BIBLIOGRAPHY

GENERAL

Abelson, P.H. 1982. Energy and chemicals from trees. Science 215(4538):1.

Abelson, P.H. 1980. Energy from biomass. Science 208(4450):1.

Abrahams, A.E. 1980. Renewable sources of energy and the tropical connection: an agronomic approach. In: Proceedings of the First Inter-American Conference on Renewable Sources of Energy. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Adelman, I., and Morris, C.T. 1962. Society, Politics and Economic Development A Quantitative Approach. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Agarwal, B. 1980. The Woodfuel Problem and the Diffusion of Rural Innovations. Final report submitted to the Tropical Products Institute, United Kingdom. Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.

Ahmed, W. 1974. Constraints and Requirements to Increase Women's Participation in Integrated Rural Development, Paper presented at the Seminar on the Role of Women in Integrated Rural Development with Emphasis on Population Problems. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

American Association for the Advancement or Science. 1979. Women and Development. Final report of a workshop conducted by the AAAS for the U.S. Department of State, 26-27 March 1979, Washington, D.C., USA.

Arnold, J.E.M. 1979. World energy and rural communities. Natural Resources Forum 3(3):229-252.

Ashworth, J.H. 1979. Renewable Energy Sources for the World's Poor: A Review of Current International Development Assistance Programs. Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, Colorado, USA.

Ashworth, J.H., and Neuendorffer, J.W. 1980. Matching Renewable Energy Systems to Village-Level Energy Needs. Solar Energy Research Institute, Golden, Colorado, USA.

Atje, R., Bajracharya, D., Donovan, D., Koppel, B., and Tarrant, J. 1980. Energy Analysis in Rural Regions: Studies in Indonesia, Nepal, and the Philippines. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Bach, W., and Mathaus, W.H. 1979. Exploring alternative energy strategies. Energy 4:711-722.

Bajracharya, D. 1980. Fuelwood and Food Needs versus Deforestation: An Energy Study of a Hill Village Panchayat in Eastern Nepal. East-West Resources Systems Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Baranson, J. 1967. Technology for Underdeveloped Areas. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.

Bassan, E., ed. 1981. Global Energy in Transition, Environmental Aspects of New and Renewable Sources for Development. Sierra Club International Earthcare Center, New York, New York, USA.

Barnett, H.G. 1953. Innovation, the Basis of Cultural Change. McGraw Hill, New York, New York, USA.

Bene, J.C., Beale, J.C., and Marshall, H.B. 1978. Energy from Biomass for Developing Countries. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

Bernard, H.R., and Pelto, P.S. 1972. Technology and Cultural Change. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, New York, USA.

Berry, E.H. 1976. Facilitating rural change. In: Contemporary Africa, edited by C. Gregory and J.F. Neuman. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

Berry, S.S. 1979. Risk and the Poor Farmer. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Bhalla, A.J., and Baron, C.G. 1976. Appropriate technology, poverty and unemployment: the ILO Project. Appropriate Technology 1(4):20-22.

Bhatia, R. 1980. Energy and rural development, an analytical framework for socio-economic assessment of technological and policy alternatives. (Available from author, Department of City and Regional Planning, 322 Gund Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.)

Bossen, S. 1975. Women in modernizing societies. American Ethnologist 2(4):587-601.

Briscoe, J. 1979. The Political Economy of Energy Use in Rural

Bangladesh. Environmental Systems Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Brode, J. 1969. The Process of Modernization: An Annotated Bibliography of the Socio-Cultural Aspects of Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Brokensha, D., ed. 1969. The Anthropology of Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Society for Applied Anthropology Monographs, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.

Brokensha, D., ed. 1965. Ecology and Economic Development in Tropical Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA.

Brown, L. 1980. Food or fuel: new competition for the world's cropland. Worldwatch Paper 35. Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.

Brown, M. 1977. Appropriate Technology for Industry in Developing Countries. Occasional Paper #15. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Brown, N.L., ed. 1978. Renewable Energy Resources and Rural Applications in the Developing World. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Brown, R.H. 1977. Appropriate technology and grass roots: toward a development strategy from the bottom up. Developing Economies 15(3):253-279.

Buvinic, M. 1976. Women and World Development: An Annotated Bibliography. Overseas Development Council, Washington, D.C., USA.

Burrell, G. 1980. Uniform Data Collection and Information Systems for Renewable Energy Projects. Rural Development, Inc., Burlington, Vermont, USA.

Cancian, F. 1968. Stratification and risk taking: a theory tested on agricultural innovation.American Sociological Review 32(6):912-927.

Carr, M. 1978. Economically Appropriate Technologies for Developing Countries: An Annotated Bibliography. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd., London, England.

Carr, M. 1976. Rural women, rural technology, rural development. Populi 3(4):44-50.

Cecelski, E., Dunkerley, J., and Ramsey, W. 1979. Household Energy and the Poor in the Third World. Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., USA.

Coburn, B. 1978. Proposal for Appropriate Technology Involvement in the National Parks of Kenya. Threshold, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA.

Cochrane, G. 1971. Development Anthropology. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Cohen, R. 1961. The success that failed: an experiment in culture change in Africa. Anthropologica 3:21-36.

Congdon, R.J., ed. 1977. Introduction to Appropriate Technology. Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, USA.

Cook, C.P. n.d. Annotated Bibliography on Energy Technology and Socio-Cultural Change in Africa. Inter-Culture Associates, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Cook, C.P. n.d. Spontaneous Socio-Technological Change. A Study of Low-Friction Technology Adoption in Africa. Inter-Culture Associates and ATEX, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Coombs, P.H., ed. 1980. Meeting the Basic Needs of the Rural Poor: The Integrated Community-Based Approach. A report of the International Council for Education Development. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.

Dalton, G. 1962. Traditional production in primitive African economies. Quarterly Journal of Economics 76(3):360-378.

Dasgupta, S. 1963. Innovation and innovators in Indian villages. Man in India 43:27-34.

Davidson, B. 1974. Can Africa Survive? Arguments Against Growth Without Development. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

De Giorgio, A., and Roveda, C., eds. 1980. Criteria for Selecting Appropriate Technologies Under Different Cultural, Technical and Social Conditions. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.

deLucia, R.J. 1980. International Applications of Renewable Energy Resources, Some Comments and Suggestions. Testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and National Resources, Subcommittee on Energy Conservation and National Resources. Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

deLucia, R.J. n.d. A Note on Some Biomass Related Technologies. Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

deLucia, R.J., and Bhatia, R. 1980. Economics of Renewable Energy Technologies in Rural Third World: A Review. Paper prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

deLucia, R.J., and Deagle, E.A., Jr. 1981. A Proposal for Energy Planning Assistance to Developing Countries. Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Development Alternatives, Inc. 1976. Small Farmer Risk Taking. Report to U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

deWilde, T. 1977. Some social criteria of appropriate technology. In: Introduction to Appropriate Technology, edited by R.J. Congdon. Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, USA.

Diaz Bordenane, J. 1976. Communication of agricultural innovations in Latin America: the need for new models. Communication Research 3:43-62.

Dickinson, H. 1977. Transfer of knowledge and adoption of technologies. In: Introduction to Appropriate Technology, edited by R.J. Congdon. Rodale Press, Emmaus, Pennsylvania, USA,

Diesendorf, M. 1979. Energy and People; Social Implications of Different Energy Futures. Society for Social Responsibility in Science, Canberra, Australia.

Downs, G.W., Jr., and Mohr, L.B. 1976. Conceptual issues in the study of innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 21:700-714.

Dunkerley, J., Ramsey, W., Gordon, T., and Cecelski, E. 1981. Energy Strategies for Developing Nations. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Drucker, C. 1980. Renewable energy technologies for development; soft path to dependency? Soft Energy Notes 3(3):14-15.

Dunn, P.D. 1978. Appropriate Technology. Technology With a Human Face. Schocken, New York, New York, USA,

El-Dayen, A. 1980. some Sociological Aspects in China. Asian Study Mission Report, Commission on International Relations/Board on Science and Technology for International Development, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Elmendorf, M. 1980. Finding out about energy needs and resources: the human dimension. In: Proceedings. International Workshop on Energy Survey Methodologies for Developing Countries. Jekyll Island, Georgia, 21-25 January. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Ernst, E. 1978. Fuel Consumption among Rural Families in Upper Volta, West Africa. Paper prepared for the 8th World Forestry Congress, 16-27 October 1978, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Esman, M.J. 1974. Popular participation and feedback systems in rural development. In: Communication Strategies for Rural Development, edited by R.H. Crawford and W.B. Ward. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA.

Evans, D.D., and Adler, L.N., eds. 1979. Appropriate Technology for Development. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Evans, I. 1980. A modest proposal to exploit humble foreigners. Rain 7(9):8-9.

Evenson, R. 1974. International diffusion of agrarian technology. Journal of Economic History 34(1):51-73.

Fallen-Bailey, D.G., and Byer, T.A. 1979. Energy Options and Policy Issues in Developing Countries. Staff Working Paper #350. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Firth, R., and Yamey, B.S. 1964. Capital, Savings and Credit in Peasant Societies. Chicago University Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Fitzsimmons, A.K., and McIntosh, T.L. 1978. Energy planning in Guatemala. Energy Policy 6:14-20.

Fliegel, F.C. 1968. A cross-national comparison of farmers' perceptions of innovations as related to adaption behavior. Rural Sociology 33:347-449.

Forman, S. 1981. Trip Report to Columbia and Honduras. Prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Foster, G.M. 1974. Technical assistance methodology: an anthropologist's view. Development Digest 12(3):87-94.

Franda, M. 1979.India's Rural Development. Indiana University Press, Bloomington,Indiana, USA.

French, D. 1979. The Economics of Renewable Energy Systems for

Developing Countries. Report to the al Dir'iyyah Institute and

U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

French, D. 1977. Appropriate Technology in Social Context: An Annotated Bibliography.Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Ganiere, N. 1973. Transfer of Technology and Appropriate Technologies: A Bibliography. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Goode, P.M. 1975. Village technology for African women. Appropriate Technology 2(3)r

Goodman, L.J., and Love, R.N. 1981. Biomass Energy Projects: Planning and Management. Published in cooperation with the East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.

Goulet, D. 1977. The Uncertain Promise: Value Conflicts in Technology Transfer. IDOC, North America, Inc., New York, New York, USA, in cooperation with the Overseas Development Council, Washington, D.C., USA.

Goulet, D. 1976. The suppliers and purchasers of technology: a conflict of interests. International Development Review 18(3):14-20.

Griffin, K. 1974. The Political Economy of Agrarian Change: An Essay on the Green Revolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Hall, D.O., Barnard, G.W., and Moss, P.A. 1981. Biomass for Energy in the Developing Countries. Pergamon Press, New York, New York, USA.

Hammond, P.B. 1980. Renewable Energy Diffusion in Developing Countries: Towards Strategic Guidelines. Paper prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hammond, P.B. 1978. An Introduction to Cultural and Social Anthropology. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, New York, USA.

Hammond, P.B. 1978. Social Soundness Ana1ysis. Mali Renewable Energy Project Paper. Center for Research on Economic Development' University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Hammond, P.B. 1966. Yatenga: Technology in the Culture of a West African Kingdom. Free Press, Hew York, New York, USA.

Hayes, P. 1982. Social structure and rural energy technology. In: Southern Perspectives on the Rural Energy Crisis, edited by A.K.N. Reddy, R.S. Ganapathy, and P. Hayes. Nautilus, Inc., Bolinas, California, USA.

Hayes, P. 1981. Rural Energy, Technological Change and Competing End-Uses. Prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hoole, P.W., ed. 1979. Evaluation Research and Development Activities. Sage Publications, Inc., Beverly Hills, California, USA.

Hoffman, H.K. 1980. Alternative energy technologies and third world rural energy needs: a case of emerging technological dependence. Development and Change (July).

Howe, J.W. 1980. New village uses of renewable energy sources. In: Village Viability in Contemporary Society. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Hughart, D. 1979. Prospects for Traditional and Non-conventional Energy Sources in Developing Countries. Staff Working Paper #346. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hursh, C.G., and Ray, P. 1976. Third World Surveys: Survey Research in Developing Nations. Macmillan Publishing Co., Delhi, India.

Jackson, S. 1972. Economics of Appropriate Technology for Developing Countries: A Survey. Occasional Paper $3. Overseas Development Council, Washington, D.C., USA.

Jedlicka, A.D. 1977. Organization for Rural Development: Risk Taking and Appropriate Technology. Praeger Publishing Co., New York, New York, USA.

Jedlicka, A.D. 1975. Diffusion of Technical Innovation: A Case for the Non-Sexist Approach among Rural Villages. Paper prepared for a Seminar on Women in Development sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Mexico City, Mexico.

Jequier, M., ed. 1976. Appropriate Technology: Problems and Promises. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Jequier, M. 1975. Intermediate technology: a new approach to development problems. OECD Observer 75:26-28.

Johnston, P. 1974. Appropriate Technologies for Small Developing Countries. Smoothie Publishing Company, Brighton, England.

Jones, G.E. 1967. The adoption and diffusion of agricultural practices. World Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Abstracts 9:1-34.

Kelly, P., and Kranzberg, M. 1975. Technological Innovation: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Khan, A.U. 1974. Appropriate technologies: do we transfer, adopt or develop? In: Employment in Developing Nations: A Report on a Ford Foundation Study, edited by E.O. Edwards. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Knight, C.G., and Neuman, J.G., eds. 1976. Contemporary Africa Geography and Change. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.

Lance, L.M., and McKenna, E.E. 1975. Analysis of cases pertaining to the impact of Western technology on the non-Western world, Human Organization 34(1):87-94.

Lear, J.G. 1974, Rural Development: Recognizing the Role of Women, A Selected Bibliography. National Planning Association, Washington, D.C., USA.

Lester, J.M. 1974. Technology Transfer and Developing Countries. A Selected Bibliography. George Washington University Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Lipinsky, E.S. 1978. Fuels from biomass: integration with food and material systems. Science 199:644-651.

Lipton, M. 1977.Let the Poor Stay Poor:Urban Bias in World Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge' Massachusetts, USA.

MacPherson, G., and Jackson, D. 1975. Village technology for rural development: agricultural innovation in Tanzania. International Labor Review 3(2):102-112.

Makhijani, A. 1978. Economics and Sociology of Alternate Energy Sources. UNDP seminar paper FP/0404-78-04(C1092).

Makhijani, A. 1976.Energy Policy for the Rural Third World. International Institute for Environment and Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Makhijani, A. 1976.Solar Energy and Rural Development for the Third World. Ballinger, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Malawi Energy Unit, 1981. Energy Notes1(2):1-2. Ministry of Agriculture, Box 30134, Lilongwe 3, Malawi.

Mann, R.D. 1976. A Survey Technique for Identifying the Needs of Small Farmes, and an Example of its Use in Zambia. Intermediate Technology Publishers, London, England.

Masrui, A. 1972. Cultural engineering and socialized technology. In: Cultural Engineering and Culture Building in East Africa, edited by A. Masrui. Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Meadows, D.H., Meadows, D.S., Randers, J., and Bebrans, W.W. 1972. The Limits of Land. Universe Books, New York, New York, USA.

Melchor, A., Jr. 1981. Options Immediately Available to the Region's Developing Countries to Lessen their Dependence on Imported Hydrocarbon Fuels. United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan.

Misch, M.R., and Margolin, J.B. 1975. Rural Women's Groups as Potential Change Agents: A Study of Colombia, Korea, and the Philippines. George Washington University Program of Policy Studies in Science and Technology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA.

Morrison, D.E. 1978. Energy, Appropriate Technology and International Interdependence. Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, San Francisco, California, USA.

Morse, R., and Fesharaki, F. 1980. Assessing Alternative Resources, Technologies, and Organizational Means for Meeting Energy Needs. Energy for Rural Development Program Report, PR-80-1. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

McInerney, J.P. 1978. The Technology of Rural Development. Staff Working Paper #295. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Nash, H. 1977. Progress as if Survival Mattered. Friends of the Earth, San Francisco, California, USA.

National Academy of Sciences. 1981. Staff Report: Environmental Degradation in Mauritania. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

National Academy of Sciences. 1981. Workshop on Energy and Agriculture in Developing Countries. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Proceedings. International Workshop on Energy Survey Methodologies for Developing Countries. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

National Academy of Sciences. 1980. Firewood Crops. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

National Academy of Sciences. 1977. Appropriate Technologies for Developing Countries. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

National Academy of Sciences. 1976. Energy for Rural Development: Renewable Resources and Alternative Technologies for Developing Countries. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Noronha, R. 1980. Sociological Aspects of Forestry Project Design. Department of Agriculture and Rural Development. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Obibuaku, S.O. 1979. Technical assistance and agricultural change in some Anambra state villages, Nigeria. Journal of Developing Areas 14:43-53.

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. 1975. Low Cost Technology: An Inquiry into Outstanding Policy Issues. OECD, Paris, France.

O'Kelly, E. n.d. Appropriate technology for women of the developing countries. Peace Corps Program and Training Journal 4(6):10-13.

Pak, S.J., and Taylor, C.R. 1976. Critical Factors in Economic Evaluation of Small Decentralized Energy Projects. Science and Technology Report #25. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Pala, A.O. 1975. The Role of African Women in Rural Development: Research Priorities. Institute for Development Studies Discussion Paper #203. University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Perkins, D., et al. 1977. Rural Small-scale Industry in the People's Republic of China. California University Press, Berkeley, California, USA.

Practical Concepts Incorporated. 1980. Planning Rural Energy Projects. A Rural Energy Survey and Planning Methodology for Bolivia. Available from PCI, 1730 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., USA.

Prakasam, T.B.S. 1981. Some Aspects of Biogas Technology in India and Egypt. Paper prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Radnor, M., Feller, I., and Rogers, E.M., eds. 1978. The Diffusion of Innovations: An Assessment. Center for the Inter-Disciplinary Study of Science and Technology, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Raghanen, S. 1974. Women's Role and Development Policies: A Bibliographic Index. Society for International Development, Committee on Women in Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Rao, R. 1980. When alternatives are inappropriate. New Scientist 28(30):4.

Reddy, A.K.N. 1979. Alternative and Traditional Energy Sources for the Rural Areas of the Third World. Paper prepared for the Royal Institute Forum on Third World Energy Strategies and the Role of Industrialized Countries, 20-27 June, London, England.

Reddy, A.K.N. 1978. Methodology for the selection of environmentally sound and appropriate technologies. Soft Energy Notes 1:59-60.

Revelle, R. 1979. Energy Sources for Rural Development. Paper presented at the Conference on Energy Alternatives of the United Nations University, 9-12 January. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Riegelman, M.A. 1975. A Seven Country Survey on the Roles of Women in Rural Development. Development Alternatives, Inc., Washington, D.C., USA.

Robinson, A., ed. 1979. Appropriate Technologies for Third World Development. St. Martins Press, New York, New York, USA.

Rochin, R.I. 1978. Why farmers do not adopt and utilize new technology. In: Proceedings and Issues of the CENTO Seminar on Increasing the Productive Capacity of Small Farmers in CENTO Countries, 17-21 December, Lahore, Pakistan. Central Treaty Organization, Ankara, Turkey.

Roeling, N.G., et al. 1976. The diffusion of innovations and the issue of equity in rural development. Communication Research 3:63-78.

Rogers, E.M. 1980. The Diffusion of Technological Innovations: Application to Renewable Energy Resources in Developing Nations. Paper prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Rogers, E.M., ed. 1976. Communication and Development: Critical Perspectives. Sage, Beverly Hills, California, USA.

Rogers, E.M. 1976. The passing of the dominant paradigm: reflections on diffusion research. In: Communication and Change: The Last Ten Years and the Next, edited by W. Schramm and D. Lerner. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Rogers, E.M. 1976. Where are we in understanding the diffusion of innovations? In: Communication and Change: The Last Ten Years and the Next, edited by W. Schramm and D. Lerner. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Rogers, E.M. 1964. Bibliography of Research on the Diffusion of Innovations. Department of Communications, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Rogers, E.M. 1962. Diffusion of Innovations. Free Press, New York, New York, USA.

Rothman, J. 1974. Planning and Organizing for Social Change: Action Principles for Social Science Research. Columbia University Press, New York, New York, USA.

Rounaq, J. 1975. Women in Bangladesh. In: Women Cross-Culturally: Change and Challenge, edited by R. Rohlich-Leavitt. Mouton World Anthropology Series, Mouton, The Hague, The Netherlands.

Ruttan, V.W., and Hayami, Y. 1973. Technology transfer in agricultural development. Technology and Culture 14:119-151.

Schlegel, C.C., and Tarrant, J. 1980. Thinking About Energy and Rural Development: Methodological Guidelines for Socioeconomic Assesament. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Schutjer, W.A., and Van Der Veen, M.G. 1976. Economic Constraints on Agricultural Technology Adoption in Developing Nations. Report available from the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Agricultural Experiment Station, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.

Scott, J. 1976. The Moral Economy of the Peasant. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Self, G. 1979. Design of Community Renewable Energy Projects. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Shell Briefing Service. 1980. Energy from Biomass. Newgate, London, England.

Sigurdson, J. 1979. Rural Industrialization in China. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Singer, B. 1977. Technologies for Basic Needs. International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland.

Smil, V. 1981. Energy in General and on Biomass in Particular. Paper prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Smil, V. 1979. Energy flows in the developing world. American Scientist 67(5):522-531.

Smith, K., Santerre, M., and Schlegel, S. 1980. Criterion Framework and Indicators for Comparing and Evaluating Alternative Energy Technologies. Resource Systems Institute Conference Paper. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Smith, K., and Santerre, M. 1980. Criteria for Evaluating Small-scale Rural Energy Technologies: m e Flert Approach. East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.

Spencer, D.S., and Woroniak, A., eds. 1967. The Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries. Praeger Publishing Co., New York, New York, USA.

Stewart, H. 1979. Technology and Underdevelopment. Westview Press Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Taylor, J. 1979. From Modernization to Modes of Production: A Critique of the Sociologies of Development and Underdevelopment. Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey, USA.

Taylor, K.S. 1978. Sugar and the Underdevelopment of Northeastern Brazil. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Thomas, J. 1975. The Choice of Technology in Developing Countries. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Tinker, I., and Bramsen, M.B., eds. 1976. Women and World Development. American Association for the Advancement of Science/Overseas Development Council, Washington, D.C., USA.

United Nations Development Programme. 1980. Rural Women's Participation in Development. Evaluation Study #3. UNDP, New York, New York, USA.

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. 1972. Women: the neglected human resource for African development. Canadian Journal of African Studies 16(2):359-370.

Van Allen, J. 1974. Women in Africa, modernization means more dependency. The Center Magazine 60-67.

Villegas, B.M. 1974. Korean appropriate technology that uses the resources of the third world and substitutes labor for capital. Ceres 7(3):44-47.

Von Blankenburg, P., and Schultz, M. 1970. The socio-economic context of agricultural innovation processes. Landwirtschaft 9(4):317-333.

Walsh, J. 1981. Technology transfer reappraised. Science 21:902.

Walton, J.D., Roy, A.H., and Bomar, S.H., Jr. 1978. A State of the Art Survey of Solar Powered Irrigation Pumps, Solar Cookers, and Wood Burning Stoves for Use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Ward, B.E. 1970. Women and technology in developing countries. Impact of Science on Society 20(1):93-101.

Warner, K. 1974. The need for some innovative concepts of innovation. Policy Sciences 5:443-451.

Weiss, C., Jr. 1979. Mobilizing technology for developing countries. Science 203:1083-1089.

Wharton, C.R., Jr. 1968. Risk, Uncertainty and the Subsistence Farmer: Techno-Ecological Innovation and Resistance to Change in the Context of Survival. Paper presented at the Joint Session of the American Economic Association and the Association for Comparative Economics, 28 December, Chicago, Ilinois, USA.

Wilkes, C.K. ed. 1973. The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment. Random House, New York, New York, USA.

Wolfe, M. 1975. Participation of women in development in Latin America. In: Women in Latin America: Three Contributions to a Discussion, edited by M. Wolfe, J. Garciarena, and H. Kirsch. United Nations Development Programme, 29 April-2 May, Caracas, Venezuela.

World Bank. 1982.Renewable Energy Sources. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

World Bank. 1980. Energy in the Developing Countries. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

World Bank. 1978. Appropriate Technology and World Bank Assistance to the Poor. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

World Bank. 1976. Appropriate Technology in World Bank Activities. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Wright, E.H. 1979. Introducing new technologies for alternative energy sources: the economic, social, and environmental considerations for developing countries. Energy Economics and Policy:4919-4925.

Wunsch, J.S. 1980. Renewable Resource Management. Decentralization and Localization in the Sahel: The Case of Afforestation. Manuscript.

AGROFORESTRY/SOCIAL FORESTRY/WOODLOTS

Ahn, B.W. 1978. Village Forestry in Korea. Paper presented at the 8th World Forestry Congress, 16-27 October, 1978, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Arnold, J.E.M., et al. 1979. Economic Analysis of Forestry Projects: Case Studies Forestry Paper 17, Supplement. Local Community Development. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.

Barnett, A. 1980. The Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Wood Fuel Technologies in the Rural Third World. Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, England.

Bene, J.G., Beale, H.W., and Cote, A. 1977. Trees, Food and People: Land Management in the Tropics. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

Bhaja, S.K. 1977. Social forestry in Tamil Nadu. Indian Farming 26(11):8.

Brokensha, D. and Riley, B. 1978. Forestry, Foraging, Fences and Fuel in a Marginal Area of Kenya. Paper prepared for Africa Bureau Firewood Workshop, 12-14 June. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Castanos, M., and Leon, J. 1978. Implementacion de Programas Forestales en Mexico pare el Desarrollo de las Communidades Locales. Paper presented at the Eighth World Forestry Conference. Jakarta, 16-27 October, 1978. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Cernea, M. 1980. Land Tenure Systems and Social Implications of a Forestry Development Program--a Case Study in Azad Kashmir. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Chandler, T., and Spurgeon, D., eds. 1979. International Cooperation in Agroforestry: Proceedings of an International Conference. Sponsored by German Foundation for International Development, Federal Republic of Germany and International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.

Digernes, T.H. 1977. Wood for Fuel--Energy Crisis Implying Desertification: The Case of Bara, the Sudan. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Norway.

Done, M. 1980. Development of tribal land rights in Borneo: the role of ecological factors. Borneo Research Bulletin 12(1):3-19.

Eckholm, E. 1979. Planting for the future: forestry for human needs. Worldwatch Paper 26. Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C., USA.

Eckholm, E. 1975. The other energy crisis: firewood. Worldwatch Paper 1. Worldwatch Institute, Washington' D.C., USA.

Fleuret, P.C., and Fleuret, A. 1978. Fuelwood use in a peasant community: a Tanzanian case study. The Journal of Developing Areas 12:315-322.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1981. Map of the Fuelwood Situation in Developing Countries. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Freeman, P.H. 1979. Forestry in Development Assistance: Background Paper for AID Policy and Programs. U.S. Agency For International Development, Development Support Bureau, Washington, D.C., USA.

French, D. 1978. Firewood in Africa. Paper prepared for Africa Bureau Firewood Workshop, 12-14 June. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Gamser, M.S. 1980. The forest resource and rural energy development. World Development 8:769-780.

Gregersen, H.M. 1982. Village Forestry Development in the Republic of Korea: A Case Study. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Gulick, F. 1979. Fuelwood and Other Renewable Energies in Africa: A Working Inventory of Current Programs and Proposals for ODC-AID. Paper prepared for Africa Bureau Firewood Workshop, 12-14 June. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hall, D.O., and Coombs, J. 1981. Biomass Production in Agroforestry for Fuels and Food. Prepared for ICRAF Consultative Meeting on Plant Research and Agroforestry. International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya.

Hammond, P.B. 1980. Issues in Social Forestry. Manuscript, 22 April. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hoskins, M. 1981. Communication and energy: community participation in forestry projects. Development Communication Report No. 33.

Hoskins, M. 1980. Social Dimensions in Local Forestry/Conservation Efforts, Manuscript. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hoskins, N. 1979. Community Participation in African Fuelwood Production, Transformation and Utilization. Report to Overseas Development Council and U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Hoskins, M. 1979. Women in Forestry for Local Community Development, A Programming Guide. Office of Women in Development, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Iyamabo, D.E., Onweluzo, B.S.K., and Okrie, P.E. 1977. Farm Forestry in Nigeria: Case Study on Forestry for Community Development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Karamchandani, K.P. 1981. Gujarat Social Forestry: A Case Study. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Keita, J.D. 1979. Elements de Strategie pour la Satisfaction des Besoins en Combustibles Ligneux du Sahel d'Ici l'An 2000. CILSS/Club du Sahel, Niamey, Niger.

Ki-Zerbo, J. 1980. The shortage of firewood is a daily vital concern. VITA News, Special Energy Issue 15 July.

Maghembe, J.A., and Redhead, J.F. 1980. Agroforestry: preliminary results of intercropping acacia, eucalyptus and leucaena with maize and beans. Division of Forestry, University of Dar-es-Salaam, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Moss, R.P., and Morgan, W.P. 1981. Fuelwood and Rural Energy

Production and Supply in the Humid Tropics. United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan.

National Research Council. 1983. Agroforestry in the West African Sahel. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

National Research Council. 1983. Environmental Change in the West African Sahel. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Noronha, R. 1981. Why is it so difficult to grow fuelwood? Unasylva 33(13).

Noronha, R. 1980. Village Woodlots: Are They a Solution? Paper prepared for the Panel on the Introduction and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Poulsen, G. 1979. Woodlots in the Sahel--is that the solution? Sylva Africana 4:3-4.

Poulsen, G. 1978. Man and Tree and Tropical Africa. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

Richardson, S.D. 1966. Forestry in Communist China. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Salem, B., and Tran van Nao. 1980. Fuelwood Production in Traditional Farming System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Spears, J.S. 1978. The Changing Emphasis in World Bank Lending: A Summary of Recent Experiences and Problem Areas of Relevance. Paper presented at the Eighth World Forestry Congress, Jakarta, Indonesia, 16-27 October 1978. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Spears, J.S. 1978. Wood as an Energy Source: The Situation in the Developing World. Paper presented at the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Forestry Association, Hot Springs, Arkansas, USA.

Spurgeon, D. 1980. Agroforestry: a promising system of improved land management in Latin American. Interciencia 5(3):176-178.

Thomson, J.T. 1980. Firewood Survey: Theory and Methodology. U.S.Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Thomson, J.T. 1980. Trouble Case Investigation of Problems in Nigerian Rural Modernization: Forest Conservation. Manuscript, available from the author, Department of Government, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA.

Tisseverasinghe, A.E.K. 1980. Agro-forestry for Papua New Guinea. Journal of the Forestry Society of the Papua New Guinea University of Technology 1(4):37-49.

Ulinski, C.A. 1978; U.S. Forestry and Ecology Program in the Sahel. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

Umali, D.C. 1979. Keynote Address to FAO/SIDA Seminar on Forestry in Rural Community Development, 13-15 December 1979, Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Weber, F.R. 1977. Reforestation in Arid Lands. Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier,Maryland, USA.

Westoby, J.C. 1978. Forest industries for socio-economic development. Commonwealth Forestry Review 58(2):107-116.

Winterbottom, R. 1979. Upper Volta Koudougou Agricultural Development Project. Appraisal Report for the Forestry Sub-Program. West Africa Projects Department, World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

World Bank. 1978. Forestry Sector Policy Paper. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.

Wood, D., et al. 1979. The Socio-Economic and Environmental Context of Fuelwood Use in Rural Communities of Developing Countries: Issues and Guidelines for Community Fuelwood Packages. U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, D.C., USA.

CHARCOAL

Bertrand, A. 1977. Les problèmes du bois de chauffage et du carbon du bois en Afrique tropicale. Revue de Bois et Forêts des Tropiques 173:39-48.

Blowers, M.J. 1980. Small scale charcoal production using the West Indian and Tongan type kilns. Journal of the Forestry Society of the Papua New Guinea university of Technology 1(4):23-36.

Earl, D.E. 1974. Charcoal: an Andre Mayer Fellowship Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

Earl, D.E., and Earl, A. 1975. Charcoal Making for Small Scale Enterprises: An Illustrated Training Manual. International Labour Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 1979. Issue Paper for the Technical Panel on Fuelwood and Charcoal. Prepared for the Preparatory Committee's Technical Panel for the United Nations Conference on New and Renewable Sources of Energy, 21-25 January 1980. FAO, Rome, Italy.

Garriott, G. 1982. Four improved charcoal kiln designs. VITA Energy Bulletin 2(1):11-13,15.

Hehr, J.J. 1967. Charcoal: Its Multifarious Effects in a Rural Guatemalan Community. M.A. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.

Ki-Zerbo, J., and De Lepeleire, G. 1979. L'Amelioration des Foyers pour ['Utilisation Domestique du Bois de Feu: Ses Possibilites et Son Impact au Sahel. Comité Inter-état pour la Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel and Club du Sahel, Niamey, Niger.

Little, E.C.S. 1978. The mini-cusab kiln for rapid small-scale manufacture of charcoal from scrub, coconut wood, and coconut shells. Appropriate Technology 5(1):12~14.

Little, E.C.S. 1972. A kiln for charcoal making in the field. Tropical Science 14(3):261-270.

Martin, L.H. 1977. The Ecology and Economics of Cooking Fuels in Ghana. M.A. Thesis, American University, Washington, D.C., USA.

Milhayi, L. 1972. On the Investigation Into Nature, Economic and Social Significance of the Charcoal Industry in Zambia. Department of Geography, University of Zambia.

Winslow, A. 1979. Charcoal (Annotated Bibliography). Commonwealth Forestry Bureau, Oxford, England.

GASIFICATION

Breag, G.R., and Chittenden, A.E. 1979. Producer Gas: Its Potential and Application in Developing Countries. Tropical Products Institute, London, England. (PubIication G-130.)

Doroteo, N.B., and Carrillo, V.H. 1980. Producer gas: energy from rice husk, charcoal, wood. Pipeline 1(1):4-7.

Eoff, K.M., and Post, F.M. 1980. How to Power a Gasoline Engine with Wood. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Goss, J.R., and Coppick, R.H. 1980. Producing gas from crop residues. California Agriculture 34(5):4-6.

Groenveld, M.J., and Westerterp, K.R. 1980. Social and economical aspects of the introduction of gasification technology in the rural areas in developing countries. Chemical Age of India 31:185-193.

Onaji, P.B., Adelfila, S.S., and Beenackers, A. 1980. Economic feasibility of gasification in Nigeria. Chemical Age of India 31:194-197

Rogers, K.E., ed. 1979. Technology and Economics of Wood Residue Gasification. Proceedings of the Tenth Texas Industrial Wood Seminar, 13 March 1979, Lufkin, Texas, USA.

COOKSTOVES

Anonymous. 1980. Des cuisinières à bois et à charbon pour la survie du Sahel. Le Soleil 4 August.

Anonymous. 1979. The Tungko earth stove. Earthman 3-4 December.

Brown, J. 1977. Technical Summary of the Lime Kiln Project in Honduras. Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Centro de Desarrollo Industrial. Programa de Tecnologias Rurales. 1980. La Estufa Lorena. Servicio de Informacion y Recursos Técnicos, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Corillon, C., and Gritzner, J. 1981. Discussions in the West African Sahel concerning renewable energy technologies, with particular emphasis upon efforts to evaluate and introduce more efficient wood-burning stoves. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

deSilva, D. 1981. A charcoal stove from Sri Lanka. Appropriate Technology 7(4):22-24.

Dutt, G.S. 1981. Field Evaluation of Wood Stoves (with Special Reference to West Africa). Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Dutt, G.S. n.d. Efficient wood burning cooking stove literature. Center for Environmental Studies, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.

Edwards, S.S. 1979. Central America: the Lorena cookstove. In: Appropriate Technology for Development, edited by D. Evans, and L. Adler. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Elmendorf, C.L. 1980. Case Study on Fechovil's Program of Improved Stove Diffusion in Honduras. Foundation for Cooperative Housing, Washington, D.C., USA.

Evans, I. 1979. Lorena Owner-Built Stoves. Volunteers in Asia, Stanford, California, USA.

Evans, I., Gern, E., and Jacobs,1980. Improved Cookstoves for Rural Senegal. Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Geller, H.S. 1981. Comparison of Efficiency Between Traditional and Hyderabad Cookstoves. Centre for the Application of Science and Technology to Rural Areas (ASTRA), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Geller, H.S. 1981. Cooking in the Ungra Area: Fuel Efficiency, Energy Losses, and Opportunities for Reducing Firewood Consumption. Centre for the Application of Science and Technology to Rural Areas (ASTRA), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Geller, H.S. 1981. Experiments with Modified and New Woodburning Cookstoves--Efficiency Test Results. Centre for the Application on Science and Technology to Rural Areas (ASTRA), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

German Appropriate Technology Exchange. 1980. Helping People in Poor Countries Develop Fuel-Saving Cookstoves. Aprovecho Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA.

Instituto Centroamericano de Investigacion y Tecnologia Industrial. 1981. Guia Para la Construccion, Uso v Mantenimiento de Estufas Domésticas de Lena. ICAITI, Guatemala

Joseph, S., and Shanahan, Y. 1981. Laboratory and Field Testing of Monolithic Mud Stoves. Intermediate Technology Development Group, Ltd., London, England.

Joseph, S., and Trussell, J. 1981. Report on Advisory Visit to the VITA Wood Stove Project in Upper Volta, 16 February to 2 March, 1981. Prepared for Volunteers in Technical Assistance. Intermediate Technology Consultants, Ltd., London, United Kingdom.

Ki-Zerbo, J. 1980. Improved Woodstoves: User's Needs and Expectations in Upper Volta. Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Ki-Zerbo, J., and De Lepeleire, G. 1979. L'Amelioration des Foyers pour ['Utilisation Domestique du Bois de Feu: Ses Possibilités et Son Impact au Sahel. Comité Inter-etat pour la Lutte contre la Sécheresse au Sahel and Club du Sahel, Niamey, Niger.

Knowland, W. 1980. Better stoves and forests in Indonesia. Open letter to Peter B. Martin, Executive Director, Institute of Current World Affairs, Wheelock House, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.

Micuta, W. 1981. Modern Stoves for All. Fondation de Bellerive, Geneva, Switzerland.

Ministerio de Agricultural Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario. n.d. Estufa de Carbon (o lena). Servicio Nacional de Planos, Seccion de Infraestructura, Colombia.

Norman, H.R. 1980. Proposed Project to Develop Woodstoves in Upper Volta. Volunteers in Technical Assistance, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Prasad, K.K., ed. 1981. A Study on the Performance of Two Metal Stoves. Woodburning Stove Group, Eindhoven University of Technology and Divisions of Technology for Society, TNO, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.

Roggeman, J.B. 1980. Les Fourneaux Ameliorès dans le Sahel. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, France.

Singer, H. 1961. Report to the Government of Indonesia on Improvement of Fuelwood Cooking Stoves and Economy in Fuel Wood Consumption. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.

South Pacific Commission. Community Education Training Centre. n.d. How to Build a Smokeless Stove.South Pacific Commission, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.

Strehlke, B. 1979. Intermediate technology for forestry in developing countries. Forstarchiv 40(9):203-204.

Volunteers in Technical Assistance. l980. Wood Conserving Cookstoves: A Design Guide. VITA, Mt. Rainier, Maryland, USA.

Walton, J.D., Jr., Roy, A.H., and Bomar, S.H., Jr. 1978. A State of the Art Survey of Solar Powered Irrigation Pumps, Solar Cookers, and Wood Burning Stoves for Use in Sub-Saharan Africa. Georgia Instltute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Weir, A., and Richolson, J. 1980. The Nasinu Wood-Burning Stoves: A Preliminary Report. Fiji Forestry Department/University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.

Wood, T.S. 1981. Laboratory and Field Testing of Improved Woodstoves in Upper Volta. Paper prepared for Panel on the Introduction. and Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technologies. National Academy of sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

BIOGAS

Barnett, A., et al. 1978. Biogas Technology in the Third World. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

Bhatia, R. 1977. Economic Appraisal of Biogas Units in India: A Framework for Social Benefit Cost Analysis. Institute for Economic Growth, New Delhi, India.

Fuller, R. 1980. Bangladesh big-gas developments. ADAB News (Dacca) 3(7):8-9.

Ghate, P. B. 1979. Biogas : a decentralized energy system. Economic and Political Weekly (Bombay), India, July 7:1132-1136.

Khandelwal, K.C. 1979. Implementation of biogas programme at village level--a case study. Abstracts, National Symposium on Biogas Technology and Usage. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Loehr, R.D. 1978. Methane from human, animal and agricultural wastes. In: Renewable Energy Resources and Rural Applications in the Developing World, edited by N.L. Brown. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

McGarry, M.G., and Stanforth, J., eds. 1978. Compost, Fertilizer, and Biogas Production from Human and Farm Wastes, in the People's Republic of China. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.

National Academy of Sciences. 1979. Methane Generation from Human, Animal, and Agricultural Wastes. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., USA.

Openshaw, K. 1980. The fuel problem grows larger as African forests get smaller. VITA News July:11-13.

Roberts, R.S., Jr. 1979. Tanzania: biogas generator. In: Appropriate Technology for Development, edited by D.D. Evans and L.N. Adler. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Ray, P. 1977. Social Aspects of Biogas Plants. Paper presented at the Workshop on Bio-Gas Systems, Management Development Institute, New Delhi, India.

Sathianathan, M.A. 1975. Bio-gas Achievements and Challenges. Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development, New Delhi, India.

Singh, K.H. 1979. Extension aspects of cow dung gas plant. Abstracts, National Symposium of Biogas Technology and Usage, New Delhi, 29-30 November. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.

Surahmanian, S.K. 1977. Bio-gas Systems in Asia. Management Development Institute, New Delhi, India.

Van Buren, A., ed. 1976. A Chinese Biogas Manual. Intermediate Technology Publications Limited, London, England.

ALCOHOL FUELS

Adams, R.I. 1979. Agricultural Adjustments to Brazil's Alcohol Program: A Regional Economic Analysis. Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

Anonymous. 1980. Ethanol project to be set up to improve the income of farmers. Indonesian Observer September 12.

Bhatia, R.K. 1980. Fuel Alcohol from Agro Products: A Conceptual Framework for a Study in India and Papua New Guinea. Department of City and Regional Planning, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

Carmo, A.T. 1978. O Programa Nacional do Alcool: Balanços e Perspectivos. Brasil Acucareiro, 17-24 October.

Chancellor, W.J. 1978. The role of fuel and electrical energy in increasing production for traditionally based agriculture. Technical Paper of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 78-5529. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan, USA.

DaSilva, J.G., et al. 1978. Energy balance for ethyl alcohol production for crops. Science 201:903-906.

Hammond, A.L. 1977. Alcohol: a Brazilian answer to the energy crisis. Science 195:566-567.

Jones, J.L., et al. 1978. Alcohol Fuels Production Technology and Economics. Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, Californla, USA.

Kuhner, J. 1980. Impact of biomass-derived energy programs. In: IV International Symposium on Alcohol Fuels Technology, 5-8 October, Guaruja, S.P., Brazil.

Weisz, P.B., and Marshall, J.F. 1979. High-grade fuels from biomass farming: potentials and constraints. Science 206:24-29.

World Bank. 1980. Alcohol Production from Biomass--Potential and Prospects in the Developing Countries. World Bank, Washington, D.C., USA.