Essays on Food, Hunger, Nutrition, Primary Health Care and Development (AVIVA, 280 pages)

About the Auhor

1. The causes of hunger and malnutrition: macro and micro determinants

(introductory text...)

Macro and micro causes of malnutrition

Diagnosing the causes of hunger and malnutrition

Proposing solutions

The role of ideology (4)(5)

A critical look at nutrition planning

Working with the community

References

2. Technical, ethical and ideological responsibilities in nutrition

(introductory text...)

Introduction

Science: Its political, ideological and ethical implications

The scientist as a promoter of status quo or social change

Economic power, political power and poverty

Where do liberal food and nutrition workers stand?

A critical look at our profession and ourselves

The future challenge

References

3. De-Westernizing health planning and health care delivery: a political perspective1

(introductory text...)

Understanding the roots of the problem: Western medicine and its hierarchy:

The participation issue:

Decentralization

Steps towards de-westernization:

Notes

References

4. BOOK REVIEW: Susan George. A Fate Worse Than Debt: A radical new analysis of the Third World debt crisis (Or, the world financial crisis and the poor)

5. Viewpoint - Ethics, Ideology and Nutrition

(introductory text...)

Ethos

Ideology

Liberals

Radicals

Political naivete?

Social consciousness

What can I do?

Tool

Establish links

References:

6. Ethics and ideology in the battle against malnutrition

(introductory text...)

How is our ethos formed?

How is ideology formed?

Liberals and radicals - a typology

How relevant is our work?

Are we politically naif?

Are we afraid of speaking-up in political terms?

Nutritionists in the third world

A new direction? - Some possible conclusions

An attempt to know who we are

References

7. The challenge of feeding the people: Chile under Allende and Tanzania under Nyerere

(introductory text...)

The conceptualization of malnutrition as a problem and its effects on nutrition policy formulation: A review of the literature

The challenge of feeding the people: How it has been addressed

Nutrition intervention in Chile and Tanzania: Two perspectives of a shared commitment

Tanzania and Chile: A review in perspective

References

8. The role of Health and Nutrition in development (Le rôle de la santé et de la nutrition dans le développement) (El papel de la salud y la nutrición en el desarrollo)

(introductory text...)

The role of health and nutrition in development

Capacity of the current system to alleviate hunger and malnutrition.

9. Multidisciplinarity, paradigms and ideology in development work

(introductory text...)

Setting the focus:

An attempt to define the concepts:

A development paradigm?:

A missing paradigm in our analysis?:

Paradigms and the ruling elites:

Multidisciplinarity:

The role of conceptual frameworks:

Ideology:

Ideology and legitimacy:

Ethos and norms:

Conflicts in the terminology?:

Subjectivity of the sciences:

The social and the classical sciences in development work:

Science and its environment - The real world around us:

Does a universality and pluralism of theories exist that makes multidisciplinary work realistic?:

Transcending narrow paradigms:

Crisis - The battle of the paradigms:

The dilemmas in choosing a new paradigm:

Who are the real innovators?:

Tackling the basic causes of maldevelopment:

A critical look at what we do:

The limits of traditional development project evaluation:

"We should" - Our inherent obligations and the challenges ahead:

Conclusions:

Acknowledgements:

References:

10. Survey on attitudes to nutrition planning

11. "Household purchasing-power deficit" a more operational indicator to express malnutrition

(introductory text...)

The indicator

Uses and potential abuses of the proposed indicator

Income generation

Income redistribution

Food consumption subsidies - Rationing system

Conclusions

References

12. Foreign aid and its role in maintaining the exploitation of the agricultural sector: evidence from a case study in Africa

(introductory text...)

Evidence of the exploitation: A preamble and five exhibits

Sources, uses, and sectoral distribution of foreign aid: A preamble and four exhibits

Putting it all together: A final balance sheet

Postscript

References

13. Low school malnutrition or cultural deprivation?

14. Hunger and malnutrition: outlook for changes in the Third World*

15. Viewpoint: nutrition planning - what relevance to hunger?

(introductory text...)

The general issues

North-South conflict

The response of the rich

Aid and funding agencies

The international bureaucracy

The basic questions

The planner and the people

Research

A third world perspective

16. Rosalia

17. The political economy of ill health and malnutrition.

(introductory text...)

The situation: The macro and micro levels.

The actors:

The methods and solutions:

Epilog:

References

18. Commentary the markets of hunger: questioning food aid (non-emergency/long-term)

(introductory text...)

Introduction

The politics of food aid:

Not just any kind of aid

Concluding remarks

References

19. Activism to face world hunger: exploring new needed commitments

20. The child survival revolution: a critique or health still only for some by the year 2000?

(introductory text...)

References

21. Development Nemesis

(introductory text...)

PART ONE: Development and today's reality

(introductory text...)

I. Western development: Past and present

II. Myth and reality in development ideology, paradigms and models

PART TWO: The actors and the future of development - The era of empowerment

(introductory text...)

Abstract - Resumé- Introduction

III. The actors in today's development drama (Or rather farce?)

IV. The non-actors in today's development

V. Development: The future

22. Looking beyond the doable: resolutions for a new development decade

23. Egos / alter egos of the main actors in development projects:

(introductory text...)

Why projects don't work

The ''expert'':

The consultancy's management:

The donor agency officer:

The civil servant:

24. Positive deviance in child nutrition: a discussion

25. The project approach in development assistance

26. Triage management in Third World health ministries

27. On behalf of the African child: challenges and windows of opportunity for the donor community.*

28. The household entitlements revolution, or a women-centered approach to family security - an open letter

29. Brave new world: a political pendulum in search of its balance.

30. Malnutrition and income: are we being misled? (a dissenting view with a confusing literature)

Abstract:

The issue of malnutrition and income as presented in the literature:

The thesis: (A counter-argument)

What to do then?:

References

31. A path for the 1990s?: government-donor partnership to finance PHC in the third world.

32. Downsizing the civil service in developing countries: the golden handshake option revisited.

(introductory text...)

Abstract

Introduction: Setting the empirical and conceptual scene:

Why downsize?:

Why a golden handshake?:

Possible new approaches and their limitations: How much to downsize?: Determining the magnitude of the downsizing

How to downsize?: To set preconditions or not to set

What to do with the wages saved from downsizing?

The golden handshake: A grant or a loan to departing civil servants?

To give incentives or to dismiss

Other implementation issues - Alternatives on how to set up the payment system for the golden handshake:

To phase or not to phase:

How to redeploy public servants to the private sector?

Conclusions:

References:

33. The World declaration on nutrition and the 1992 International Conference on nutrition (ICN) plan of action: the cutting edge of conventional thinking.*

34. Income generation activities for women, the ninth essential element of primary health care?: An idea whose time has come!

35. Some reflections on ACC/SCN'S 'how nutrition improves'

36. Nutritional goals for the mid-nineties: a call for advocacy and action

37. The emerging sustainable development paradigm: a global forum on the cutting edge of progressive thinking

(introductory text...)

Abstract

A development paradigm in need of replacement:

Windows of opportunity to take advantage of: (Normative aspects)

The three pillars of an emerging sustainable development paradigm:

Getting from the old to the new paradigm: The time for consolidating a transition is now!

Reevaluating the major development objectives in the late-nineties: Should social gains justify economic sacrifice?

References:

37 A. Sustainable development beyond ethical pronouncements: the role of civil society and networking

(introductory text...)

The context:

The background:

What commitments are needed beyond ethics?: From the normative to the operational in sustainable development

The primarily ethics-led process to sustainable development

The primarily politically-led process to sustainable development

References

38. Foreign aid: giving conditionalities a good name or conditionalities: the launching of a South-South counter-offensive

39. The community development dilemma: when are service delivery, capacity building, advocacy and social mobilisation really empowering?

(introductory text...)

Service delivery:

Capacity building:

Advocacy:

Social mobilisation:

40. Development in the mid 1990s: reflections of an old socialist

41. BOOK REVIEW: Questioning the solution – The politics of primary health care and child survival with an in-depth critique of oral rehydration therapy

42. Equity in health and nutrition and the globalization of the world's economy

43. The different challenges in combating micronutrient deficiencies and combating protein energy malnutrition, or the gap between nutrition engineers and nutrition activists

44. Northern-led development: is it selling technical fixes to solve the problems of ill-health and malnutrition?

45. Actions and activism in fostering genuine grassroots participation in health and nutrition

46. Health, nutrition and sustainable development.

47. NEW PERSPECTIVES, OLD RISKS: OUR NEED TO CHANGE AND TO RECONCEPTUALIZE or REEMPHASIZING THE NEED TO TACKLE THE CAUSES OF POVERTY IN THE BATTLE AGAINST ILL-HEALTH AND MALNUTRITION

48. Health sector reform measures: are they working?... And where do we go from here?

49. On development, the real world, power games and the ugly faces of greed.

50. So what... (in search of the 'big picture' in development ... Food for a depressive thought)

51. Can significantly greater equity be achieved through targeting?: An essay on poverty, equity and targeting in health and nutrition. (*)

(introductory text...)

Poverty, equity and social justice:

Equity and health for all:

Equity, structural adjustment and safety nets for the poor:

Who are the poor and how do we find them?:

Equity and the public/private allocation of resources:

Avenues and dead-end streets to equity:

Equity and targetry: (**)

Equity and participation:

Equity and prepayment schemes:

Equity and social security:

Where to go from here?

52. Globalization, or the fable of the mongoose and the snake

53. Elements for a nutrition activism course and curriculum*

54. The role of human rights in politicizing development ethics, development assistance and development praxis

55. A letter to the student Erica who is planning to specialize in international nutrition