Under the Sun or in the Shade? Jua Kali in African Countries - National Policy Definition in Technical and Vocational Education: Beyond the Formal Sector (UNEVOC, 1997, 80 p.): 5. Participants' Presentations: 5.1 A Position Paper: “Technical and Vocational Education and Training Policy in Kenya” by Mr Peter O. OKAKA: (9) Women in TVET

Under the Sun or in the Shade? Jua Kali in African Countries - National Policy Definition in Technical and Vocational Education: Beyond the Formal Sector (UNEVOC, 1997, 80 p.)

5. Participants' Presentations

5.1 A Position Paper: “Technical and Vocational Education and Training Policy in Kenya” by Mr Peter O. OKAKA

		(introduction...)
		(1) Population
		(2) Economic situation
		(3) Human resource development
		(4) Labour market issues
		(5) Technical and vocational education and training system
		(6) Objectives of technical and vocational education and training
		(7) TVET programmes - policy guidelines
		(8) Summary of recommendations
		(9) Women in TVET
		(10) Technical teacher training programmes
		(11) Financing of the TVET
		(12) Conclusion and future focus

(9) Women in TVET

Women comprise approximately 50% of the world population, yet according to the available statistics, nearly 70% of the low-income earners are women.

In Kenya, the present comparative figures in education and training are not very encouraging. In Primary Schools, the population of girls is slightly above 50% and in Secondary Schools it is approximately 40%. In Technical Training Programmes at tertiary level, it is as low as 3%.

In a country geared for industrial take off, it means that the job opportunities for girls and women are going to be seriously affected. However, it is important to note that the programmes introduced under the 8:4:4 system of education are non-discriminatory. The major issues are more of cultural aspects which need to be focused.