ANNEXE
APPENDICESAPPENDIX
- I
Cultivated crop plants of Bangladesh
Crop Scientific Name Growing Season Status
Cereals
Rice Oryza sativa Rabi and Kharif Major
Wheat Triticum aestivum Rabi Major
Maize Zea mays Rabi and Kharif Minor
Barley Hordeum vulgare Rabi Minor
Pearl Millet Panicum miliaceum Rabi Minor
Fox Tail Millet Setaria italica Rabi Minor
Triticale Triticale Rabi Minor
Pulses (Grain
legumes)
Grasspea Lathyrus sativus Rabi Major
Lentil Lens culinaris Rabi Major
Chickpea Cicer arietinum Rabi Major
Mungbean Vigna radiata Rabi Major
Blackgram Vigna mungo Rabi Minor
Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan Rabi and Kharif Minor
Cowpea Vigna unguiculata Rabi and Kharif Minor
Oilseeds
Mustard Brassica spp. Rabi Major
Groundnut Arachis hypogea Rabi and Kharif Major
Sesame Sesamum indicum Rabi and Kharif Major
Linseed Linum usitatissimum Rabi Minor
Niger Guizotia abyssinica Rabi Minor
Safflower Carthamus tinctorius Rabi and Kharif Minor
Coconut Cocos nucifera Round the year Major
Vegetables
Brinjal (Eggplant) Solanum melongena Rabi and Kharif Major
Radish Raphanus sativus Rabi Major
Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria Rabi Major
Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Rabi Minor
Squash Cucurbita moschata/pepo Rabi and Kharif Major
Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima Rabi Minor
Cucumber Cucumis sativus Kharif Major
Marfa, Phuti Cucumis melo Rabi Minor
Bitter gourd Momordica charantia Kharif Minor
Teasle gourd Momordica dioica Kharif Major
Snake gourd Trichosanthes anguina Kharif Minor
Amaranth Amaranthus spp./gangeticus Rabi and Kharif Minor
Spinach Spinacea oleracea Rabi Minor
Lima bean Phaseolus lunatus Rabi Minor
French bean Phaseolus vulgaris Rabi Minor
Country bean Dolichos purpureus Rabi Major
Ribbed gourd Luffa acutungula Rabi Minor
Songe gourd Luffa cylindrica Kharif Minor
Indian spinach Basella alba Kharif Minor
Okra Abelmoschus escunletus Kharif Major
Ash gourd Benincasa hispida (B. Kharif Major
cerifera)
Cheena sak Brassica spp. Rabi Major
Bathua Chenopodium album Rabi Minor
(Appendix-I contd.)
Crop (Vegetables Scientific Name Growing Season Status
contd.)
Water melon Citrulus vulgaris Kharif Major
Kalmi sak Ipomea aquarica (I. reptans) Kharif Minor
Winged bean Psophocarpus tetragonolobus Rabi Minor
Potato Solanum tuberosum Rabi Major
Sweet potato Ipomoea batatus Rabi Major
Arum Colocasia esculenta Round the year Major
Yam bean,Shak aku Pachyrrhizus tuberosus Round the year Minor
Yam Dioscorea spp. Minor
Spices
Chilli Capsicum annum/frutescens Rabi and Kharif Major
Turmeric Curcuma domestica/longa Rabi Major
Coriander Coriandrum sativum Rabi Minor
Black cumin Nigella sativa Rabi Minor
Fenugreek (Methi) Trigonella foenum-graceum Rabi Minor
Black pepper Piper nigrum Rabi Minor
Cuminseeds (Jeera) Cuminum cyminum Rabi Minor
Ginger Zingiber officinale Rabi Major
Onion Allium cepa Rabi Major
Garlic Allium sativum Rabi Major
Join Carum capticum Rabi Minor
Fruits
Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus A tree, fruits in Major
Kharif
Mango Mangifera indica A tree, fruits in Major
Kharif
Litchi Litchi chinensis A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Guava Psidium guajava A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Watermelon Citrullus lanatus (C. vulgaris) Rabi Major
Lime Citrus aurantifolia A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Lemon Citrus limon A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Pomelo Citrus grandis A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Mandarin Citrus reticulata Rabi Minor
Sweet orange (Malta) Citrus sinensis A tree, fruits in Rabi Minor
Carambola (Kamranga) Averrhoa carambola A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Fibre crops
Cotton Gossypium spp. Rabi and Kharif Minor
Jute Corchorus spp. Kharif Major
Mesta and Kenaf Hibiscus spp. Kharif Minor
Sunnhemp Crotalaria juncea Rabi Minor
Sugar crops
Sugarcane Saccharum officinale Rabi and Kharif Major
Date palm Phoenix sylvestris A tree, fruits in Minor
Kharif
Beverage
Tea Camellia sinensis A tree, harvested in Major
Kharif
Narcotics
Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum, N. rustica Rabi Minor
Green manuring crops
Sunnhemp Crotalaria juncea Rabi Minor
Sesbania (Shon pat) Sesbania spp. Kharif Minor
Source: Mondal, M. H. 1990. Plant genetic resources activities in Bangladesh. Proc.
South Asia National Coordinators Meeting, 21-24 March, 1990, held at IBPGR Regional
Office for South Asia, NBPGR Campus, Pusa, New Delhi - 110 012, India.
APPENDIX - II
Edible fruit species in Bangladesh forests
SL. Species Family Description Distribution
No.
1. Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae Small deciduous Chittagong,
(L.f.) Wangerin (Aikha, tree or straggling Chittagong Hill
Ankura, Akarkanta) shrub Tracts, village
groves
2. Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae Tall deciduous tree Chittagong Hill
(lamk.) Rich ex Walp. Tracts, Dhaka,
(Kadam) Mymensingh, Dinajpur
3. Antidesma ghaesembilla Euphorbiacea Deciduous shrub or Chittagong,
Gaertn. (Khudijam) e small tree Chittagong Hill
Tracts, Cox's
Bazar, Dhaka,
Dinajpur
4. Artocarpus chaplasha Moraceae Large deciduous Chittagong, Cox's
Roxb. (Chaplash, tree Bazar, Chittagong
Chambal) Hill Tracts, Dhaka,
Dinajpur, Sylhet,
Madhupur
5. Artocarpus lakoocha Moraceae Medium sized Chittagong, Cox's
Roxb. (Dewa) deciduous tree Bazar, Chittagong
Hill Tracts, Dhaka,
Dinajpur, Sylhet,
Madhupur
6. Baccaurea ramiflora Euphorbiacea Small to medium Chittagong, Cox's
(Roxb.) Muell-Arg. e sized evergreen Bazar, Chittagong
Lour. (B. sapida) tree Hill Tracts, Sylhet
(Latka) (usually in shady
places)
7. Bauhinia vahlii W. et Caesalpiniac Gigantic Dhaka, Mymensingh,
A. (Chehur) eae tredrillar woody (small forests)
climber (attaining
35 m and 60 m
diameter
8. Buchanania lanzan Anacardiacea Medium sized Chittagong, Cox's
Spreng. (B. latifolia e evergreen tree Bazar, Chittagong
Roxb.) (Trunk looks like Hill Tracts,
crocodile skin) Sundarbans
9. Bauea burmanica Griff. Anacardiacea Medium sized Chittagong, Cox's
e evergreen tree Bazar, Chittagong
Hill Tracts,
Dhaka,Mymensingh,Syl
het.
10. Bridelia retusa Spreng. Euphorbiacea Small to medium Chittagong,
(Kamkui, Kantakhasi, e sized deciduous Chittagong Hill
Kosoi) tree Tracts,
Dhaka,Mymensingh
11. Calamus erectus Roxb. Palmae Erect, tuft, very Chittagong,
(Kadam Bet) thorny cane Chittagong Hill
Tracts, Sylhet
12. Calamus rotung L. Palmae Slender climbing Chittagong,
(Chanci Bet) C. tenuis cane with long stem HillTracts,
Roxb. (Bhandari Bet) Sunamganj,Sundar-ban
s
13. Carallia brachiata Rhizophorace Medium sized to Chittagong, Cox's
(Lour.) Merr. (C. ae tall evergreen Bazar, Chittagong
lucida Roxb.) (Rajcow, tree with Hill Tracts,
Khenargachh) horizontal Mymensingh,Sylhet
branches green
thick leaves
14. Cleistocalyx Myrtaceae Small to medium Chittagong
operaculatus (Roxb.) sized tree, thick (Andhermanik &
Herr. & Perry (Eugenia leaves with small Dhoom) growing in
operculata Roxb.) of jam (?) when Savanas, Madhupur
(Tepajam, Thengajam, bruised and turn sal forest,
Batijam) red or purplish Dinajpur (Singra).
when shedding
15. Cordia dichotoma Forest Ehretiaceae Medium sized Chittagong, Cox's
f. (C. myxa Roxb.) deciduous tree Bazar, Chittagong
(Bahanari, Laskkara) Hill Tracts,
Mymensingh,Sylhet
16. Dillenia indica L. Dilleniaceae Medium sized semi Chittagong, Cox's
(Chalta) deciduous tree Bazar, Chittagong
with redish smooth Hill Tracts, in
bark villages throughout
Appendix II (contd.)
SL.No Species Family Description Distribution
.
17. Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae Medium sized to Chittagong, Cox's
Roxb. (Hargoja, Akshi, large deciduous Bazar, Chittagong
karkota. Ajugi) tree Hill Tracts, Dhaka,
Mymensingh,Sylhet
(usually growing
inSavanas)
18. Diospyros peregrina Ebenaceae Small to medium Grows wild in
Gaertn,. (D. sized evergreen different forests
embryopteris Pers.) tree fluted lofty
(Deshi Gab) black trunk
19. Diospyros toposia Ebenaceae Medium sized to Chittagong,
(Buch.) Ham (D. large evergreen Chittagong Hill
racemosa Roxb.) tree with black Tracts, usually
(Gabgulal) rough bark growing in moist
places
20. Ehretia acuminata R. Ehretiaceae Small to medium Chittagong,
Br. (E. serrata Roxb.) sized semi Chittagong Hill
(Kaloaza, Kulaza) evergreen tree Tracts, Sylhet
21. Elaeocarpus Medium sized Chittagong,
floribundus Blume. Elaeocarpace evergreen tree Chittagong Hill
(Belphol) E. robusta ae with alwayas some Tracts, Sylhet,
Roxb. (Jalpai) (E. crimson redish old Mymensingh
tectorius (Lour.) leaves
Poir.)
22. Emblica officinalis Euphorbiacea Small to medium Chittagong,
Gaertn. Phyllanthus e sized deciduous Chittagong Hill
emblica L. tree with Tracts, Sylhet,
beautiful Dhaka, Mymensingh.
pinnately compound Dinajpur
leaf-like foliage
although the
leaves are simple
23. Erioglossum rubiginosum Sapi ndaceae Evergreen large Chittagong,
Blume. E. edule Blume shrub or small to Chittagong Hill
(Amlaki) medium sized tree Tracts, and villages
with young parts
densely covered by
rusty golden
tomentum
24. Ficus auriculatus Lour. Moraceae Small to medium Chittagong Hill
F. roxburghii Wall. F. sized very silky Tracts, Sitapahar,
macrophylla Roxb. evergreen tree on Kaptai Road.
(Dumur)
25. Ficus racemosa L. (F. Moraceae Medioum sized Chittagong,
glomerata Roxb.) tree, deciduous Chittagong Hill
(Jagdumur) for short time Tracts, Cox's Bazar
with redish broen and throughout the
smooth bark country
26. Ficus hispida L. Moraceae Large shrub or Grows in all forest
(Tkoska, Kakdumur) small tree with areas and in waste
l;arge opposite, places throughout
very coarse the country
(hairy) leaves.
27. Firmiana colorata Roxb. Sterculiacea Medium sized Chittagong,
R. Br.(Sterculia e deciduous tree Chittagong Hill
colorata Roxb.) (Faisa Tracts, Sylhet,
Udal, Pata Gota) Dhaka, Mymensingh
28. Flacourtia jangomas Flacourtiace Small to medium Chittagong,
(Lour.) Raeusch, ae sized deciduous Chittagong Hill
(Paniala, Kukluki) F. tree with compound Tracts, Cox's
cataphracta Roxb. ex branched spines on Bazar, Sylhet.
Willd. (Ujal) the main trunk
29. Flacourtia indica Flacourtiace Much thorny bushy Chittagong, Cox's
(Burm. f.) Merr. (F. ae deciduous shrub to Bazar, Sylhet.
ramontchii (L.) small tree Mymensingh, Dhaka
Heritt.;F. sepiaria
Roxb. ) (Beuchi,
Paniala)
30. Garcinia cowa Roxb. G. Guttifereae Tall evergree Chittagong,
kydia Roxb. (Kaglichu) glabrous tree with Chittagong Hill
drooping branches Tracts, Sylhet
and exuding yellow
latex
Appendix-II (contd)
SL.No Species Family Descriprion Distribution
.
31. Garcinia xanthochymus Guttifereae Medium sized Chittagong Hill
Hook.f. (Tamal, Dambel) semi-deciduous Tracts
tree with copious
yellow latex
32. Grewia tiliaefolia Tiliaceae Medium sized Chittagong, Hill
Vahl.(Dhaman) deciduous tree Tracts
33. Madhuca indica J.F. Sapotaceae Medium sized Forests of Dinajpur
Gmell. M. latifolia deciduous tree (Dharmapur, Santal
Roxb. Bassia latifolia with white latex Village)
Roxb. (Mahua) and large leathery
leaves crowded at
the end of branches
34. Mangifera sylvatica Anacardiacea Large evergreen Chittagong,
Roxb. (Jangli Am) e tree Chittagong Hill
Tracts, Cox's
Bazar, Sylhet
35. Melastroma Melastomacea Bushy shrub with Chittagong, Cox's
malabathricum L. e purple coloured Bazar, Sylhet,
(Datranga, Lutki) flowers
36. Microcos paniculata L. Melastomacea Small to medium Chittagong,
Grewia microcos Wall. e sized tree or shrub Chittagong Hill
ex Mast. (Asar, Patka) Tracts, Cox's
Bazar, Sylhet
37. Nypa fruticans Palmae Stemless Chittagong, Hill
Wurmb.(Golpata) Tracts, Sylhet
38. Paramigyna citrifolia Rutaceae Spiny scandant Chittagong,
Hook. f. (Ban Nebu, shrub with Chittagong Hill
Karipa) recurved spines Tracts, Sylhet
39. Parkia roxburghii G. Mimosaceae Tall unarmed tree, Chittagong,
Don. P. javanica bipinnate leaves Chittagong Hill
Merr.(Sapota) and small leaflets. Tracts (Bandarban)
40. Phoenix paludosa Roxb. Palmae Soboliferous Mangrove forests of
(Hintal) gregarious palm Sundarbans.
(bushy when young)
can grow stem up
to 6m
41. Randia spinosa Poir. Rubiaceae Small deciduous Chittagong, Hill
R. dumetorum tree or large shrub Tracts, Cox's
Lam.(Mainphal) Bazar,
Sylhet,Dhaka,Dinajpu
r
42. Randia uliginosa DC. Rubiaceae Small to medium Sylhet, Chittagong
(Piralu) sized tree or Hill Tracts
large shrub with
redish brown bark
43. Rhizophora mucronata Rhizophorace Small to mid- Sundarbana oand
Poir. (Haoa, Khamo, ae sized tree with other tidal forests
Jhanna) leathery leaves
,stilt roots
44. Sarcolobus globosus Asclepiadace Glabrous trwining Sundarbans and
Wall. (Baolilata) ae shrub tidal creeks of
Chgittagong
45. Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Lartge deciduous Dhaka, Chittagong,
(Lour.) Oken. S. tree with much Mymensingh
trijuga Willd. (Kusum, fluted knotty trunk
Lakkha)
46. Semicarpus anacardium Anacardiacea Small deciduous Mymensingh, Dhaka,
L. (Beula, Bhelatuki) e tree with large Chittagong,
leaves corowded at Chittagong Hill
the end of the Tracts
branchlets
47. Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpa Mid-sized Dhaka, Mymensingh,
(Gajari) ceae semideciduous tree Comilla, Sal;illa
of Sylhet
48. Sonneratia caseolaris Sonneratiace Small to medium Sundarbans and
L. (S. acida L.) ae sized evergreen other coastal areas
(Orali, Choila) tree with yellow
drooping branches
49. Spondias pinnata (L.) Anacardiacea Medium sized to Chittagong, Dhaka,
Kurz. (Amra) S. e large deciduous Cox's Bazar and
mangifera Willd. Anacardiacea tree villages throughout
(Amletung) e the country
50. Sterculia foetida L. Sterculiacea Tall deciduous Cox's Bazar and
(Jangli Badam) e tree with nearly Chittagong
horizontal whorled
branches and
digitate
51. Stixis suaveolens Caparidiacea Large unarmed Chittagong Hill
(Roxb.) Pierre. e woody climber Tracts and
(Roydsia sauveolens Chittagong
Roxb.)
52. Syzygium claviforum Myrtaceae Medium sized Chittagong, Cox's
Roxb. Wall ex Cowan & evergreen tree Bazar and
Cowan. (Nalijam) Chittagong Hill
Tracts
53. Syzygium fruticosum Myrtaceae Small tree and Almost all forest
(Roxb.) D.C. Eugenia large shrub areas and waste
fruticosa Roxb. falloe land in
(Banjam, Khudijam) villages
54. Syzygium macrocarpa Myrtaceae Small to medium Chittagong
Eugenia macrocarpa sized tree (hazarikhil), Cox's
Roxb. Bazar, Sylhet
55. Terminalia belerica Combretaceae Tall deciduous tree Chittagong,
(Gaertn.) Roxb.(Bahera, Chittagong Hill
Baragachh) Tracts, Dhaka,
Mymensingh
56. Terminilia catappa L. Combretaceae Tall deciduous Chittagong,
(Deshi Badam, Kath tree with whorled Chittagong Hill
Badam) branching habit Tracts
and the leaves
clustered at the
end of branhes
57. Terminilia chebula Combretaceae Middle sized to Chittagong, Cox's
Retz and T. citrina large deciduous Bazar (Chunati),
Roxb. ex tree Hill Tracts
Flem.(Haritaki)
58. Willughbea edulis Apocynaceae Large woody Almost all forest
Roxb. (Lata Am, Lali climbing shrub areas and in
Am) with dark brown villages
bark having milky
latex
59. Zizyphus oenoplea (L.) Rhamnaceae Scrambling Almost all forest
Mill. (Ban Boroi, Got climbing shrubwith areas & in villages
Boroi) short, often
solitary prickles
at the base of the
leaves
60. Zizyphus rugosa Lamk. Rhamnaceae Large deciduous Chittagong
(Anai, Jangli Boroi) scrambling armed (Hinguli), Sylhet
shrub or small tree (Borshijura), Dhaka
(Sreipur) and
Dinajpur
Source:
Das, D.K. 1987. Edible fruits of Bangladesh forests. Bull. No. 3 Plant Taxonomy
Series, BFRI, 16 pp. Local name(s)in parenthesis (bold letters) APPENDIX - III
Medicinal plants available in Bangladesh
Sl. No. Species name Local name Family Location
1. Abroma augusta L. Ulatkambal Sterculiacea All over the country
e
2. Abelmoschus Bhindi, Dheras, Okra Malvaceae All over the country
esculentus W &
A.(Hibiscus
esculentus L.)
3. Abrus precatorius Kunch, Rati, Chanyi, Leguminosae Dhaka, Chittagong,
L.. Kaich, Gungchi, Gujna Chittagong Hill
Tracts,
Mymensingh,Sylhet
4. Abutilon indicum Petari, Jhampi, Jhumka Malvaceae All over the
(L.) (Sweet.) G. country
Don
5. Acalypha indica L. Muktajhuri, Biral Euphorbiacea All over the country
hatchi, Swetbasanta e
6. Achyranthes aspera Apang, Upatlangra Amaranthacea All over the country
L. e
7. Acorus calamus L. Bach, Gharbach, Araceae All over the
Swetbach country, especially
in low lying areas
of Dinajpur
8. Adhatoda vasica Basak, Bakas, Adulsa Acanthaceae All over the
Nees. country, especially
in low lying areas
of Dinajpur
9. Aegle marmelos Bel Rutaceae All over the
(L.) Correa country, especially
in low lying areas
of Dinajpur
10. Agati grandiflora Bakphul, Agasta, Leguminasae All over the
Desv. (Sesbania Buko, Bak, Agati country, especially
grandiflora (L.) in low lying areas
Pers.) of Dinajpur
11. Alangium Baghankura, Dhalakura Alangiaceae All over the
salvifolium Thw. country, especially
in low lying areas
of Dinajpur
12. Aloe vera Tawin. Ghritakanchan, Agavaceae All over the
(A. barbadensis Gheekachu, country, especially
Mill.) Ghritakumari, in low lying areas
Musabbar of Dinajpur
13. Amaranthus Kanta Notey, Kanta Amaranthacea All over the
spinosus Willd. Denga, Katamiris e country, especially
in low lying areas
of Dinajpur
14. Andrographis Kalomegh, Mahatita Acanthaceae Dinajpur,
paniculata (Burm Chittagong,
f.) Wall ex Nees Chittagong Hill
Tracts
15. Cymbopogon Lemonghas, Gandhatrina Gramineae All over Bangladesh
citratus (DC) Stapf
16. Annona squamosa L. Ata, Sharifa, Annonaceae All over Bangladesh
Sitaphal, Luna
17. Argemone mexicana Shial Kanta, Bara Papavaraceae All over Bangladesh
L. Shial Kanta,
Kengrabiji
18. Aristolochia Iswarar Mul Aristolochia All over
indica L. ceae Bangladesh,
especially in
Chittagong, Hill
Tracts
19.. Asparagus Shata Muli, Hilum Liliaceae Madhupur, Sylhet,
racemosus Willd Chittagong
20. Boerhaavia repens Punarnava, Nyctaginacea Dhaka, Mymensingh,
L. (B. diffusa L.) Gandhapurna, Swetpurna e Chittagong, Dinajpur
21. Bryophyllum Patharkuchi, Crassulaceae All over Bangladesh
calycinum Salisb. Patiapuri, Kafpata
22. Caesalpinia crista Let Kanta Leguminosae All over
L. (C. nuga L.) Bangladesh,Chittagon
g, Hill tracts, and
estuarine areas
23. Calophyllum Sultan Champa, Guttifereae Along the sea shore
inophyllum L. Punnag, Kannyal, Nag and inland in
Champa, Gulab, Kath Barisal district
Champa, Panial
24. Calotropis Bara Akand, Gur Akand Asclepiadace All over Bangladesh
gigantea R. Br. ae
25. Canna orientalis Sarbajaya, Phena Cannaceae All over Bangladesh
Rosc.(C. indica L.)
26. Canscora decussata Daukuni Gentianaceae All over Bangladesh
(Roxb.) Roem &
Schultz
27. Cassia alata L. Dad Mardan, Dadmari Leguminseae All over Bangladesh
28. Clerodendrum Bhant, Ghetu, Verbenaceae All over Bangladesh
viscosum Gaertn. Ghetuphul
29. Clitoria ternatea Aparajita, Nila Leguminosae All over Bangladesh
L. Aparajita
30. Coccinea Telakucha, Vinbu, Kak Cucurbitacea All over Bangladesh
cordifolia (L.) Jhinga, Kawoaluli, e
Cogn. (C. indica W Kanduri, Kuchila,
& A.) Mamakola, Makal
31. Curcuma amada Amada, Faliya Zingiberacea All over Bangladesh
Roxb. e
Appendix-III (contd.)
Sl No. Species name Local name Family Distribution
32. Curcuma aromatica Ban Haldi, Jangli Zingiberacea All over Bangladesh
Salisb. (C. Haldi e
zeodaria Roxb.)
33. Curcuma zedoaria Shathi, Ekangi, Zingiberacea All over Bangladesh
Rosc. Phaulga, Kachuri e
34, Datura innoxia Dhutra Solanceae All over Bangladesh
Mill. (D. metel
(L.) Sims.
35. Datura stramonium Dhutra Solanaceae All over Bangladesh
L.
36. Eclipta alba (L.) Kesuti, Kesaraj, Asteraceae All over Bangladesh
Hassk. Keoti, Kalo Keshi,
Bhangra,
37. Eclipta erecta L. Bhimraj Asteraceae All over Bangladesh
(E. prostata L.)
38. Eupatorium Assam Lata, Bara Asteraceae All over Bangladesh
odoratum L. Shialmuti, German
Lata, Pishab
39. Euphorbia Tesra Mansha, Euphorbiacea All over Bangladesh
antiquorum L. Nerasij, Sibgach, e
Tiktasij, Bajbaran
40. Eupatorium ayapana Ayapan Asteraceae All over Bangladesh
Vent.
41. Ficus hispida L. Kak Dumur, Dumur, Moraceae All over Bangladesh
Dhungri, Thoska
42. Heliotropium Hati Sur, Hatisud Boraginaceae All over Bangladesh
indicum L.
43. Hemidesmus indicus Anantamul Asclepiadace Mymensingh,
R. Br. ae Sundarbans, Sylhet
44. Holarrhena Kurchi, Kuteswar, Apocynaceae Dhaka, Chittagong,
antidysenterica Kuruz, Kuruchi, Chittagong Hill
(Heyne ex Roth.) Indrejab, Grimallika, Tracts, Mymensingh,
Wall. Kutuz Sylhet, Dinajpur
45. Hydnocarpus kurzii Chaulmoogra, Bolgach, Flacourtiace Chittagong,
(King) Warb. Hiddigach ae Chittagong Hill
(Teraktogenes Tracts
kurzii King)
46. Hydrocotyle Thankuni, Thulkuri, Umbelliferea All over Bangladesh
asiatica L. Brahmanbuti e
47. Ipomea digitata L. ? Convolvulace All over Bangladesh
ae
48. Ipomea hederacea Nil Kalmi Convolvulace All over Bangladesh
Jacq. (I. nil ae
Meissn)
49. Ipomea turpethum Noapata, Tori, Convolvulace All over Bangladesh
(L.) R. Br. Cheuri, Dudh Kalmi ae
50. Ixora coccinia L. Rangan (Lal), Rajana Rubiaceae All over Bangladesh
51. Jasminum sambac Beli, BanaMallika, Oleaceae All over Bangladesh
(L.) Ait. Malshi, Mogra
52. Jatropha curcas L. Baghverenda, Euphorbiacea All over Bangladesh
Banbherenda e
53. Jatropha Lalbherenda, Nikunta Euphorbiacea All over Bangladesh
gossypifolia Roxb. e
54. Lawsonia inermis Mendi, Mehedi, Hena, Lythraceae All over Bangladesh
L. (L. alba Lamk.) Sudi
55. Leucas aspera Dulfi, Dandakalash, Labiateae All over Bangladesh
(Willd.) Spreng Swetadrone
56. Mollotus Kamela, Sindur Euphorbiacea Sylhet, Chittagong,
philipinensis e Chittagong Hill
Muell. Arg Tracts, Dinajpur,
Dhaka, Myemsnsingh
57. Mentha spicata L. Pudina Labiateae All over Bangladesh
(M. viridis L.)
58. Mimosa pudica L. Lajjabati, Lajak Leguminaseae All over Bangladesh
(Mimosae)
59. Mirabilis jalapa Sandha Malati, Nyctaginacea All over Bangladesh
L. Sandhamoni, e
Krishnakoli
60. Moringa oleifera Sajina, Sanja Moringaceae All over Bangladesh
Lam.
61. Nelumbo nucifera Padma, Raktapadma Nymphaeaceae All over Bangladesh
Gaertn. (Nelumbium
speciosum Willd.)
62. Nerium indicum Karabi, Rakta Karabi Apocynaceae All over Bangladesh
Mill. (N. odorum
(Ait.) Soland)
63. Nyctanthes Seuli, Shephalika, Oleaceae All over Bangladesh
arbor-tristis L. Singhra, Harshinghra,
Shefali
Appendix-III (contd.)
Sl. No. Species name Local name Family Location
64. Ocimum sanctum L. Kalo Tulsi, Tulsi Labiateae All over Bangladesh
65. Ocimum basilicum L. Babui Tulsi, Dulal Labiateae All over Bangladesh
Tulsi, Sada Tulshi,
Sabja
66. Opuntia dillenii Phani Mansha, Cactaceae All over Bangladesh
Haw. Nagkana, Nagphana,
Bidar
67. Phyllanthus Amlaki, Amla, Aula Euphorbiacea Chittagong,
emblica L. e Chittagong Hill
(Emblica Tracts, Mymensingh,
officinalis Dinajpur
Gaertn,)
68. Piper longum L. Pipla, Pipul Piperaceae Chittagong,
Chittagong Hill
Tracts, Mymensingh,
Dinajpur, mostly in
Sylhet
69. Plumbago indica Raktachita,Raktachitra Plumbaginace All over Bangladesh
L. (P. rosea L.) Agnichita, Lalchita, ae
70. Plumbago zeylanica Chita, Chitra, Chitrak Plumbaginace All over Bangladesh
L. ae
71. Portulaca oleracea Bara Laniya, Bara Portulacacea All over Bangladesh
L. Nunia e
72. Randia dumetorum Mankanta, Manphal, Rubiaceae Chittagong, Sylhet,
Lamk. Mainkanta, Belong, Mymensingh
Mainphal, Pendel
73. Rauwolfia Sarpagandha, Chhota Apocynaceae Chittagong, Sylhet,
serpentina Benth Chadar, Chhota Chand Mymensingh
74. Rauwolfia Bara Chadar Apocynaceae Chittagong,
canescens L. Sylhet,Mymensingh
75. Ricinus communis Venna, Bherenda, Euphorbiacea All over Bangladesh
L. Reri, Gab Bherenda e
76. Sapindus Bara Ritha Sapindaceae Chittagong
trifoliatus L.
77. Saraca indica L. Ashoke Leguminoseae Chittagong,
Chittagong Hill
Tracts
78. Sida acuta Burm. Kureta, Urisia Malvaceae All over Bangladesh
79. Sida cordifolia L. Berela, Bola Kureta Malvaceae All over Bangladesh
80. Smilax macrophylla Bulkumia, Kumari Liliaceae All over Bangladesh
Roxb. Lata, Bara Kumari
Lata, Kamarika
Muktajhuri
81. Solanum nigrum L. Kakmachi, Gurkamai, Solanaceae All over Bangladesh
Phuti Begun
82. Solanum Kantakini, Kantakiri Solanaceae All over Bangladesh
xanthocarpum
Schrad. & Wend.
83. Streblus asper Ash sheora, Harbi, Urticaceae All over Bangladesh
Lour Khirnasta, Harbon, (Moraceae)
Hekra
84. Tephrosia purpurea Bannil, Lohamori, Leguminaseae Dhaka, Chittagong,
Pers. Sarpunkha Sylhet, Mymensingh
85. Tinospora Gulancha Menispermace Dhaka, Chittagong,
cordifolia ( ae Sylhet, Mymensingh
Willd.) Hook f
86. Tylophora indica Anantamul Asclepiadace Dhaka, Chittagong
(Burm. f.) Merr. ae
(T. asthmatica Wt.
& Arn.)
87. Vitex negundo L. Nishinda, Bara Verbenaceae All over Bangladesh
Nishinda, Sabdbhalu,
Nigunda, Samalu
88. Vitex peduncularis Harina, Arsol, Verbenaceae Dhaka, Chittagong
Baruna, Goda
89. Vitis Harbhanga Lata, Vitaceae All over Bangladesh
quadrangularis Harjora, Marmaria Lata
Wall
90. Woodfordia Dhaiphul, Dhain, Lythraceae Chittagong, Hill
floribunda Salis. Urisia Tracts
91. Xanthium indicum Ghagra, Lehra Asteraceae All over Bangladesh
Koenig
(Xanthium Chhota Ghagra, Asteraceae All over Bangladesh
strumarium L.) Bichaphal, Banokra,
Khagra
Source:
Rashid, M. H., M. Mohiuddin and R. A. Chowdhury. 1988. Short descriprions of
medicinal plants of Bangladesh (in Bangla). Bulletin No. 1. MFP Series., BFRI. 27 pp.
APPENDIX - IV
Crop plants and their wild relatives/ allied species available in Bangladesh
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Agavaceae Dwarf Agave anguistifolia Agave Wild
Sisal
A. cantula Roxb. (A. Agave. Cantala, Bilati Wild/
americanaL.) Pat, Konga, Bilati Cultivatd
Anaras, Bakas Pata,
Ghaial
Bow-string Sansevieria Murba, Sutahara, Suti Cultivate
Hemp hyacinthoides (L.) mukhi d
Druce (S. zeylinica
(L.) Willd)
Amaranthacea Amaranths Amaranthus gangeticus Lalshak, Denga, Kanka Cultivate
e L. Nati d
A. lividus Roxb. Gobroa Natey Wild
A. polygamus L. Champa Notey, Lalchamla Wild
Notey, Swetmugra
A. spinosus L. Kanta Notey, Kantamiris Wild
A. tenuifolius Willd. Genti Notey, Delechukali Wild
A. tricolor L. (A. Lalshak, Denga, Kankanati Cultivate
gangeticus L.) d
A. viridis L. Notey, Notey Shak Wild/
Cultivate
d
A. viridis L. var. Bon Notey, Tuntuni Notey Wlld
fasciata
Anacardiacea Mango Mangifera indica L. Aam Cultivate
e d
M. longipes Griff. Jangli Aam, UriAam Wild
M. sylvatica Roxb. Jangli Aam, Lakhi Aam, Wild
Uri Aam
Cashewnut Anacardium occidentale Kaju, Kaju Badam, Hujli Cultivate
L. Badam d
Annonaceae Anona reticulata L. Nona, Nona Ata, Ram Cultivate
Phal, Badla Ata d
A. squamosa L. Ata, Sharifa, Sita Phal, Cultivate
Luna d
Aquifoliacea Paraguay Ilex godajam Colebr. Jangli Gewa Wild
e Tea
Araceae Aroids Alocasia indica Man Kachu Cultivate
(Roxb.) Schott (A. d
macrorrhiza Schott)
Colocasia esculenta Kachu, Mukaddam Kachu Wild/
(L.) Schott. Cultivate
d
Colocasia antiquorum Shilkeli Kachu, Mukhi Wild/
(Schott) kachu, Bahumukhi Kachu Cultivate
d
Colocasia nymphaefolia Jangli Kachu, Sar kachu, Wild
Kunth Kali Kachu
Asteraceae Safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. Kushum Phul, Kajira Cultivate
d
Chrysen-the Chrysenthemum Chandra Mallika, Cultivate
mum coronarium L. Gulchini, Guldani d
Niger Seed Guizotia abyssinica Kalo Til, Ram Til, Guji, Cultivate
Cass. Surgoza d
Chicory Cichorium intybus L. Kasni, Hinduba Cultivate
d?
Sunflower Helianthus annuus L. Shurja Mukhi Cultivate
d
Lettuce Lactuca sativa L. Lettuce Cultivate
d
Averrhoaceae Carambola Averrhoa camambola L Kamranga Cultivate
d
Basellaceae Indian Basella alba L. (B. Pui Shak Cultivate
Spinach rubra L.) d
Bombacaceae Kapok Ceiba pentandra (L.) Shimul, Swet Shimul, Wild
Gaertn Kapok
Bromeliaceae Pineapple Ananas sativus Schult. Anaras Cultivate
f. (A. cosmos L) d
Merr.).
Camelliaceae Tea Camellia sinensis (L.) Assam Tea Cultivate
Kuntze var. assamica d
C. sinensis (L.) China Tea Cultivate
Kuntze var. sinensis d
C. sinensis (L.) Combodian Tea Cultivate
Kuntze var. cambodiensis d
Appendix IV (Contd.)
Family Crops Allied species
Camelliaceae (contd.)
Hybrids (involving Cultivate
assamica, sinensis, d
combodiensis)
C. caudata Cultivate
d
C. japonica Cultivate
d
Camellia kissi Cultivate
d
C. irrawadiensis Cultivate
d
C. sesanquc Cultivate
d
Thea wallichi Wild
Cannaceae Indian Shot Canna indica L. Sarbajaya Cultivate
d/ Wild
Caricaceae Papaya Carica papaya L. Pepe Cultivate
d
Chenopodiace Beet Beta vulgaris L. Beet, Beet Palong Cultivate
ae d
Quinoa Chenopodium album L. Betosok, Batua Shak Wild/
Cultivate
d
C. ambrosioides L. Chandan Beto Wild?
Spinach Spinacea oleracea L. Palong, Palong Shak Cultivate
d
Convolvulace Sweet Ipomoea batatus Lamk. Misti Alu Cultivate
ae potato d
and allies
I. alba L.( I. bonanox Halkalmi,Dudh Kalmi Wild
L.)
I. aquatuca Forsk. Kalmishak, Kalmi Wild
(I. reptans Poir)
I. pescaprae (L.) R. Chgalkuri, Dupati Lata Wild
Br. (I. biloba Forsk.)
I. cairica (L.) Sweet Rail Lata Wild
I. fistulosa Mart. ex Dholkalmi, Ddaru Kalmi, Wild
Choisy (I. Policelat
crassicaulis (Benth)
Roxb)
I. hederacea Jacq. Nil Kalmi Wild
(I. nil Meissn.)
I. indica (Burm. f. Pravatrani Wild
Merr. (I. learil Lam.)
I. mauritiana Jacq. Bhuikumra, Muralia Lata Wild
(I. paniculata (L.)
Br.)
I. maxima (L. f.) Don Bankalmi Wild
(I. sepiaria Koen. ex
Roxb.)
I. pestigridis L. Languli Lata, Wild
I. quamoclit L. Taru Lata, Kunja Lata Wild/
(Quamoclit pinnata Kamla Lata, Gote Lata Cultivate
Boj.) d
I. turpethum (L.) R. Noa Pata, Tori, Cheuri
Br.
I. vitifolia Bl. Karma Lata, Kam Lata
Crucifereae White Brassica alba Hook. Sadasarisha, Dhuprai Cultivate
Mustard d
Mustard B. campestris L. var. Sarisha Cultivate
sarsoon Prain d
Mustard B. campestris L.var . Tori, Sarisha Cultivate
toria Duthie & Fuller d
B. integrifolia Keel Rai Cultivate
(West.) Schultz.(B. d
juncea var. agrostis
Prain)
Brown B. juncea L. Rai Sarisha, Bara Rai, Cultivate
Mustard Jhuni, Chanchi d
Rapeseed B. napus L. Maghi, Tori, Sarisha Cultivate
d
Black B. nigra (L.) Koch. Kalo Sarisha Cultivate
Mustard d
Cauliflower B. oleracea L. var. Phul Kopi Cultivate
botrydis d
Broccoli B. olerecea L. var. Brocoli Cultivate
italica d
B. rapa L. Shalgam Cultivate
d
B. rugusa Prain var. Lahisag Wild/
cunefolia Cultivate
d
Garden Lepidium sativum L. Halim, Halim Shak Wild/
Cress Cultivate
d
Radish Raphanus satiivus L. Mula Cultivate
d
Appendix IV (contd.)
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Cucurbitacea Wax Gourd Benincasa hispida L. Chal Kumra Cultivate
e (Thunb.) Cogn.(B. d
cerifera Savi.)
Coccinia Coccinia indica L Telakucha, Kakjhinga Wild ..
Melon Cucumis melo L. Bangi, Kakri, Kharbuj, Cultivate
Khermia d
Cucumber Cucumis sativus L. Khira, Shasha, Mome Cultivate
d
Sweet Gourd Cucurbita maxima Duch. Kumra, Misti Kumra Cultivate
d
Squash Cucurbita moschata Safra Kumra Cultivate
Duch. d
Squash Cucurbita pepo DC Dhada Kadu, Kumra, Cultivate
Khetpapra d
Colocynth Citrullus colocynthis Makal. Indrayan Wild
(L.) Schrad.
Watermelon Citrullus lanatus Tarmuj Cultivate
(Thunb.) Mans. (C. d
vulgaris Schrad.)
Hodgsonia Hodgsonia macrocarpa Makal Wild
(Bl.) Cogn. (H.
heteroclita HK. f. )
Bottle Lagenaria siceraria Lau, Kadu, Pani Lau Cultivate
Gourd (Mol.) Stan. (L. d
vulgaris Ser.)
Ribbed Luffa acutangula Roxb. Jhinga, Ghosa Lata Cultivate
gourd d
L. amara Roxb. Tita Dhundul Wild
L. echinata Roxb. Bidal, Ghosa Lata Wild
Sponge L. cylindrica (L.) Roem Dhundul, Purul, Totpola Wild/
Gourd (L. aegyptiaca Mill.) Cultivate
d
Bitter Momordica charantia L Korola, Kerala Karola Cultivate
Gourd d
M. cochichinensis Kakrol Cultivate
Spreng. d
Teasle Momordica dioica Roxb. Kakrol
Gourd
Snake Gourd Trichosanthes anguina Chichinga Cultivate
L. d
Trichosanth Trichosanthes bracteata Makal Wild
es (Lam.) Voigt.
T. cordata Roxb. Bhui kakra Wild
T.cucumerina L. Ban Patol, Ban Chichinga Wild
T. dioica Roxb. Patol Cultivate
d
T. lobata Roxb. Ban Chichinga Wild
T. palmata Roxb. Makal Wild
Dioscoreacea Yams and Dioscorea belophylla Shora Alu Wild/
e allies (Prain) Haines Cultivate
d
Aerial yam D. bulbifera L. (D. Roth Alu Wild/
sativa Thunb.) Cultivate
d
Lesser yam D. esculenta (Lour.) Sushni Alu, Mou Alu Cultivate
Burk. (D. aculeata d
(Lour) Burk)
D. pentaphylla L. Jhum Alu, Jhunihana Alu Wild/
Cultivate
d
D. pubera Bl.(D. Kukur Alu, Kaku Alu Wld/
aguina Roxb.) Cultivate
d
D. wallichi Hook Goantia Alu Widl/
Cultivate
d
Euphorbiacea Tung Aleurites molluccana Japhal Akhrot Cultivate
e Willd. d
Cassava Manihot esculenta Shimul Alu, Kasava, Cultivate
Crantz. (M. ultissima Tapoica d
Pohl.)
Castor Ricinus comminis L. Reri, Bheranda, Venna Wild/
Cultivate
d
Gramineae Adlay, Coix gigantica Roxb. Denga Gurgur Wild
Job's Tears C. lachryma-jobi L. Tasbi, Gurgur, Gurguri, Wild
Kalo kunch, Kawoa kathi
Japanese Echinocloa colonum Shyama Ghas Wild
millet (L.) Link
BarnYard E. crussgalli (L.) P. Bara Shyama Ghas Wild
millet Beauv.
E. stagnina (Retz.) P. Dul, Parua Wild
Beauv.
Finger Eleusine coracana (L.) Marna, Marua Wild?
millet Gaertn.
Appendix IV (contd.)
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Gramineae Fowl-foot Eleusine indica (L.) Malanga Kuri, Malan Kuri Wild
(contd.) grass Gaertn.
Teff Eragrostis tenella Koni Cultivate
(L.) P. Beauv. d
Barley Hordeum vulgare L Jab Cultivate
d
Bulrush Pennisetum typhoides Bajra Cultivate
millet (Burm) Stap f.(P. d
typhoidum)
Pearl Panicum milliaceum L. Cheena Cultivate
Millet d
Foxtail Setaria italica (L.) Kaon, Kangu, Kangui, Cultivate
millet P. Beauv. Kora, Kaknidana, d
Shyamdhat
Foxtail S. glauca (L.) Kauni, Banaspati Ghash Wild
millet P.Beauv. (Panicum
allies flavescens Sw.)
S. pallide-fusca Pinginatchi Wild
(Schum) Stapf.
S. verticillata (L.) Dorabiari
P.Beauv.
Barley Hordeum vulgare L. Jab, Barley Cultivate
d
Rice Oryza sativa L. Dhan, Chaul Cultivate
d
Rice allies O. minuta Buno Dhan Wild
O. nivara Buno Dhan Wild
O. officinalis Buno Dhan Wild
O. rufipogon Griff. Buno Dhan. Jhara Dhan Wild
(O. fatua Koen. ex
Trin.)
Porteresia coarctata Harkata Widl/
(Oryza coarctata Roxb.) Cultivate
d
Oryza hybrid Swarm: - Wild
(rufipogon/nivara)
Sugarcane S. officinarum L. Aakh, Kushur, Kushail, Cultivate
Gendari d
Sugarcane Saccharum bengalense Munja Ghas Wild
allies Retz. (S. munja Roxb.)
Sclerostachya fusca Khuri Wild
(Roxb.) Camus (Sacharum
fuscum Roxb.)
S. spontaneum L. Kash, Kaicha, Khag, Wild
Khagra, Kaisha
Sorghum Sorghum bicolor (S. Joar Cultivate
vulgare Pers.) d
Johnson's S. halepense (L.) Pers. Kanta Much Cultivate
grass d
Triticale Triticosecale Triticale Cultivate
d
Wheat Triticum aestivum L. Gom Cultivate
(T. vulgare L.) d
Maize Zea mays L. Bhutta Cultivate
d
Bermuda Cynodon dactylon Durba, Bubla,Durba Ghas Wild
grass (Pers.)
Other Panicum flavescens Sw. Bashpati Ghas Wild
Grasses
P. paludosum Roxb. Barti, Barati, Kalam Wild
P. punctatum Burm. Karing Ghas Wild
P. satigerum Retz. Bara Jalgenti Wild
Paspalidium flavidum Bolai Mandi, Karing Ghas Wild
(Retz.) A. camus
Paspalidium punctatum Petinar Wild
Burm. A. camus (Panicum
punctatum Burm)
Kodo millet Paspalum scrobiculatum Goicha, Khoda Dhan Wild
Boj
Guttifereae Mangosteen G. mangostana L. Mangostin Cultivate
d
Garcinia Garcinia cowa Roxb. Kau, Kaglichu
G. morella Desr. Swarna Khiri
G. xanthochymus Hook. Tamal, Dambel
f.
Appendix IV (contd.)
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Leguminaseae Wattle Acacia nilotica (L.) Babla, Kikor Wild/
Del. (A. arabica (Lam.) Cultivate
Willd.) d
A. catechu Willd. Khair, Katha, Khadira, Cultivate
Khair babul d
A. catechuoides Wall. Khair Cultivate
d
A. concinna DC. Banritha, Lat babul, Wild/
Kuchui Cultivate
d
A. farnesiana (L.) Gokul, Belati Babul Wild/
Willd. Cultivate
d
A. intsia Willd. Kuchai Wild
A. monoliformis Akashmoni, Sonajhuri Wild/
Griseb. Cultivate
d
A. pennata (L.) Willd. Aila, Bisoal, Sembi Wild
A. suma Ham Sami, Sankata, Laingach, Wild
Chaikanta, Saukanta
A. tomentosa Willd. Salsai Babla Wild/
Cultivate
d
Groundnut Arachis hypogea L. Cheen Badam Cultivate
d
Pigeon pea Cajanus cajan (L.) Arhar, Arhar Dal Cultivate
Huth. (C. indicus d
Spreng)
Chickpea Cicer arietinum L. Chola, Chana, Boot Cultivate
d
Sunnhemp Crotalaria juncea L. Shon Pat, Shon, Ghore Cultivate
Shon d
Sunnhemp C. incana L. Chhoto Jhunjhuna Wild
allies
C. prostrata Roxb. Chhoto Jhunjhuna Wild
C. retusa L. Atasi, Bil Jhanjhana Wild
C. saltiana Andr. Chhoto Jhunjhuna, Wild
Jhanjhani
C. spectabilis Roth Pipli Jhanjhani Wild
(C. sericea Retz.)
C. verrucosa L. Jhanjhania Wild
Derris and Deris elliptica Benth. Tubamul Wild
allies
D. indica (Lamk.) Makrigilla Wild
Benth.
D. robusta Benth. Koroi, Jangaria, Wild/
Jumurja, Miringa,Jamruja Ciultivat
ed
D. scandens Benth. Noa lata, Kamiria lata, Wild
Maora gota, Noshoth
D. trifolia Lour. (D. Kali Lata Felia Lata, Wild
uliginosa Benth.) Pan Lata, Pan Gota, Gila
lata, Goali Lata
Soybean Glycine max (L.) Soybean, Gari Kalai Cultivate
Merr. (G. soja (L.) d
Swieb. & Zuce)
Indigo Indigofera linifolia Bhangara Wild
Retz.
I. tinctoria L. Nil Wild
Leguminaseae Lentil Lens culinaris Medik. Musur, Musuri Dal Cultivate
(L. esculenta Moen.) d
Medicago denticulata Moyna Wild
Willd.
Yam Bean Pachyrrhizus erosus Shak Alu Wild/
(L.) Urban Cultivate
d
Beans Phaseolus acontifolius Ban moog, Gaheri, Cultivate
Jacq. Birimoog d
P. adenanthus Mey. Ban Barbati Wild
P. sublobatus Roxb. Ghora Moog Wild
Vigna sublobatus)
P. trilobatus (Vigna Rakhal Kalai, Magani, Wild
trilobatus) Mugani
P. vulgaris (L.) Schr. Bakla, Faras Bean, Kalo Wild
Basak
Pisum arvense L. Chhto Motor Wild
Pea P. sativum L. Motor, Kabuli Motor Cultivate
d
Winged Bean Psophocarpus Pakhal Sim, Kunari Sim, Wild/
tetragonolobus DC. Karat Sim Cultivate
d
Appendix IV (contd.)
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Leguminaseae Tamarind Tamarindus indica L. Tetul, Amli Wild/
(contd.) Cultivate
d
Field Bean Vicia faba L. Bara Sim, Bakla Sim Cultivate
d
V. hirsuta Coch. Masur Chana Cultivate
d
V. sativa L. Ankari Wild/
Cultivate
d
Vigna catjang Walp. Lalsha, Barbati Cultivate
var. sinensis d
Blackgram V. mungo (L.) Hepper Mashkalai. Tikhakalai Cultivate
(Phaseolus. mungo L.) d
V. pilosa Bak. Jhikrai, Malkenia Wild/
Cultivate
d
Mungbean V. radiata (L.) Sona Moog, Moog, Hani Cultivate
Wilezck (P. radiatus Moog d
L.)
V. sinensis Endl. ex Barbati, Lalsha Cultivate
Hassk (V. catjang Walp d
var. sinensis Prain)
Cowpea V. unguiculata Endl. Barbati Cultivate
ex Hassk d
Liliaceae Onion A. cepa L. Piaz Cultivate
d
Garlic A. sativum L. Rasun Cultivate
d
Asparagus Asparagu racemosus L. Satamuli, Hilum Cultivate
d
Linaceae Flax/Linsee Linum usitatissimum L. Tishi, Chikna, Masina Cultivate
d d
Malvaceae Okra Abelmoschus esculentus Dheras, Bhindi, Cultivate
(L.) Moen. (Hibiscus d
esculentus L)
Tree cotton Gossypium arboreum Kapas, Karpas Cultivate
var. conansis L. d
Comilla G. arboreum/herbaceum Tula Cultivate
Cotton L. d
Khaki G. arboreum/herbaceum L Khaki Tula Cultivate
cotton d
Hibiscus abelmoschus L. Mushak Dana, Kalo Kasturi Cultivate
d
Kenaf H. cannabinus L. Kenaf, Mesta pat, Bimli Cultivate
d
H. ficulenus L. Jangli Bhindi, Jangli Wild
Dheras, Ban Dheras
H. hirtus L. Lal Surjamukhi Wild/
Cultivate
d
H. macrophyllus Roxb. Kashipala, Kashiaudal, Wild/
Chania Cultivate
d
H. manihot L. Gajasuddhi, Dumbula, Wild/
Paresh, Palas Pipul, Cultivate
Paresh Pipul d
China rose H. rosa-sinensis L. Joba, Jaba Phul, Rakta Cultivate
Jaba, Daru d
China rose H. schizopetalus L. Jhumko Joba, Latkan Joba Cultivate
d
Roselle H. subdariffa L. var. Mesta Pat, Kenaf, Mesta Cultivate
altissima d
Roselle H. sabdariffa L. var. Chukair, Chukur Cultivate
subdariffa d
H. syriacus L. Sada joba, Nil Joba Cultivate
d
H. tiliaceus L. Bolai, Bhola, Belapata, Wild
Chewla
H. vitifolius L. Ban Karpas Wild
Marantaceae Arrrowroot Maranta arundinacea L. Araroot, Takhur
Moraceae Jackfruit Artocarpus Kanthal Cultivate
heterophylluys Lamk. d
(A. integrifolia L. f.)
Chaplash A. chaplasha Roxb. Chaplash, Chambal, Cham Cultivate
d
A. lakucha Buch- Ham Deua, Deo Phal, Dephal, Wild/
(A. lakoocha Roxb.) Deo Cham, Barta, Dalo Cultivate
Dalo Madar d
Hemp Cannabis sativa L. (C. Siddhi, Bhang, Kef, Ganja Wild/
indica Lamk.) Cultivate
d
Ficus & Ficus altissima Bl. Bot, Prab Wid
allies
F. benghalensis L. Krishna Bot Wild
var. krishnae (C. DC.)
Corner (F. krishnae C.
DC.)
F. comosa (F. bejamina Pakur, Jir, Kamruo Wild
L.) (Roxb. ) Kurtz
Appendix IV (contd.)
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Moraceae(con Ficus and F. carica L Dumur Anjir Wild
td) allies
F. cunea Buch.-Ham. Jaga Dumur, Sadimadi, Wild
Joya Dumur
F. elastica Roxb. Bor, Ata Bor, Bharatio Wild
Rubber
F. glaberrima Bl. Kakri Wild
F. glomerata Roxb. Jaga Dumur, Gulang Dumir Wild
F. hederaceae Roxb. Dumur, arkath Wild
(F. scandes Roxb.)
F. heterophylla L. f. Ghati Shaora, Bala Wild
var. heterophylla L. Dumur,Balam Dumur,
Bolalat
F. heterophylla L. f. Bhui Dumur Wild
var. repens
F. hispida L. f. Kak Dumur, Dhungri Wild
F. hirta Vahl Dangra, Khanda Dumur, Wild
Pakur, Khuska Dumur
F. infectoria Roxb. Pakur Wild
F. krisnnae C. DC Krishna Bot Cultivate
d
F. lacor Buch.-Ham. Pakur Wild
(F. infectoria Roxb.)
F. lanecolata Ham Buti Dumur, Eri Gachh Wild
F. lepidosa Wall. Katgularia, Jir, Kamrup
F. nervosa Roth Batrella Wild
F. racemosa L. (F. Jaga Dumur, Gulang Dumur Wild
glomerata Roxb.)
F. religiosa L. Asswath, Pipal, Pan Bot Wild
F. rostrata Lamk. Paraboha
F. rumphil Bl. Hijulia, Gaya Asswath Wild
F. semicordata Jaga Dumur, Sadimasi Wild
Buch.-Ham. ex Smith (F.
cunea Buch.-Ham. ex
Roxb.)
Mulberry Morus indica L. (M. Tut, Tunt Cultivate
alba L.) d
Musaceae Bananas Musa ornata Roxb. Ram Kola, Bamanigi Kola Cultivate
d
M. paradisiaca L. Kach Kola Cultivate
var. paradisiaca d
M. paradisiaca L. Kola, Kathali Kola Cultivate
var. sapientum d
M. sapeentum L. var Aitta Kola, Aite Kola Cultivate
sylvestris d
Myristicacea Nutmeg and Myristica fragrans Jaiphal, Jayatri Wild/
e allies Houtt Cultivate
d
M. longifolia Wall. Amboala Wild/
Cultivate
d
M. malabarica Lamk. Jayatri Wild/
Cultivate
d
Myrtaceae Clove and Eugenia aquea Burm. f. Jambo Wild
allies
E. balsamea Wt. Ekdarya Wild/
Cultivate
d
E. bracteata Roxb. Hijli Menadi Wild/
Cultivate
d
E. claviflora Roxb. Nali Jam, Lamba Nali Jam Cultivate
d
E. cymosa Ram. Khoir Jam Wild/
Cultivate
d
E. formosa Wall. Phul Jam Wild/
Cultivate
d
E. lancaefolia Roxb. Para Jam Wild/
Cultivate
d
E. macrocarpa Roxb. Chalta Jam Cultivate
d
E. operculata Roxb. Boti Jam, Thenga Jam, Wild/
Patia Jam, Dhepu Jam Cultivate
d
E. wallichi Wt. Kharkhara Jam Wild/
Cultivate
d
Guava Psidium guajava (L.) Peyara, Gaya, Sabri Cultivate
Bat. (P. guayava L.) d
Syzygium cumuni (L.) Jam, Jaman, Kalo jam Cultivate
Skeel (E. jambolana d
Lam.)
S. jambos L. Golap Jam Cultivate
d
Oxalidaceae Oxalis Oxalis corniculata L. Amrul, Amboli, Cultivate
Chukatripati d
Appendix IV (contd.)
Family Crop Allied species Local name Status
Palmae Betel Nut Arecha catechu L. Supari, Gua Cultivate
d
A. triandra Roxb. Ban Gua, Ban Supari Wild
Palmyra Borassus flabellifer L. Tal Wild/
Palm Cultivate
d
Coconut Cocos nucifera L. Narikel, Dab
Oilplalm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. Palm Tal Cultivate
d
Date Palm Phoenix . sylvestris Khajur, Khejur, Khagi Cultivate
and (L.) Roxb. Khejur d
allies
Ph. caerulea Jhumko
Date Palm Ph. dactylifera L. Arabi Khejur Pindi Khejur Cultivate
d
Ph. paludodsa Roxb. Hintal, Hital, Hantal
Pedaliacveae Sesame Sesamum indicum L. Til, Jangli Til, Sanki Cultivate
(S. orientele L.) Til, Kalo Til d
Piperaceae Piper Piper betel L. Pan, Tambuli Cultivate
d
P. chaba Hunter Choi, Chab Wild
P. cubeba Vahl Kababchini Wild
P. longum L. Pepul, Pipla Wild
P. nigrum L. Gol Marich Cultivate
d
P. peepuloides Roxb. Pepul Wild
Polygonaceae Buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum Dhanchi Cultivate
Moen. d
Puniaceae Pomegranate Punica granatum L. Dalim, Anar
Rhamnaceae Jujuba and Zizyphus mauritania Kul, Boroi, Cultivate
allies Lamk, d
Z. oenoplea (L.) Ban Boroi, Gram Boroi, Wild
Shea Kul, Got Boroi
Z. rugosa Lamk Anai, Jangli Boroi Wild
Rosaceae Berries Rubus tinctorium L Manjistha Wild/
Cultivate
d
Rubus hexagynus Roxb. Hira Chhara, Hira Chura Wild/
Cultivate
d
Quinine Cinchona officinalis L. Cinchona, Quinine Cultivate
d
Coffees Coffea arabica. L Kafi Cultivate
d
C. benglanensis Roxb. Bannya Kafi Wild
Citrus Citrus aurantifolia kagji Labu Nebu, Nimbu, Cultivate
(Christ. & Panz.) Sw. Lebu d
C. chrysocarpa Lush. Kamala, Kamala Lebu Cultivate
d
C. grandis (L.) Jambura, Batabi Lebu, Cultivate
Osdbeck Moha Nembu d
C. limettoides Tanaka Mitha Nebu Cultivate
d
C. limon (L.) Burm. f. Gora Lebu, Karna Lebu Cultivate
(C. medica var. limon d
L.)
C. reticulata Blanco Kamla, Kmla Lebu Cultivate
(C. chrysocarpa Lush) d
C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck Malta, Moushandhi Cultivate
d
Sapindaceae Litchi Nephelium litchi Lamb. Lichu Cultivate
d
N. longana Camb. Ash Phal Cultivate
d
Sapodilla Manilkara zapota Chabeda, Chiku, Safeda Cultivate
(Achras zapota L..; d
Manilkara achras Mill.
)
Manilkara hexandra Khir Khejur
(Mill.) Fosb (Mimusips
hexandra Roxb.)
Solanaceae Peppers Capsicum annuum L. Kancha Morich, Kacha Cultivatd
Lanka,
C. frutescens L. Marich, Lanka Morich, Cultivatd
Dhani Lanka, Dhani Morich
Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Tomato, Bilati Begun Gur Cultivatd
Mill. (L. lycopersicum Begun
(L) Karst
Tobaccos N. rustica Deshi Tamak Cultivatd
N. tabacum L. Tamak Cultivatd
N. plumbaginifolia Ban Tamak, Wild
Viv.
Egg plant S. melongena Wall Begun ,Bagun Cultivatd
and allies
S. melongena Wall. Kuli Begun Cultivate
var. esculenta d
Table IV
(contd.)
Solanaceae Eggplant Solanum filicifolium Tit Begun, Goth Begun, Wild
(Contd.) and allies Ort. (S. torvum Sw.) Hat Begun
S. ferox L. Gota Begun, Ram Begun, Wild
Bagh Gota
S. indicum L. Phutki Begun, Baikur, Wild
Tit Begun, Brihati Begun
S. nigrum L. Gurkamai, Kakmachi, Wild
Phuti begun
S. spirale L. Bagua Wild
S. surrattense Burm. Kanti Kiri, Kantakini Wild
f. (S. xanthocarpum
Schrad.Wendl.
S. sysimbrifolium ???????
Potato S. tuberosum L. Alu, Gol Alu Cultivate
d
S. verbascifolium L. Urusa Wild
Sterculaceae Cocao Theobroma cacao L. Koko, Chokolet Cultivate
d
Tiliaceae Jute Corchorus capsularis L. Pat, Tita Pat, Bogi Pat, Cultivate
Sada Pat, Nalte, Nalita d
Pat, Maricha, Naricha
C. olitorius L. Tosha Pat, Mitha Pat, Cultivate
Bogi Pat d
C. aestuans L. (C. Tita Pat, Jangli Pat Wild
acutangulus Lamk.)
C. fascicularis Lam. Jangli Pat, Bil Nalita Wild
Umbeliferae Celery Apium graveolens L Chiruti, Chiluri Cultivate
d
Urticaceae Ramie Boehmeria nivea (L) Kankhura, Kankura. Cultivate
Gaud. d
B. platiphylla D. Don. Ulichara Wild
Vitaceae Grape & Vitis adnata Roxb Alinga Lata Wild
allies (Wall.)
V. assamica Laws. Amasha Lata Wild
V. glabrata Heyne Goda, Guaria Wild
V. lanceolaria Laws. Horinia lata Wild
V. latifolia Roxb. Govila, Panibel Wild
V. pedata Vahl Goali Lata Wild
V. quadrangularis Wall Har Bhanga Lata, Wild
Harjora,
V. setosa Wall. Goali Lata Wild
V. trifolia (l.) Don Anal Lata, Amal Lata, Wild
Sonekeshar
Grape V. vinifera L. Angur, Kismis Cultivate
d
Zingiberacea Turmeric Curcuma longa L. (C. Halud, Haldi Cultivate
e domestica Vahl) d
C. zodoria Rosc. Shathi, Ekangi, Phaulga, Cultivate
Kachuri d/ Wild
Cardamom Elettaria cardamomum Elachi, Chhoto Elachi Cultivate
Maton. d
Ginger Zingiber purpureum Ban Ada, Baumurga Gach Wild
allies Rosc. (Z. casumnar
Roxb.)
Ginger Zingiber officinale Ada Cultivate
Rosc. d
Ginger Zingiber rubens Roxb. Murga Gach Wild
allies
Zingiber zerumbet Sm. Mahabaribach, Narkasur Wild
Sources:
Huq, A. M. 1986. Plant Names of Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Herbarium,
Dhaka. Purseglove, J. W. 1974. Tropical Crops. Monocotyledons. TheEnglish Language Book Society & Longman,
London.
Purseglove, J. W. 1974. Tropical Crops. Dicotyledons. TheEnglish Language Book Society & Longman, London.
Simmonds, N. W. (ed.). 1979. Evolution of Crop Plants. Longman, London & New York.
APPENDIX - V
Research progress in evaluation of forest species
Category Species name Local name Seed origin
A. Species Acacia catechu Willd. Khair, Katha, probably India
introduced Khadira, Khair Babul
A. nilotica (L.) Del. Babla, Kikar Sri Lanka
(A. arabica (Lam.)
Willd.)
Anacardium occidentale L. Kaju, Kaju Badam, India & Pakistan
Hijli Badam
Dalbergia sisso Roxb. Shishu kath Malaysia
Mevca brasiliensis not known
Paraserianthes falcatara perhaps Honduras
Swietennia macrophylla Bara Mehogini Burma & India
King.
Tectona grandis L. f. Segun, Teak
B. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Pettord, Australia
Reccommen-
ded Leucaena leucocacephala Ipil-Ipil The Philippines
species (Lamk. ) de Wit.
Norus indica India & Pakistan
Pinus carribeae UAI Pine Hondurus
hondurensis
Xylia dolabriformis Loha Kath, Pinkado Burma
Benth.
C. Species Acacia feximifolius Garo Hills, India
under Alianthus grandis Sadhya (?) & Assam
arboreta Aleurites fordii Malaysia
trial A. montana Malaysia
Anogeissus acuminata Chakua, Esri, Hiuri Central India
Wall.
Artocarpus acuminata Western Ghat, India
A. hirsuta Uganda
Chlorophora excelea Darang/ Assam, India
Chukrassia labudaris India
Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. Shitshal Australia
Eucalyptus alba Australia
E. botryaides Australia
E. citriodora Hook. Eucalyptus Australia
E. robusta Australia
E. grandis (?) Australia
E. saligna(?) Australia
Eugenia alba Andamans, India
Lagerstroemia hypoleuca Malaysia
Melia azadarach L. Poma, Moha Nim,Bokain Thailand
Pinus kesiya Thailand
P. merkusii Honduras
P. occarpa Tanzania
P. radiata Kachar, India
Podocarpus nerifolia Don. Jinaru, Banspata South India
Plerocarpus marsupium S. India
P. sanialinus Andamans, India
Sterculia campanudata Hondurus
Swietennia mahagoni Mehogini ?
(L.) Jacq.
D. Species Acacia senegal West Africa
Arancaria angustifolia not known
performed
poorly A. cummuhumii ? not known
in
Canarium emphyllum Andamans, India
arboreta
trial Dipterocarpus griffithii Bhutan
Eucalyptus globulus Australia
E. marculata Australia
E. sideropholia Australia
E. umbellata ? Australia
Greviollot robusta Australia
Manglietia insignis ? Lakhshmipur ?
Mansomia altissima Nigeria
Appendix - V (contd.)
Category Species name Local name Seed origin
D. Species Michelia clifolia India
M. oblonga Wall. Sundi Tejpur, Assam, India
performed
poorly M. insignis Tejpir, Assam, India
in
Pancevia rulignosa Assam, India
arboreta
trials Phoehe gosparensis Assam, India
Pinus ellilii USA
P. insularis not known
P. longifolia India
P. sinensis Mauritius
P. thunbergii not known
Palygala arillata Sri Lanka
Sanilalum album South India
Shorea assamica Assam, India
E. Species Acacia cyanophylla not known
that
failed A. karoo not known
to
grow Agathes pahnerstonii ? not known
Calamus seipionan Mullaca, Indonesia
Pinus ayacahuite not known
P. canariensis not known
P. douglasiana not known
P. michoacana not known
P. monlezumae not known
P. pinaster not known
Pinus pseudostrobus not known
Podorecarpus falcatus ? not known
Populus clone 214 not known
Populus clone 262 not known
Populus nigra ? not known
Populus trihocarpa ? not known
Populus wisdengii not known
Salix grees not known
Texalian grees not known
Source: BFRI
APPENDIX - VI
Some of the recommendations made in the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) of Bangladesh
(NCS was prepared under the auspices of IUCN with financial assistance from NORAD)
- Inclusion of conservation of the environment and the resource bases and their sustainable use in
the national Constitution:
- redefinition of the goals of rural development, conservation and sustainable development in the medium and long term perspectives;
- bottom up approach for planning for rural development for appropriate reflection of local needs, resource endowments, socio-psychological aspects, environmental considerations and sustainable use of resources;
- environmental impact assessment as a component in planning from the grassroot level;
- joint mass awareness programmes on conservation and sustainable development by the Government and NGOs;
- Incentives for conservation of scarce resources, both renewable and non-renewable by easily making available alternative resources or finances;
- focus of conservation and sustainable development in the research and training programmes of government agencies and NGOs;
- amendment of existing laws relevant to environmental aspects, conservation and sustainable resource base to cover specific related problems in the rural sectors; enactment of new laws in appropriate sectors of rural resource management and development; and priority in implementation of existing laws
(Source: Huq, M. F. 1991. International Union for Conservation of Nature Natural Resources - The World Conservation Union, National Conservation Strategy of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Towards Sustainable Development: Rural Development and NGO Activities in Bangladesh. Dhaka, 1991)
- formulation of a comprehensive National Land Use Policy;
- detailed land resource assessment;
- prevention of activities leading to land degradation;
- proper allocation of land for urban and rural areas;
- formulation of a comprehensive National Land Use Policy ;
- detailed land resources assessment ;
- prevention of activities leading to land degradation;
- proper allocation of land for urban and rural areas
- inclusion of resource conservation studies at every level of education curricula to make the future generations more conscious to the adverse result of extravagances;
- awareness creation on and public participation in resource conservation for their own welfare and for their children;
(Source: Rahman, M. R. 1991. International Union fore Conservation of Nature Natural Resources - The World Conservation Union, National Conservation Strategy of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Towards Sustainable Development: Land Resources in Bangladesh, Dhaka 1991).
- updating the syllabi of environmental education at various stages;
- greater emphasis on research on environmental issues in universities and research institutes of the country.
- Creation of inter-disciplinary Centres or Institutes of Environmental studies in universities;
- training on Environmental Impact Assessment for personnel involved;
- organisation of mobile song and drama troupes to popularise environmental issues;
(Source: Sharafuddin, A. M. 1991. International Union for Conservation of Nature Natural Resources - The World Conservation Union, National Conservation Strategy of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Towards Sustainable Development: Environmental Awareness and Education in Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1991.)
- lands regarded as unproductive, whether under government ownership (khas land), protected forests or unclassified state forests be allotted to dedicated environmentalists who have prepared the ground for future afforestation;
- the legislation concerning living resources in Bangladesh is marred by failures to implement laws, lack of coordination among agencies responsible to look after genetic resources. The problem is further accentuated by inadequate training facilities and low salaries of field staff. Before promulgation of legislation, it is important to ensure that the law is ecologically, economically and socially feasible. Public education programmes should precede and also follow the enforcement of laws to help the public to understand and support it;
- the institutional capacity of Ministry of Environment and Forest, established only in 1989, and the Forest Department to promote and administer conservation activities is yet to be developed to the required mark;
- Constraints limiting private forestry has restricted private sector involvement. The Government should encourage private enterprises interested in afforestation and adequate khas land allotted to those who have already done satisfactory spade of work in the venture;
- severe restrictions should be imposed to harvest important medicinal plants from the wild; cultivation of such species on commercial scale should be encouraged. (The number of medicinal plants in a revised list by the National Herbarium exceeds 500).
- forestry projects managed by local people may be the solution to the problems caused by deforestation;
- conversion of natural forests to plantation of exotic species needs to be carefully assessed;
- inland and coastal flood control measures should take cognisance of the protection of local flora and fauna;
- conservation of wild genetic resources, both ex situ and in situ is now a matter of urgency;
- coordinated conservation action will depend on development on at least a primary cross sector inventory of wild genetic resources, thus allowing identification of species in need of attention;
- categories of wild plants of high priority for in situ conservation include the wild relatives of fruit and oil crops, commodity and industrial crops, timber species and plants used as forage and fibres;
- there is strong basis for in situ genebanks in the region; field programmes on in situ conservation should be guided by priorities identified at the country level, taking into consideration the biological and economic needs;
- systematic, ecological and geographic data are stressed as a background to germplasm collection and conservation;
- attempts at in situ conservation are likely to fail where there is intense pressure for land, weak legislation and implementation of laws, and public opinion unaware of the need for conservation;
- preferred efforts ate collection of as much reproductive materials as possible as ex situ conservation before the resources are destroyed (other countries in the region e.g. Nepal, Sri Lanka, etc. have already established ex situ collections of medicinal plants: FAO, 1984).
- adequate storage facilities for seeds or vegetative stocks are necessary with a duplication of collections to prevent risks of loss;
- recalcitrant seeds, to which belong fruit and nut species and many timber species have to be maintained as living plants (in situ genebanks) to protect wild gene pools of value for plant breeding;
- national botanic gardens can serve as centres for maintenance of genetic diversity, and the preservation of genetic materials located within the gardens provide the best chance for long time survival;
- information on the biology and variation on species will help decide the suitable type of conservation ( in situ, ex situ as living trees, ex situ as reproductive materials or a combination of all three);
- there is need to maintain Natural Regeneration Plots (NRPs) in the hill forests for sustainable development of natural stands and to provide pasture for the wildlife;
- the orchid flora constitute one of the richest genetic resources in Bangladesh. Their preservation, (a) through protection of natural habitats as National Parks, (b) specialisation in orchid species in institutions like Botanic Gardens, (c) public awareness through displays and information shows, mass media and orchid societies should be promoted;
- the major constraint in the implementation is a lack of trained personnel. There is a clear need for a major push in training personnel in various aspects of conservation of genetic resources;
- immediate studies on biological diversity should concentrate on perennial plants with poorly known and are of potential value for production of food, fibre, oils and pharmaceuticals;
- the awareness for the need of conservation has to be created even at the pre-schooling stage to be continued at primary and secondary levels emphasising on the production of low cost educational; materials (posters with graphic designs, photography, audio-visual); this should go hand in hand with the creation of Nature Clubs are children will be taught and encouraged to identify common useful plants and flowers, birds and other animals and to learn their ecosystem.
- Marshes and wetlands of particular significance as special biotic reserves should be managed
including inventorying, research, monitoring and evaluation, and planning for their sustainable development . An ecologically and socio-economically acceptable basis for managing wetlands including their fisheries have to be developed and applied to promote the conservation of their genetic resources through quantifying their benefits.
- Data bases on wild key species of ecological and socio-economic value are urgently needed. Regional information service on survey and authentication of indigenous germplasm of potential economic value such as legumes should be developed. Collaboration with National Botanical Research Institute of India at Lucknow and International Database System at Kew should be sought. This is prerequisite for taking up field studies on important wild resources like legumes. Training courses on computer database for documentation and information system linkage have to developed and implemented at the National Herbarium and other relevant institutions.
(Source: Khan, M. S. 1991. International Union fore Conservation of Nature Natural Resources - The World Conservation Union, National Conservation Strategy of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council. Towards Sustainable Development: Genetic Resources in Bangladesh, Dhaka 1991).