Abreviations

ACARESC: Associaçao de Crédito e Assistência Rural de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

ACARPA: Associaçao de Crédito e Assistência Rural do Paraná, Curitiba; now called: EMATERPR

APAC: Associaçao de Produtores Autónomos da Cidade e do Campo; Sao Joao de Meriti, Brazil

ASSESOAR: Associaçao de Estudos, Orientaçao e Assistência Rural, Francisco Beltrao, Brazil

AT: Animal traction

CEC: Cation exchange capacity

CEEMAT: Centre d'Etudes et d'Expérimentation du Machinisme Agricole Tropical, Montpellier, France

CFA: Comunauté Financière Africaine

CIRAD: Département du Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement,Montpellier, France

CPATSA: Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Semi-Arido, Petrolina, Brazil

CPPP/EMPASC: Centro de Pesquisas para Pequenas Propriedades (Empresa Catarinense de Pesquisa Agropecuária),Chapecó, Brazil

DED: Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst, Berlin (West); German Volunteer Service

EMATER -PR: Empresa de Assistência Técnica e Extensao Rural, Curitiba, Brazil

EMBRAPA: Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brasília, Brazil

EMBRATER: Empresa Brasileira de Assistência Técnica e Extensao Rural, Brasília, Brazil

FAC: Font d'Aide et de Coopération, France

FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

FRG: Federal Republic of Germany

FS: French Soil Classification System

ha: Hectare

IAC: Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil

IAPAR: Fundaçao Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, Londrina, Brazil

IBGE: Fundaçao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ICRISAT: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger

IITA: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria

IPAT: Interdiciplinary Group for Appropriate Technology, Technical University of Berlin (West)

ISRA: Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agonomique, Dakar, Senegal

LLCD: Least Developed Countries

MOT: Motorized mechanization

mt: metric ton

ORSTOM: Institut Français de Recherche Scientifique pour le Développement en Coopération, Paris, France

PES: Division de la Programmation, de l'Evaluations et des Statistiques du PROPTA, Togo

PROPTA: Projet pour la Promotion de la Traction Animale, Togo

R Value: Measurement for land-use intensity, directly proportional to time of fallow and utilization of the field

SEMA: Secteur de Modernisation Agricole, Senegal

SISMAR: Société Industrielle Sahélienne de Mécaniques, de Matériels Agricoles et de Représentations, Dakar,Senegal

SNLCS: Serviço Nacional de Levantamento e Conservaçao de Solos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

SODEFITEX: Société de Développement des Fibres Textiles, Senegal

SOTOCO: Societé Togolaise de Coton, Togo

STED: Societé Togolaise d'Etude et de Développement, Togo

TIRDEP: Tanga Integrated Rural Development Programme, Tanga, Tanzania

TU Berlin: Technical University of Berlin (West)

UK: United Kingdom

UPROMA: Unité de Production de Matériel Agricole, Kara, Togo

USST: U.S. Soil Taxonomy: U.S. American Soil Classification System

The brand names of the draft animal implements are generally not listed here.