Forestry training manual Inter-America Region: Session LX Grafting and fruit trees

Forestry training manual Inter-America Region

		Information collection & exchange
		Acknowledgements
		Trainer guidelines
		Training program overview
		Forestry observation guide for site visit
		Getting ready
		Conducting the training program
		Weekly evaluation form
		Session I day one
		Daily schedule for technical training
		Session II special projects
		Session III The forest of the world, peace corps forestry goals, the individual volunteers' roles
		Session IV Language class
		Session V Exercise I: Record keeping
		Session VI Exercise II
		Session VII Flowers, seeds, the beginning
		Session VIII Spanish language class
		Session IX Non-verbal communication
		Session X Basic site selection, planning and layout of a nursery
		Session XI Spanish language class
		Session XII Cultural values
		Session XIII Soil preparation, seed bed sowing, and reproduction by clippings
		Session XIV Spanish language
		Session XV Communication through illustration
		Session XVI Fertilizers, watering and containers
		Session XVII Spanish language
		Session XVIII Protection and record keeping
		Session XIX Individual interviews
		Session XX Planting trees
		Session XXI Spanish language session
		Session XXII Introduction to extension
		Session XXIII The principals of pruning and thinning
		Session XXIV Spanish language
		Session XXV Volunteer's role as an extensionist
		Session XXVI Pacing, plane table, rustic transit and compass
		Session XXVIII Spanish language
		Session XVIII Forestry extension
		Session XXIX Forest menstruation
		Session XXX Spanish language
		Session XXXI Working with groups as an extension worker
		Session XXXIII Spanish language
		Session XXXIV Lesson plan and use of visual aids in teaching
		Session XXV Small research projects
		Session XXXVI Individual interviews
		Session XXXVII Soils
		Session XXXVIII Spanish language
		Session XXXIX Community analysis introduction
		Session XL Soil erosion
		Session XLI Spanish language
		Session XLIII Watershed management
		Session XLIV Spanish language
		Session XLV Review of expectations - mid way
		Session XLVI Spanish language
		Session XLVII Species report
		Session XLVIII Forestry issues
		Session XLIX Spanish language
		Session L Field trip overview
		Session LI Ecology teams give presentations
		Session LII Individual interviews
		Session LIII Review of field trips
		Session LIV Project planning: goal setting
		Session LV Spanish language
		Session LVI Resources
		Session LVII Compost heap - insect collection - light gaps
		Session LVIII Spanish language
		Session LIX Cultural shock - are we ready for it?
		Session LX Grafting and fruit trees
		Session LXI Spanish language
		Session LXII Professional approaches to interaction with host country officials
		Session LXIII Final interviews
		Session LXIV Graduation

Session LX Grafting and fruit trees

Total Time: 3 1/2 hours

Goals:

- To acquaint foresters with fruit tree care and grafting techniques.

Overview

Foresters are often expected to be experts in all trees including fruit trees - so it is important to be aware of fruit tree culture.

Exercise I: Lecture on fruit trees and grafting practice.

Materials: Fruit trees for thinning, grafting, sharp knife, sharpening stone, plastic tape (grafting tape), bees wax.

Exercise I Lecture on fruit trees and grafting practice.

Total Time: 3 1/2 hours

Overview

In this exercise trainees learn about fruit trees and fruit tree reproduction.

Procedures

Time	Activities
	1. Trainer gives the following lecture on fruit trees.
Grafting and Fruit Trees FRUIT TREES AND FORESTRY Foresters are often expected to be experts in all kinds of trees including fruit trees - so it is important to be aware of some of the basics of fruit tree culture. I. Differences between forestry for wood products and for fruit A. Short term, usually annual production cycle. B. Intensive cultural practices; fertilization, pruning, grafting, disease and pest control. C. In summary, fruit trees are domesticated trees needing a series of special treatments. II. Critical Cultural Practices in detail A. Pruning 1. Specific systems vary according to the crop 2. Some basic rules are generally valid a. space for every branch and a branch for every space. b. watch the timing - generally in the lowest growth period (dormancy) of the tree. c. prune in a way that the tree can heal over clear cuts, no projecting stumps - so that rain will not collect in the cut. B. Grafting 1. What? - The union of the cambium layers of a parent tree (stock) and a desired variety (scion) in such a way that the two form a solid, growing unit. a. continued growth from the scion is true to the scion's characteristics and is not a combination of stock and scion. b. essential to protect grafts of all types with wax and/or by wrapping to prevent drying out or mechanical damage. 2. Why? a. to achieve desired variety of fruit with root stock adapted to local conditions. b. to gain time - multiplying a desired variety; faster than plants from seeds. c. to assure genetic purity. d. to have several varieties on one tree for pollination purposes. e. for repair purposes - renewing an old tree or repairing girdled trunks - rodents or mechanical damage. 3. When? - Beginning of the growth period. 4. Types a. top working - renewing of a tree - cleft graft, - whip graft, - bark graft. b. repair - bridge graft c. budding - most practical and reliable, - demonstrations and practice of cutting bud shields, - T-cuts, inserting and wrapping.
3 hours	2. Trainer now demonstrates grafting technique and trainees practice techniques.

Trainer's Note: During pilot we were able to arrange for some trainees to observe beekeeping during this same time. We gave trainees the choice between fruit tree grafting and beekeeping.