Promoting Health Through Schools - Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Comprehensive School Health Education and Promotion (WHO, 1997, 104 p.)

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WHO Expert Committee on Comprehensive School Health Education and Promotion

1. Introduction

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1.1 Health and education

1.2 Education and health

1.3 School health programmes

1.4 Efforts to promote health through schools

1.5 The Expert Committee’s terms of reference

1.6 Key themes of the report

2. Trends in school health

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The role of schools

2.4 The current status of knowledge concerning school health

2.5 Rationale for investment in school health programmes

2.6 Strategic planning of school health programmes - from problems to action

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2.6.1 HIV/AIDS

2.6.2 Nutrition and food safety

2.6.3 Tobacco use

2.6.4 Psychological problems

2.6.5 Malaria

2.6.6 Summary

2.7 Challenges to achieving the vision of school health programmes

3. Strengthening school health programmes at the international, national, and local levels

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3.1 Organizational levels involved in school health

3.2 Barriers common to all levels

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3.2.1 Inadequate vision and strategic planning

3.2.2 Inadequate understanding and acceptance

3.2.3 Inadequate collaboration and coordination

3.2.4 Lack of a sense of ownership, responsibility, and accountability

3.2.5 Lack of resources

3.3 International-level barriers

3.4 National-level barriers

3.5 Local-level barriers

3.6 Strategies applicable at all levels

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3.6.1 Vision building and strategic planning

3.6.2 Advocacy

3.6.3 Networking and collaboration

3.6.4 Resource mobilization and allocation

3.6.5 Capacity building

3.6.6 Operations research

3.7 International-level strategies

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3.7.1 Infrastructure development

3.7.2 Advocacy

3.7.3 Social support

3.7.4 Empowerment

3.8 National-level strategies

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3.8.1 Antigua

3.8.2 Bahrain

3.8.3 Canada

3.8.4 The European Network of Health Promoting Schools: Bulgaria’s experience

3.8.5 India

3.8.6 Indonesia

3.8.7 Pakistan

3.8.8 Philippines

3.8.9 United States

3.9 Local-level strategies

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3.9.1 Environment

3.9.2 Health services

3.9.3 Water and sanitation services

3.9.4 Nutritional and food safety services

3.9.5 Counselling, psychological, and social services

3.9.6 Services to improve the health of personnel

3.9.7 Health education

3.9.8 Physical education

3.9.9 Training

3.9.10 Coordinating school health programmes

3.9.11 Key themes

4. Research on school health programmes

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4.1 Some examples of existing knowledge

4.2 Critical needs

4.3 Major questions for research

4.4 Indicators for planning and monitoring school health programmes

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4.4.1 Indicators of health status

4.4.2 Indicators of ability to learn and learning achievement

4.4.3 Indicators of health behaviour

4.4.4 Indicators of the quality of various school health programmes

4.4.5 Improving the use of data

4.5 The health status of young people

4.6 The under-representation of girls in school

4.7 Assessing available infrastructure

4.8 The integration of school health programmes

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4.8.1 School health environment

4.8.2 School health education

4.8.3 School health services

4.9 The cost-effectiveness of comprehensive school health programmes and specific interventions

4.10 The diffusion and adoption of innovations in school health programmes

4.11 The relationship of health to the school organization

4.12 Examples of how research influences practice

4.13 Improving the connection between research and practice

5. Recommendations

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5.1 Principles and priorities

5.2 A call to action

Acknowledgements

References

World Health Organization technical report series

Selected WHO publications of related interest

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