 | Surface water treatment by roughing filters - A design, Construction and Operation manual (1996) |
 |  | Publishers |
| | Foreword |
| | Preface |
| | Executive summary |
|  | Part 1: General aspects of roughing filter application |
| | 1. Historical development and experience with water treatment |
| | 2. Water treatment concept |
| | 3. Raw water quality |
| | 3.1 Raw water characterisation |
| | 3.2 Catchment area |
| | 3.3 Water quality analysis |
| | 4. Solid matter separation |
| | 4.1 Sedimentation |
| | 4.2 Roughing filtration |
| | 5. Bacteriological water quality improvement |
| | 5.1 Slow sand filtration |
| | 5.2 Chlorination |
| | 6. Layout of a water supply scheme |
| | 6.1 General considerations |
| | 6.2 Hydraulic profile |
| | 6.3 Treatment steps |
| | 6.4 Water distribution |
| | 7. Roughing filtration application |
| | 7.1 Historic use |
| | 7.2 Development of roughing filters |
| | Part 2: Design, construction and operation of roughing filters |
| | 8. Classification of roughing filters |
| | 9. General aspects of roughing filter design |
| | 9.1 Main features |
| | 9.2 Basic filtration theory |
| | 9.3 Design variables and guidelines |
| | 9.4 Flow and headloss control |
| | 9.5 Filter drainage system |
| | 9.6 General design aspects |
| | 10. Detailed filter design |
| | 10.1 Intake Filters |
| | 10.2 Dynamic filters |
| | 10.3 Vertical-flow roughing filters |
| | 10.4 Horizontal-flow roughing filters |
| | 11. Roughing filter efficiency |
| | 11.1 Practical experience |
| | 11.2 Pilot plant tests |
| | 12. Selection criteria for roughing filters |
| | 12.1 Raw water quality as selection criteria |
| | 12.2 Layout and operational aspects as selection criteria |
| | 13. Construction of roughing filters |
| | 13.1 Filter box |
| | 13.2 Filter material |
| | 13.3 Inlet and outlet structures |
| | 13.4 Drainage system |
| | 13.5 Gravel and sand washing facilities |
| | 14. Operation and maintenance of roughing filters |
| | 14.1 Caretaker training |
| | 14.2 Treatment plant commissioning |
| | 14.3 Flow control |
| | 14.4 Water quality control |
| | 14.5 Filter cleaning |
| | 14.6 Filter maintenance |
| | 15. Economic aspects |
| | 15.1 Construction costs |
| | 15.2 Operating and maintenance costs |
| | 15.3 Overall costs of water supply schemes |
| | 16. Design examples |
| | 16.1. Treatment of an upland river |
| | 16.2 Treatment of a lowland stream |
| | 16.3 Treatment of reservoir water |
| | 16.4 Rehabilitation of a slow sand filter plant |
| | 16.5 Standard designs for compact water treatment plants |
| | 17. Final remarks |
| | References |
| | Abbreviations |
| | Annexes |
| | Simple methods for water quality analysis |
| | Simple methods for discharge measurements |
| | Salient data and features of slow sand filters |
| | Roughing filter theory |
| | Pilot plant design examples |
| | Roughing filter design examples |
| | Outline for caretaker training |
| | Monitoring of filter operation |
| | Acknowledgements and credits |
Publishers
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Text Revisors: |
Sylvie Peter |
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Brian Clarke |
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Script Processing: |
Brigitte Hauser |
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Illustrations: |
Heidi Bolliger |
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Lydia Zweifel |
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Wey Photo Atelier |
Copyright © by SANDEC (Water & Sanitation in Developing Countries) at EAWAG (Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology), CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
Permission is granted for reproduction of this material, in whole or part, for education, scientific or development related purposes except those involving commercial sale, provided that
- full citation of the source is given
- written request is submitted to SANDEC
ISBN: 3-908001 -67-6
Publisher: Swiss Centre for Development Cooperation in Technology and Management (SKAT), CH-9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland
Distributor: Intermediate Technology Publications (it), 103-105 Southampton Row, London WC1B 4HH, England E-mail: itpubs@gn.apc.org; Fax.: +44-171 -436 2013
SANDEC
SANDEC's Roughing Filter Project was substantially cofinanced by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
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