Abstracts on Sustainable Agriculture (GTZ, 1992, 423 p.): Abstracts on farming systems research and development: 9. A conceptual framework for studying the links between agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries.

Abstracts on Sustainable Agriculture (GTZ, 1992, 423 p.)

Abstracts on farming systems research and development

		Acknowledgements
		1. Using indigenous knowledge in agricultural development.
		2. On-farm sustainable agriculture research: lessons from the past, directions for the future.
		3. A manual for culturally-adapted market research (cmr) in the development process.
		4. Environmentally compatible agricultural development. Resource, food and income security as a task for development and structural policy.
		5. The economics of sustainable agriculture: adding a downstream perspective.
		6. Monitoring and evaluation in the management of agricultural research.
		7. Sustainable institutions for african agricultural development.
		8. Human resource management for national agricultural research: lessons from ISNAR's experience.
		9. A conceptual framework for studying the links between agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries.
		10. Linkages between on-farm research and extension in nine countries.
		11. Resource-poor farmer participation in research: a synthesis of experiences from nine national agricultural research systems.
		12. Organization and management of field activities in on-farm research: A review of experience in nine countries.
		13. Social and human dimensions of agricultural development in africa in the perspective of the year 2000 (dimensions sociales et humaines du developpement agricole de l'Afrique dans la perspective de l'an 2000. ).
		14. Nature and society.
		15. Development of fragile lands: theory and practice.
		16. Agricultural research networks as development tools: views of a network coordinator.
		17. Measures of protection: methodology, economic interpretation and policy relevance.
		18. Women in development in southern africa; an annotated bibliography.
		19. Women in development: a resource guide for organization and action.
		20. Income generation and african rural women: choice or mere neglect.
		21. Accelerating technology transfer by means of atta (advanced technologies in traditional agriculture).
		22. Projects with people: the practice of participation in rural development.
		23. Technological innovations in latin american agriculture.
		24. Agricultural compendium - for rural development in the tropics and subtropics.
		25. Guidelines for designing development projects to benefit the rural poor.
		26. Participatory education and grassroots development: the case of rural appalachia.
		27. Approaches that work in rural development: emerging trends, participatory methods and local initiatives.
		28. Participatory rapid rural appraisal in wollo: peasant association planning for natural resource management.
		29. Farmers' knowledge of agricultural practices: a sri lankan experience.
		30. The sustainability of the impact of the integrated rural development programme (irdp) zambia/nw-province.

9. A conceptual framework for studying the links between agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries.

ISNAR LINKAGES Theme Paper No. 1; Int. Service for Nat. Agric. Research, The Hague, Netherlands; 1989, 28 pp. + references

This paper synthesizes the contributions of seven papers commissioned by ISNAR as part of an international project to study the links between agricultural research and technology transfer.

In particular, the paper addresses four basic questions:

- What linkage mechanisms exist and what are their characteristics?
- What contextual factors influence which linkage mechanisms are appropriate to use and how?
- Which of these contextual factors can be controlled or influenced by policy makers and leaders of research and technology transfer institutions?
- What limitations do contextual factors impose upon the use of linkage mechanisms?

ISNAR initiated a major international comparative study on the links between agricultural research and technology transfer in developing countries. This study was developed in response to requests from agricultural research managers for advice in this area.

Many institutions have noted the problem of poor links between research and technology transfer in developing countries.

This framework is the subject of this paper, and represents the first phase of the ISNAR study. It is the result of 18 months spent synthesizing the experts' contributions and reviewing the available literature.

This framework should help leaders of research systems find out what paths exist and where they lead. The specific routes to guaranteed improved performance are not yet known, but this paper gives some indications of their general direction. It opens with an elaboration of the key concepts of the framework, and then discusses the criteria for evaluating performance. This is followed by analyses of the political, technical and organizational factors which affect linkage mechanisms in the development and transfer of agricultural technology.

Experience has shown, however, that it is impossible to come up with a set of general recommendations which would be appropriate in all circumstances. Solutions which work well in one context perform poorly in others.

1048 92 - 2/132

Farming systems research and development

Case studies, Africa, Asia, Latin America, on-farm research, extension, linkage problem, sustainability, ISNAR
EWELL. P.T.