Biological Monitoring: Signals from the Environment (GTZ, 1991): Bioindicators and biomonitors in aquatic ecosystems with special attention to potential applications in developing countries: 0. Abstract

Biological Monitoring: Signals from the Environment (GTZ, 1991)

(introduction...)

Acknowledgements

Foreword

Introduction

Bioindicators and Biological Monitoring

(introduction...)

1. Abstract

2. The situation

3. The problem

4. Definitions

(introduction...)

4.1 Relationship between the ''environment'' and ''indicators''

4.2 Qualitative and quantitative biological monitoring

4.3 Bioindicator types

4.4 ''Levels'' of biological monitoring

5. Examples

5.1 The landscape and biome levels

5.2 The ecosystem and biocenosis levels

5.3 The levels of populations and individuals

5.4 Potential for use of biological monitoring techniques in developing countries

6. Conclusions

References

Concept for a biological monitoring study:

(introduction...)

1. The nature of the problem and background information

1.1 The conflict between mining and agriculture on the Andean plateau

1.2 Scope of the case study concept

1.3 Major criteria for biomonitoring of pollution caused by mining and metallurgical operations

2. Study area: the central Andean plateau

2.1 Location and extension

2.2 Natural features

2.3 Population

2.4 Agriculture

2.5 Mining and industry

2.6 Special aspects of environmental contaminants, their effects on living organisms and ecosystems, and their detection by means of bioindicators on the Andean plateau

3. Study approaches

3.1 Studies of the range of distribution and relative intensities of current environmental contaminatron emanating from a source

3.2 Studies of the regional history of contamination by means of peat profiles

3.3 Studies of the long-term effect of contamination on the agriculturally utilized ecosystems of the Andean plateau

3.4 Time frame of study programs

3.5 Required scientific and technical infrastructure in the field and in the country where studies are being performed

4. Summary

References

Bioindicators and biomonitors in aquatic ecosystems with special attention to potential applications in developing countries

(introduction...)

0. Abstract

1. The context

2. Means of detecting water pollution

(introduction...)

2.1 General review of assessment procedures and definitions

3. Biological assessment

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3.1 Saprobic systems: evaluative techniques involving indicator organisms and related methods

3.2 Evaluation of water quality with the aid of biomonitors

4. Water evaluation by remote sensing

5. Summary: Use of bioindicators and biomonitors in developing countries

References

The Use of Bioindicators for Environmental Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Countries

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Definitions and basic principles of biological monitoring

3. Bioindicators in tropical and subtropical countries

(introduction...)

3.1 Pointer species and pointer communities

3.2 Response indicators

3.3 Accumulative indicators

4. Discussion and recommendations

5. Summary

References

Bioindicators for monitoring of atmospheric pollutants in Asian countries

(introduction...)

1. Introduction

2. Applied biological monitoring techniques in Asia, with special consideration given-to the developing countries

2.1 Fumigation and dusting experiments as the basis for selection of biological indicators

2.2 Active monitoring

2.3 Passive monitoring

3. Summary in table form of the surveyed publications

(introduction...)

3.1 India

3.2 China

3.3 Hong Kong

3.4 Other countries

4. Conclusions

References

Chemical Substances and Compounds

Glossary

0. Abstract

In this article, biological water evaluation techniques are discussed in the light of their development and their current practical applications, illustrated by examples. A distinction is made between use of bioindicators, i. e. water quality evaluation with the saprobic classification system, and methods that make use of biomonitors or monitor species, i. e. species that assimilate and accumulate contaminants. The question as to the transferability of the methods used widely in Europe and North America to developing countries is examined and in general positively assessed.