 | The uncertain quest: science, technology, and development |
 |  | Note to the reader from the UNU: |
| | Foreword |
| | Preface |
| | Acknowledgements |
|  | Introduction: From tradition to modernity |
| | The importance of science and technology |
| | Science, technology, and society |
| | The institutional and policy requirements |
| | The new international context |
| | Modernity and the uncertain quest |
| | References |
| | Part 1: Science, technology, and development |
| | 1 Modern science and technology |
| | The emergence of modern science |
| | The expansion of modern science and technology |
| | Cultures and coexistence of rationalities |
| | References |
| | 2 The story of development thinking |
| | Pioneers in development |
| | The discipline develops |
| | The centre and the periphery |
| | Questioning and crises |
| | Prospects |
| | References |
| | 3 Measuring science, technology, and innovation |
| | The growing need for R&D and innovation indicators |
| | From macro-phenomena to innovation processes |
| | Towards a worldwide standard for R&D surveys |
| | Quantitative descriptions and qualitative assessments |
| | The overall scope of R&D statistics among developing countries |
| | Has R&D spending by developing countries increased? |
| | In which regions are the world's R&D resources concentrated? |
| | Science, technology, and new economic patterns |
| | Innovation indicators in the making |
| | The "second-generation" statistical manuals |
| | References |
| | Part 2: From history to current challenges |
| | 4 Western science in perspective and the search for alternatives |
| | What is Western science? |
| | The critiques |
| | The search for alternatives |
| | The example of India |
| | The significance of the alternatives |
| | References |
| | 5 The institutionalization process |
| | Overview |
| | The Pandora's box of "colonial science" |
| | Strategies and styles of the major powers |
| | Cultural responses to Western learning |
| | The disciplines and institutions of colonial science |
| | Institutional growth in the moulds of "national science" |
| | The role of government science policy |
| | The interface between higher education and research capabilities |
| | Concluding remarks |
| | References |
| | 6 The behaviour of scientists and scientific communities |
| | The scientific communities in developing countries |
| | Scientific community: A concept open to challenge |
| | The widening gap and the need for a revised typology |
| | National scientific communities and styles of science |
| | The origins, behaviours, and conditions of scientists |
| | Origins |
| | Higher education and research training |
| | Brain drain and brain gain |
| | Research scientists in search of statutes and status |
| | Choosing research topics and practicing research |
| | Scientific production: Not very visible |
| | The place of third world science in mainstream science |
| | Mainstream science and local science: A needed revision |
| | Concluding remarks |
| | References |
| | 7 Technology, economics, and late industrialization |
| | Lights and shadows of conventional neoclassical growth theory |
| | Alternative theoretical routes |
| | Import substitution industrialization in the 1960s and 1970s |
| | The 1980s: Towards a new socio-economic and technological scenario |
| | Concluding remarks |
| | References |
| | 8 Technological capabilities |
| | Firm-level technological capabilities (FTC) |
| | National technological capabilities |
| | National technological capabilities: Some evidence from developing countries |
| | Conclusions and implications |
| | References |
| | 9 The environmental challenge |
| | The first debate on environment and development |
| | Slow progress towards ecologically and environmentally friendly development |
| | Signposts for the future |
| | Concluding remarks: Disentangling Prometheus |
| | References |
| | Part 3: The policy dimension |
| | 10 Science and technology policy |
| | Science and technology policy: Rationale and issues |
| | Instruments for science and technology policy |
| | The implications of trade policy |
| | Experiences and approaches in the third world |
| | The United Nations system |
| | The knowledge base for STP |
| | Conclusion: Key contemporary issues for STP |
| | References |
| | 11 Technology transfer and diffusion |
| | Elements and mechanisms of technology transfer |
| | Historical background |
| | The technology market |
| | Towards a revised framework |
| | Concluding remarks |
| | References |
| | 12 Technology choice and development |
| | The 1950s and 1960s: Growth, investment allocation, and technology choice |
| | The 1970s: Technology, employment, and basic needs |
| | Appropriate technology |
| | Appropriate products |
| | Technology and employment |
| | The 1980s: Macro issues, new technologies, and capabilities |
| | Macroeconomic aspects of technology choice |
| | New technologies and blending |
| | Technological capabilities |
| | Prospects for the 1990s |
| | References |
| | 13 New technologies: Opportunities and threats |
| | Information technology |
| | Biotechnology |
| | New and advanced materials |
| | References |
| | 14 Technology assessment |
| | Historical background |
| | The methodology and its critics |
| | A typology of technology assessment and policy analysis |
| | Stakeholder participation in technology assessment |
| | Concluding remarks |
| | References |
| | Conclusion: Perspectives for the future |
| | Contributors |
| | Other titles of interest |
The uncertain quest: science, technology, and development
Edited by
Jean-Jacques Salomon,
Francisco R. Sagasti, and
Céline Sachs-Jeantet
United Nations University Press
TOKYO - NEW YORK - PARIS
© The United Nations University, 1994
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations University.
United Nations University Press
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UNUP-835
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