Basic Concepts in Environment, Agriculture and Natural Resources Management: An Information Kit (International Institute for Rural Reconstruction (IIRR)): Freshwater and marine ecosystems: Freshwater ecosystems

Basic Concepts in Environment, Agriculture and Natural Resources Management: An Information Kit (International Institute for Rural Reconstruction (IIRR))

Freshwater and marine ecosystems

		Freshwater ecosystems
		Estuarine-mudflat ecosystems
		Seagrass ecosystems
		Mangrove ecosystems
		Coral reef ecosystems
		Human intrusions into the water cycle
		Diversity of coastal and marine resources
		Philippine marine fisheries
		Marine turtles
		Marine food web
		Ocean pastures
		The menace of algal bloom
		Red tide (Dynamics and public health aspects)

Freshwater ecosystems

1. Spring/brooks - 2. Ponds/Dams

Problems/Issues

Definitions:

Spring/Brooks

Upwelling and flowing groundwater that usually drains into a catchement area called brooks, e. g., Los Baños hot springs; Tiwi Hot Springs; Hidden Valley (Alaminos, Laguna); natural springs

2. Ponds/Dams/Reservoirs
A body of water naturally/artificially impounded for sustainable domestic/fishery, agricultural, industrial uses, e.g.,Angat Dam; Ambuklao Dam and Sta. Mesa Filtering Plant; other fish ponds.

Statistics: 59 dams and reservoirs with a total of about 33,000 hectares.

Lakes/Swamps

5. Lakes
Confined static bodies of water where streams and river flow.

Example: Laguna Lake; Taal Lake; Lake Naujan.

Statistics: 70 lakes with a total of 200,000 hectares.

6. Swamplands
Areas of shallow and stagnant water in which conditions are domminated by closely-packed vegetation, often emergent such as trees, palm and weeds.

Example: Candaba Swamp