Egypt

HIV/AIDS epidemiological summary

HIV testing has been conducted among antenatal clinic women in Egypt since the late 1980s. HIV testing in Cairo and Alexandria up through 1996 found no evidence of HIV infection among antenatal clinic women. Nor was there evidence of HIV infection among antenatal women tested in Aswan in 1992 and 1993.

Similarly, no evidence of HIV infection was found among sex workers tested in the major urban areas of Cairo (1990-91) and Alexandria (1993), or among sex workers tested in an unspecified area in 1992, and 1994 through 1999, except in 1996 where 0.7% of sex workers tested were found to be HIV-positive.

A study among IV drug users in Cairo, 1994, found nearly 8% of them tested positive for HIV, but those tested between 1995 and 1999 showed no evidence of HIV infection.

In Alexandria and Cairo, less than 1% of male STI clinic patients tested were HIV-positive in 1988 and 1990, while, similarly, very little evidence of HIV infection was found among STI clinic patients tested in Alexandria, Cairo and an unspecified area, 1991-1999. In only one site in Cairo, 1993, 0.3% of STI clinic patients tested were HIV-positive. In 1992 and 1993, HIV testing among STI clinic patients in Asyut found no evidence of HIV infection.

Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, end 1999	Adults and children	Adults (15-49)	Adult rate (%)	Women (15-49)	Children (0-14)
Source: UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000	-	8100	0.02	-	-
Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS		Year	Estimate	Source
Children who lost their mother or both parents due to HIV/AIDS at age 14 or younger since the beginning of the epidemic		-	-	-
Estimated AIDS deaths		-	-	-
Behavioural indicators		Year	Age group	Male	Female
Reported condom use during most recent intercourse with a non-regular partner (%)		-	-	-	-
Reported non-regular sexual partnership over a 12-month period (%)		-	-	-	-
Measured HIV prevalence		Year	Median	Min.	Max.
Women in antenatal care clinics - major urban areas (%)		-	-	-	-

Figure

Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS

Summary of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS

No data on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Egypt were found in the literature review. However, if the epidemic develops in the same way as with many African nations, the impact will be felt in each of the sectors identified here. In households and in the agricultural sector, illness and death may lead to increased expenditure, reduced savings and shifts in productivity patterns. In the area of businesses, detailed studies are required to understand the full impact. In education, a model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF in 2000 shows how increasing mortality rates due to AIDS lead to discontinuity in teaching, with many pupils losing or having a change in their teachers. Studies are required to understand how the epidemic is impacting on demand for education and health as well as how supply in the health sector might be affected by rising infection rates in health care workers.

Macroeconomic impact

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on households

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on firms

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on education

Supply: Not available
Demand: Not available

Economic impact on the health sector

Demand: Not available
Supply: Not available
Resource gap: Not available

Management and implementation of the national response to HIV/AIDS

Policy formulation

Existence of National HIV/AIDS policy (either a written document or part of one)

Yes	No

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Existence of HIV/AIDS policy in the following sectors:

Sector	Yes	No
Agriculture
Education
Health
Military
Workplace
Sports
Others

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Existence of HIV/AIDS-specific legislation against discrimination on the grounds of HIV

Yes	No

Comments/Key elements:
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Organizational structure

Existence of high-level structure in support of the national response

(e.g. National AIDS Committee/Commission, Inter-Ministerial Committee, Presidential-level bodies)

Yes	No

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Planning and programming

Existence of national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS

Yes	No

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

National strategic plan on HIV/AIDS includes clearly identified priorities

Yes	No

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Existence of budget for implementation of the national strategic plan

Yes	No

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

General demographic and socioeconomic indicators

Demographic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total population (thousands)	1999	67 226	UNPOP
Population aged 15-49 (thousands)	1999	34 411	UNPOP
Annual population growth (%)	1990-1998	1.9	UNPOP
% of population urbanized	1998	45	UNPOP
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%)	1990-1998	2.1	UNPOP
Economic indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
GNP per capita (US$)	1997	1200	World Bank
GNP per capita average annual growth rate (%)	1996-1997	4.5	World Bank
Human development index rank (HDI)	2000	119	UNDP
% population economically active	1995	29.9	ILO
Unemployment rate	1995	11.3	ILO
Education indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total adult literacy rate	1995	51	UNESCO
Adult male literacy rate	1995	64	UNESCO
Adult female literacy rate	1995	39	UNESCO
Male secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	80.1	UNESCO
Female secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	70.2	UNESCO
Health indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Crude birth rate (births per 1000 pop.)	1999	26	UNPOP
Crude death rate (deaths per 1000 pop.)	1999	7	UNPOP
Maternal mortality rate (per 100 000 live births)	-	170	WHO
Life expectancy at birth	1998	67	UNPOP
Total fertility rate	1998	3.3	UNPOP
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	1999	47	UNICEF/UNPOP
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%)	1990-1999	55	UNICEF
% of births attended by trained health personnel	1990-1999	56	UNICEF
% of one-year-old children fully immunized (DPT)	1995-1998	96	UNICEF

References