 | Impact of Pesticide Use on Health in Developing Countries (IDRC, 1993, 346 p.) |
 |  | (introduction...) |
| | Acknowledgments |
| | Foreword |
|  | Part I: Epidemiology of pesticide poisoning - practical research experience in developing countries |
| | Balancing the need for pesticides with the risk to human health |
| | Health-risk assessment of pesticides: development of epidemiologic approaches |
| | Acute pesticide poisoning in Asia: the problem and its prevention |
| | Pesticide research for public health and safety in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand |
| | Investigations into acute pyrethroid poisoning in cotton growers in China |
| | Field exposure during application of organophosphates using knapsack sprayers in the Philippines |
| | Use and control of pesticides in Pakistan |
| | Pesticide poisoning among agricultural workers in Bolivia |
| | Pulmonary obstructive disease in a population using paraquat in Colombia |
| | Control of pesticide intoxication through research and rural education in a Peruvian valley |
| | Agrochemicals: a potential health hazard among Kenya’s small-scale farmers |
| | Pesticide use in agriculture, public health, and animal husbandry in Cameroon |
| | Health profile of workers exposed to pesticides in two large-scale formulating plants in Egypt |
| | Extent of exposure of farm workers to organophosphate pesticides in the Jordan Valley |
| | Part II: Relating pesticide development, manufacturing, application techniques, and regulatory control to user safety |
| | Development of safe chemical pesticides |
| | Studying the effects of pesticides on humans |
| | Safer packaging and labeling of pesticides |
| | Improving pesticide regulation in the Third World: the role of an independent hazard auditor |
| | Safer pesticide-application equipment for small-scale farmers in developing Asian countries |
| | Field evaluation of protective equipment for pesticide appliers in a tropical climate |
| | Part III: Roles of information and health services in achieving user safety |
| | Evaluation and management of pesticides on a global level: the role of the International Program on Chemical Safety |
| | Regional information resources for pesticide research |
| | Promoting the safe use of pesticides in Thailand |
| | Learning about pesticides in Thai medical schools: a community-oriented, problem-based approach |
| | The role of health-service units in monitoring and prevention of pesticide intoxication |
| | Part IV: Environmental concerns and alternatives to manufactured pesticides in agriculture and public health |
| | Pesticides and wildlife: a short guide to detecting and reducing impact |
| | Control of disease vectors: a current perspective |
| | Botanical pesticides: optimizing pest control and minimizing environmental impacts |
| | Endod, a potential natural pesticide for use in developing countries |
| | Role of Ambrosia maritime in controlling schistosomiasis transmission |
| | Alternative methods for pest management in developing countries |
| | Alternative methods for pest management in vegetable crops in Calamba, Philippines |
| | Part V: Appendices |
| | Participants |
| | Abbreviations and acronyms |
Abbreviations and acronyms
|
2,4-D |
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid |
|
alpha-T |
alpha-terthienyl |
|
AChE |
acetylcholinesterase |
|
AIDS |
acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
|
ASEAN |
Association of South East Asian Nations |
|
BHC |
y-benzene hexachloride (lindane) |
|
BPMC |
fenobucarb, 2-sec-butyl-N-methyl carbamate |
|
Br2A |
dibromovinyl-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic acid |
|
Bti |
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis |
|
CDA |
control droplet applicator |
|
CEOHS |
Center for Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences |
|
ChE |
cholinesterase |
|
CIBC |
Commonwealth Institute for Biological Control |
|
COPD |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
|
CTPB |
community-targeted, problem-based |
|
DDBSA |
dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid |
|
DDE |
1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-dichlorophenyl) ethylene |
|
DDT |
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane |
|
DDVP |
2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate |
|
DEET |
diethyl toluamide |
|
DNOC |
dinitro-o-cresol |
|
DOAE |
Department of Agricultural Extension |
|
EC |
emulsifiable concentrate |
|
ECG |
electrocardiograph |
|
ECHO |
abdominal ultrasonograph |
|
EEG |
electroencephalograph |
|
ELC |
Environment Liaison Centre |
|
EMG |
electromyograph |
|
EPA |
US Environmental Protection Agency |
|
EPN |
o-ethyl o-4-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphonothionate |
|
FAO |
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
|
FEV1.0 |
forced expiratory volume per second |
|
FVC |
forced vital capacity |
|
GIFAP |
Groupement international des associations rationales de fabricants de produits agrochimiques |
|
GPT |
glutamic pyruvic transaminase |
|
GTZ |
Agency for Technical Cooperation, Germany |
|
HDPE |
high-density polyethylene |
|
HPLC |
high-performance liquid chromatography |
|
HYV |
high-yielding variety |
|
IARC |
international agricultural research centre |
|
ICOH |
International Commission of Occupational Health |
|
ICPS |
International Centre for Pesticide Safety |
|
IDRC |
International Development Research Centre |
|
ILO |
International Labour Organization |
|
INSO |
Instituto Nacional de Salud Ocupacional |
|
IOCU |
International Organization of Consumers’ Unions |
|
IPCS |
International Programme on Chemical Safety |
|
IPM |
integrated pest management |
|
IRRI |
International Rice Research Institute |
|
JMPR |
joint meeting on pesticide residues |
|
KAP |
knowledge, attitudes, and practices |
|
KEMRI |
Kenya Medical Research Institute |
|
KETRI |
Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute |
|
KSH |
Kenyan shilling |
|
LC50 |
lethal concentration to 50% of organisms tested |
|
LD50 |
lethal dose to 50% of animals tested |
|
LDH |
lactic dehydrogenase |
|
MACA |
Malaysian Agricultural Chemicals Association |
|
MARDI |
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute |
|
MSMA |
methylarsonic acid |
|
MYR |
Malaysian ringitt |
|
NGO |
Nongovernmental organization |
|
NIOSH |
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
|
NMEO |
Nepal Malaria Eradication Organization |
|
NOAEL |
“No adverse effect level” |
|
NPIC |
National Poison Information Centre |
|
OCP |
Onchocerciasis control program |
|
OECD |
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development |
|
PAHO |
Pan American Health Organization |
|
Paraquat |
1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridylium dichloride |
|
PET |
polyethylene terephthalate |
|
PHC |
primary health care |
|
PIC |
prior informed consent |
|
RV |
residual volume |
|
SIRIM |
Standard and Industrial Research Institute |
|
TCDC |
technical cooperation among developing countries network |
|
TCDD |
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin |
|
THB |
Thai bhatt |
|
TLC |
total lung capacity |
|
ULV |
ultra low volume |
|
UN |
United Nations |
|
UNEP |
United Nations Environment Programme |
|
UNFSSTD |
United Nations Financing System for Science and Technology for Development |
|
UPLB |
University of the Philippines at Los Baos |
|
URT |
upper respiratory tract |
|
USAID |
US Agency for International Development |
|
USD |
United States dollar |
|
WC |
water-soluble concentrate |
|
WHO |
World Health Organization |
|
WHOPES |
WHO pesticides evaluation scheme |
|
WP |
wettable powder |
