECIFICATIONS

Tower		10 Feet High
Propeller	Type	2 Blade
	Size	6 Feet
	Material	Wood
Gear Ratio		Direct
Generator		7(½)" Diameter 4 Pole

Capacity (Watts)	200
Approximate Maximum Amps.	14
Approximate Maximum Volts	15
Generator Speed Range (RPM)*	270/900
Governor Type	22" Air-Brake

WEIGHTS	Not	Domestic Shipping	Export Shipping	Vol. Cu. Ft.
Generator and Parts	61 Lbs.	67 Lbs.	53 Lbs.	1.7
rower and Propeller	70 Lbs.	74 Lbs.	103 Lbs.	3.0
Governor Assembly	3 Lbs.	4 Lbs.	7 Lbs.	.4

Propeller Speed Range (RPM)*	270/900
Wind Speed Range (MPH)*	7/23
Voltage Regulator	Not Available

Average Usable KWH per month
10 MPH Average	20
12 MPH Average	26
14 MPH Average	30

Size Battery Recommended (Batery not included)	230 A.H.
No. Battery Cells	6
Volts per Cell (When fully charged**)	2.5

* Wind and Propeller and Generator speed rangers as given indicate first the speed is required a begin charging the battery and then the speed required for the generator to begin operation. For example: On Model 1222 the propeller begins charging the battery at 260 RPM wich corresponds to a generator speed of 260 RPM and a wind speed of 7 MPH. Coverning speed is reached at 700 RTM, which corresponds to a generator speed of 70 RPM and a wind of 23 MPH.

**Fac lead, acid batteries only.

SAVINIOUS ROTORS AND OTHER WIND MACHINES

Wind

Single tier savonious

Graphic

NUMBER OF VANES

ASPECT RATIO

VANE FORM

Thai jib-sail rotor

Darieus rotor

Three iered Savonius rotor

Gyro rotor blade modulation

Gyro rotor

WIND MACHINE POWER FORMULA AND SITING

P = V³ d²

Where:	P = Power available from the wind generator
	V = Velocity or speed of the wind
	d = Diameter of the propeller