Time

Activities

1. Trainer introduces sub-systems and gives brief lecture including:

- The community analysis model with which you will be working assumes that you can break down a community, for purposes of analysis, into a series of segments or sub-systems.

- Each segment, in the real world, interacts with the other to produce a continual movement and balance which keeps the community active. Change in one segment can affect the other and vice versa. Intervention will do the same, e.g., if you introduce improved piggery techniques by penning up pigs and feeding them rather than letting them forage for food (an economic intervention), you affect community health by reducing swine-borne diseases. Cutting across all segments of the community, you will find that there are common elements. These common elements are defined as:

A. resources (both human, natural and manmade);

B. problems possibly exist - problems are defined as the gap between what is and what should he (what "should be" is often defined culturally);

C. patterns exist which give you clues about what is there, and how persons perceive them (these patterns of behavior often include cultural habits, as well as biological necessities); and, finally

D. among the human resources you will probably find that leadership exists in many of the sub-areas of the community.

The following model describes this approach to the community:

SUB-SYSTEMS

Kinship Birth,

sex, marital status, ethnic groups, habitation, migration, family, relatives, demography, population.

Health

hygiene, infirmity, hospitals, campaigns, nursing, pharmacy, medicine, dentistry, sanitation, public health, mortality.

Maintenance

Consumers, bars, stores, hotels, diets, food/drink, clothing, warehouse, malnutrition.

Affinity

Friendship, love, hate, association, clubs, unions, co-ops, federations, societies, solidarity, integration.

Leisure

Tourism, holidays, games, free time, music/songs, diversions, sports, hobbies, exhaustion, relaxation.

Communications

Trips, transportation, accidents, languages, newspapers, broadcast stations, telecommunications, networks.

Education

Culture, teachers, didactics, research, study, school, library, education, academics, teaching.

Ownership

Public/private property, possessions, assets,wealth/salaries, rich/poor, distribution of wealth, stock market, GNP.

Extra- Ag-IND-ART

Manufacture, enterprises, firms, specialists, departments, arts, technologies, farming, energy, extractive industry.

Religious

Creeds, beliefs, participation, churches, ministers, rites, congregations.

Security

Police power, combativity, defense, attacks, crimes, violence/war, armed forces, military operations, tear.

Administrative

Public power, planning, political parties, hureaucracy, regime, public administration, government.

Judicial

Laws, justice, rights, duties, courts, codes, legal process, jurists.

Status

Prestige, respect, merit, competition, privilege, titles, excellence, elites, "who's who", nobel prize, monuments.

Trainer's Note: We have used this model because it is all inclusive of social sub-systems used in social planning in the Americas. You may wish to use a shorter version called KEEPRAH, Holistic Model, developed by Phil Donohue and used in the early l960's at Peace Corps Training Center, Escondido, California.

Explain what each sub-system is, if necessary.

If you were doing a community analysis, you would formulate a series of questions under each subsystem, then try to find the answer to the question by going into the community and seeking information.

1 - 1 1/2 hours

2. Ask the group to break into small groups of 5 or 6 and brainstorm questions in each area: for example (write these examples on flip chart) as follows:

Kinship

(This has to do with family patterns, relations and organization)

1. How big are families?

2. Is the mother or the father the decision maker, land owner, bread winner, etc.?

3. Who raises the children? etc.

Education

1. What is the average grade that children achieve in school?

2. Are there schools? etc.

Trainer's Note: You have several choices here. Each group may do all sub-systems or may select one or more then share results with the other groups.

3. Bring the group together, if appropriate, share questions. If not appropriate, move on to asking people how they plan to find out the answers to their questions.

30 minutes

Hints There are several methods of gathering data and the group should try out a variety of ways: sitting in one place and watching what goes on (flow analysis), asking questions, looking for anything written if it exists, conducting a non-threatening interview, observation, etc. Each person should think about how he/she is going to gather data. stress that each person must keep notes and write down findings in their journals.