Biological Monitoring: Signals from the Environment (GTZ, 1991): The Use of Bioindicators for Environmental Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Countries: 5. Summary

Biological Monitoring: Signals from the Environment (GTZ, 1991)

The Use of Bioindicators for Environmental Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Countries

		(introduction...)
		1. Introduction
		2. Definitions and basic principles of biological monitoring
		3. Bioindicators in tropical and subtropical countries
		4. Discussion and recommendations
		5. Summary
		References

5. Summary

The present study begins by defining important concepts related to biological monitoring, and goes on to discuss the possibilities and limitations of this approach at all levels, including comprehensive response oriented pollution inventories. Focussing on biological monitoring of atmospheric pollution, a few relatively well-developed techniques from Central Europe are presented. Those chosen for discussion are relevant for the objectives of the study and, after being modified somewhat, could also be applied to other conditions elsewhere.

Based on a review of existing literature on relevant studies conducted in the tropics and subtropics, a number of biological monitoring procedures are then discussed which could be of importance for the developing countries of the tropics and subtropics. The responses of inanimate materials such as steel and rubber to pollution are also given attention.

On the whole, the conclusion is arrived at in the study that, on the basis of what is known today, it would definitely be of advantage to apply and develop biological monitoring in the world's tropical and subtropical countries. Recommendations are also presented on the steps which need to be taken.