The bio-intensive approach to small-scale household food production: Pest management: Alternative pest management: Botanical pest control

The bio-intensive approach to small-scale household food production

Pest management

Alternative pest management

		Cultural method of pest control
		Biological pest control
		Encouraging predators
		Botanical pest control

Botanical pest control

Fungicidal Plants¹

Plant Name²	Part(s)	Mode of preparation and application³	Target Pest(s)	Diseases Controlled
	Used

Allium sativum	cloves	Chop finely, soak in 2 teaspoons of oil for one day,	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Garlic)		then mix with half a liter of soapy water and filter.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
		Mix 1 part solution with 20 parts water, then spray.	Colletotrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge
			Curvularia	leaf spot, leaf blight
			Diplodia	fruit and stem rot
			Fusarium	damping-off, stem and root rot, early blight,
			Helminthosporium	wilt, curly top
			Pestalotia	leaf blight
				leaf spot

Cassia alata	leaves	Extract juice and spray at a rate of 1 cup juice/liter	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Acapulco)		water.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
			Colletotrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge
			Diplodia	fruit and stem rot
			Fusarium	damping-off, stem and root rot, early blight,
			Helminthosporium	wilt, curly top
			Pestalotia	leaf blight
				leaf spot

Amaranthus gracilis	leaves	Extract juice of 1 kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Amaranth)		liters of water, and spray.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
			Colletotrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge
			Curvularia	leaf spot, leaf blight
			Helminthosporium	leaf blight
			Pestalotia	leaf spot

Leucaena leucocephala leaves	Pound, soak in small amount of water, and use	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Ipil-ipil)		infusion as spray.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
			Colletotrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge
			Curvularia	leaf spot, leaf blight
			Helminthosporium	leaf blight
			Pestalotia	leaf spot

Allium cepa	bulb	Chop finely, soak in two teaspoons of oil for 1 day,	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Red onion)		then mix with half a liter of soapy water and filter.	Colletotrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge
		Mix I part solution with 20 parts water, then spray.	Curvularia	leaf spot, leaf blight
			Fusarium	damping-off, stem and root rot, early blight,
			Helminthosporium	wilt, curly top
			Pestalotia	leaf blight
				leaf spot

Moringa oleifera	leaves	Extract juice of 1 kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Drumstick/Horseradish)	liters of water, and use as spray.	Colletotrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge
			Diplodia	fruit and stem rot
			Pestalotia	leaf spot

Impatiens balsamina	leaves	Extract juice of I kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Kamantigi)		liters of water, and use as spray.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
			Helminthosporium	leaf blight

Centella asiatica leaves	Extract juice of I kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Fusarium	damping-off, stem and root rot, early blight,
(Takip-kuhol)		liters of water, and use as spray.	Helminthosporium	wilt, curly top
				leaf blight

Jatropha multifida	leaves	Extract juice of I kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Diplodia	fruit and stem rot
(Mana)		liters of water, and use as spray.	Fusarium	damping-off, stem and root rot, early blight,
				wilt, curly top

Gendarussa vulgaris	leaves	Extract juice of 1 kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Bunlao)		liters of water, and use as spray.	Colletorrichum	leaf spot, anthracnose, fruit rot, smudge

Carica papaya	leaves	Pound, soak in water, and use infusion as spray.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Papaya)			Diplodia	fruit and stem rot

Mimosa pudica	whole plant Pound, soak in water and use infusion as spray.	Diplodia	fruit and stem rot
Sensitive plant			Pestalotia	leaf spot

Artemisia vulgaris	leaves	Extract juice and use as spray at the rate of 2-5	Altenaria	fruit rot, early blight, purple blotch, leaf spot
(Damong Maria)		tablespoons juice/liter of water.

Zingiber officinale	rhizome	Extract juice and use as spray.	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Ginger)

Gliricidia septum	leaves	Extract juice of l kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Kakawate)		liters of water, and use as spray.

Coleus scutellarioides	leaves	Extract juice of 1 kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Mayana)		liters of water, and use as spray.

Vitex negundo	leaves	Extract juice of I kg leaves, then mix juice with 3	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Lagundi)		liters of water, and use as spray.

Blumea balsamifera	leaves	Extract juice and spray at a proportion of I part juice	Cercospora	leaf mold, leaf spot, early blight, frog-eye
(Sambong)		and 1 part water

1 Plant species showing; activity against different fungal pathogens at two days incubation after seeding, based on zone of inhibition. (Data from Quebral, 1981)
2 Plant names in italics are scientific names; those in parenthesis are common/local names.
3 Based on indigenous practice of farmers.

Insecticidal, Plants

Name of Plant²	Part(s)	Mode of Preparation and Application³	Pest(s)⁴	Source ⁵
	Used

Aegeratum conizoides	leaves		diamond backmoth Alcantara, 1981
(goat weed)			cotton stainer

Artemisia vulgaris	leaves	Pound, extract juice and spray at a rate of 24	corn borer	Calumpang, 1983
(damong maria)		tablespoons/16 liters water

Lantana camara flowers	Pound and spread around stored grains	corn weevil	Fuentebella & Morallo
(lantana)				Rejesus, 1980

Derris philippinensis	roots	Extract juice and spray at a rate of 5 cups juice/5 gallons of water; or Powder,	diamond backmoth	Maghanoy & Morallo
(tubli)		mix with detergent and spray at a rate of 120 grams powder + 250-300 grams		Rejesus, 1975
		detergent/4 gallons of water

Tithonia diversifolia	leaves	Pound, extract juice and use as spray at a rate of 1-2 kg fruits/liter of water	cotton stainer	CariÃ±o & Morallo
(wild sunflower)			black army worm	Rejesus, 1982
			diamond backmoth
Tagetes erecta	roots	Extract juice and spray at a rate of 24 tablespoons juice/liter of water	rice green leafhopper	Morallo-Rejesus &
(marigold)			brown planthopper	Eroles, 1978
			diamond backmoth	Morallo-Rejesus &
			black bean aphid	Decena, 1982

Tagetes patula	roots	Pound, extract juice of I kg roots and mix with I liter water, then spray the	green aphid	Morallo-Rejesus &
(French marigold)		solution directly into the soil	less grain borer	Silva, 1979

Tinospora rumphii	vines	Extract juice and spray at a rate of 15-20 tablespoons juice/5 gallons water	diamond backmoth	del Fierro & Morallo
(makabuhay)			rice green leafhopper	Rejesus, 1976
				Morallo-Rejesus &
				Silva, 1979

Piper nigrum	fruits	Pulverize seeds, mix with water and spray; powder and spread around stored	cotton stainer	stainer & Morallo
(black pepper)		grains	diamond backmoth	Rejesus, 1982
			common cutworms	Ponce de Leon, 1983
			corn weevil

Capsicum frutescens	fruits	Pound, extract juice and spray at a rate of 2-3 cups fruit/liter of water	rice moth	Ponce de Leon, 1983
(hot pepper)

Annona squamosa	seeds	Powder and disperse in water, then strain and use as spray	rice pests	Saxena & co-workers
(custard apple)				(IRRI), 1984

Azadirachta indica	seeds	Remove husks of 2-3 handfuls of mature seeds. Winnow or put in water to float	rice pests	Saxena & co-workers
(neem)		away the husks. Grind seeds into fine particles. Soak ground seeds in 3-5 liters	diamond backmoth	(IRRI), 1984
		water for at least 12 hours. Filter the solution, then use as spray.

1 Found effective, based or crude assay but further studies are needed to determine safety and residual action.

2 Names in italic are scientific names; names in parenthesis are common/local names.

3 Based on indigenous practice of farmers.

4 Mortality is 30% or more with crude extracts.

5 Researchers who conducted laboratory teas on particular plant.

References:

Alcantara, J. A. 1981. Insecticidal activity, screening and identification of two major crystalline fractions in Aegeratum conyzoides L. MS Thesis, University of the Philippines at Los BaÃ±os, College, Laguna. 56 pp.

Calumpang, S. F. 1983. Insecticidal activity, screening and identification of the major crystalline fractions of Artemesia vulgaris (Compositae). MS Thesis, University of the Philippines at Los BaÃ±os, College, Laguna. 109 pp.

CariÃ±o, F. A. and B. Morallo-Rejesus. 1982. Isolation and characterization of the insecticidal fraction from Tithonia diversifolia (A. Gray) leaves. Ann. Trop. Agric. 4:1-11.

Del Fierro, R. and B. Morallo-Rejesus. 1976. Preliminary study on the insecticidal activity of makabuhay, Tinospora rumphii Boer. Youth Res. Apprenticeship Action Prog. Rep. Society for the Advancement of Research. 9 pp. Unpublished.

Fuentebella, F. and B. Morallo-Rejesus. 1980. The insecticidal activity of fancy buttons (Lantana camara L.) flower extracts to several insect species. Youth Res. Apprenticeship Action Prog. Rep., Society for the Advancement of Research. 19 pp. Unpublished:

Javier, P. A. and B. Morallo-Rejesus. 1982. Isolation and bioassay of insecticidal principles from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) against three stored grain insects. In Progress In Grain Protection. Proc. 5th Ann. Workshop on Grain Post-Harvest Protection. SEA Coop. Post-Harvest Res. and Dev. pp. 49-59.

Maghanoy, O. and B. Morallo-Rejesus. 1975. Insecticidal activity of extracts from Derris philippinensis. Youth Res. Apprenticeship Action Rep. Society for the Advancement of Research. 6 pp.

Morallo-Rejesus B. and L. Eroles. 1978. Two insecticidal principles from marigold (Tagetes spp.) roots. Philipp. Ent. 4: (1 & 2) 87-98.

Morallo-Rejesus Bland D. Silva. 1979. Insecticidal activity of selected plants with emphasis on marigold (Tagetes spp.) and makabuhay (Tinospora rumphii). NRCP Ann. Rept. 19 April 1978-March 1979. Mimeo 25 pp. Unpublished Rep.

Morallo-Rejesus B. and A. Decena. 1982. The activity, isolation, purification and identification of the insecticidal principles from Tagetes. Phil. J. Crop Sci. 7:31-36.

Ponce de Leon, E. L. 1983. Further investigation of the insecticidal activity of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and red pepper (Capsicum anuum) on major storage pests of corn and legumes. MS Thesis, University of the Philippines at Los BaÃ±os, College, Laguna. 44 pp.

Quebral, F. C. 1981. Assay on the fungicidal properties of some medicinal plants. Nat. Crop Prot. Center Ann. Rep. 1981. p. 21-25.

Saxena, R. C. 1984. Evaluation of neem seed derivatives against insect pests of rice. Paper read at the "Research Planning Workshop on Indigenous Plant Materials for Pest Control". International Rice Research Institute, Los BaÃ±os, Laguna. August 6-10 1984.