Application of biomass-energy technologies

Foreword

Introduction

A. The need for modernization

B. Experience from case studies

I. Woodfuel production technologies

A. Introduction

B. Botswana

C. Lesotho

D. Malawi

E. Mozambique

F. Swaziland

G. United Republic of Tanzania

H. Zambia

I. Zimbabwe

K. Conclusions

II. Improved charcoal production

A. Introduction

B. The Malawi Charcoal Project

C. Charcoal markets

D. Constraints

E. Policy environment and role of the Government

F. Role of entrepreneurs and informal-sector artisans

G. Local research initiatives and indigenous technical skills

H. Role of non-governmental organizations

I. Role of end-users

J. External financial support and local credit and banking institutions

III. Fuel-efficient cookstoves

A. The KCJ Project

B. Traditional cookstoves

C. Development of the KCJ - the institutions

D. Constraints

E. Policy environment and role of the Government

F. Role of private entrepreneurs and informal-sector artisans

G. Local research initiatives and indigenous technical skills

H. Role of non-governmental organizations

I. Role of the end-users

J. External financial support and local credit and banking institutions

K. Conclusions

IV. Conversion of biomass into ethanol

A. Introduction

B. Brazil

C. Zimbabwe

D. Malawi

E. Kenya

F. Thailand

V. Biogas

A. Introduction

B. India

C. China

VI. Conversion of biomass into electricity

A. Gasification

B. Pura village, India

C. Hosahalli village, India

D. Mauritius

E. The Philippines

F. The South Pacific

G. Indonesia

H. Mali

I. Brazil - potential

VII. Perceived problems, solutions and policy options

A. Environmental impacts

B. Food or fuel?

C. Land availability

D. Raw-material supply

E. R&D and technology transfer

F. Social factors

G. Economics

H. Policy

I. Institutions

VIII. Conclusion

References