Objective:

By the end of this session trainees will describe how multiple rams, in series or parallel can be used in situations where h:H ratio, L:D ratio, or D make single ram unpractical or impossible.

Overview:

In small groups, trainees will solve problems to determine that single ram is impossible, and describe and size multiple system for meeting water need. Large group will discuss advantages/disadvantages of these systems, including cost efficiency.

Materials:

Handouts 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D

Problems 16A, 16B, 16C on flip chart

Flip charts, markers

Procedures:

Notes

1. Introduce session by reviewing limitations of hydram in terms of:

10 min.

- maximum h:H

- L: D ratios

- cost of galvanized pipe in large sizes

State objectives of session.

2. Form 3 small groups and assign each group one problem form Handout 16D. Distribute the relevant diagram (16A, B. or C) to the appropriate group.

The group task is to:

Allow 30 minutes for this.

- solve problem

- determine why single ram will not work

- study diagram and determine why the multiple ram arrangement will work

- size the multiple ram system

- plan 10 minute presentation to the large group

3. Representatives from each group present and answer questions.

30 min.

4. Ask large group to describe any additional advantages/disadvantages of multiple ram systems, any other situation they might be used in.

10 min.

5. Ask participants what application series/parallel rams have at their sites.