Angola

HIV/AIDS epidemiological summary

Limited HIV prevalence information among antenatal clinic attendees has been available since the mid-1980s from Angola. In Luanda, the major urban area, HIV prevalence among antenatal women tested increased from 0.3% in 1986 to 1% in 1995. Outside of the major urban areas, 7% of antenatal women tested in Cabinda Province in 1992 tested positive for HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 (HIV prevalence by type is not available). Between 1993 and 1996, HIV-1 prevalence increased from 7% to 9% of antenatal clinic attendees tested. In 1995, 0.5% of antenatal women tested in Namibe Province were HIV-1-positive.

There is no information available on HIV prevalence among sex workers.

In 1987-88, 13% of male STI clinic patients tested in Dundo were HIV-positive. In 1992, 3% of female STI clinic patients tested in Luanda were HIV-positive.

In 1995, 1% of military personnel tested in Luanda were HIV-positive.

Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, end 1999	Adults and children	Adults (15-49)	Adult rate (%)	Women (15-49)	Children (0-14)
Source: UNAIDS/WHO June 2000	160 000	150 000	2.78	82 000	7900
Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS		Year	Estimate	Source
Children who lost their mother or both parents due to HIV/AIDS at age 14 or younger since the beginning of the epidemic		1999	98 000	UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000
Estimated AIDS deaths		1999	15 000	UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000
Behavioural indicators		Year	Age group	Male	Female
Reported condom use during most recent intercourse with a non-regular partner (%)		1997	14-19	38.1	36.3
Reported non-regular sexual partnership over a 12-month period (%)		1997	15-49	28.4
Measured HIV prevalence		Year	Median	Min.	Max.
Women in antenatal care clinics - major urban areas (%)		1995	1.2	1.2	1.2

Figure

Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS

Summary of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS

No empirical data on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Angola were found in the literature review. Only an international study exploring the impact of the epidemic on education provided any information on the potential impact in the country. With the instability of such a war-torn nation, it is likely that the country is vulnerable to fast rising rates of prevalence. The impact will be felt in each of the sectors identified here. In households and in the agricultural sector, illness and death lead to increased expenditure, reduced savings and shifts in productivity patterns. In the area of businesses, more detailed studies are required to understand the full impact to this sector. The education study shows that increasing mortality rates due to AIDS leads to discontinuity in teaching, with many pupils losing or having a change in their teachers. Further data are required to help us understand the current level of demand on the health sector due to AIDS and how supply might be affected by rising infection rates in health care workers.

Macroeconomic impact

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on households

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on firms

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on education

Supply: A model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF in 2000 shows that, of nearly 1 million primary school students, 3300 children would have lost a teacher to AIDS in 1999 (1).

Demand: Not available

Economic impact on the health sector

Supply: Not available
Demand: Not available
Resource gap: Not available

Management and implementation of the national response to HIV/AIDS

Policy formulation

Existence of national HIV/AIDS policy (either a written document or part of one)

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: The document was formulated and published by the National Assembly in the 1980s.

Source: National AIDS Programme

Date: 22 June 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS policy in the following sectors:

Sector	Yes	No
Agriculture		X
Education		X
Health	X
Military	X
Workplace		X
Sports		X
Others

Comments/Key elements:
Source: National AIDS Programme
Date: 22 June 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS-specific legislation against discrimination on the grounds of HIV

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements: A parliamentary commission, led by the Parliamentary Women’s Group, was created last April, with the mandate to formulate a preliminary project for legislation on HIV/AIDS. This commission integrates the NAP, UNAIDS (represented by the UNAIDS/CPA and the UNFPA Representative), national lawyers, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Labour, USAID, PLWA and ANASO (AIDS NGO Network). For this, four public meetings were held in Luanda, Huila, Bengo and Namibe Provinces to collect information from different sectors of society about what should be prioritized in law relating to HIV/AIDS. On 22 June 2000, a specific session of the National Assembly, led by the President of the Parliament, was devoted to discussing the current HIV situation in Angola. Besides legislators, the meeting included the presence of ministers, representatives of the UN system, the Bishop of Luanda, academics and members of the Diplomatic corps. The results of the meeting had an impact in the four provinces noted above. Brazil’s experience in the formulation of legislation on HIV/AIDS, raised by a Brazilian lawyer, was also considered. UNAIDS/CPA presented the current HIV situation in Africa and the role of international partnership. The Minister of Health presented the current STI/HIV/AIDS situation in Angola and the major objectives and strategies of the National Strategic Plan. Later, a similar session was carried out with representatives of civil society, at which important suggestions were made by the participants for the legislation process in Angola. The first draft is expected to be ready soon.

Source: UNAIDS/CPA

Date: 22 June 2000

Organizational structure

Existence of high-level structure in support of the national response

(e.g. National AIDS Committee/Commission, Inter-Ministerial Committee, Presidential-level bodies)

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: There is already a committee at the National Assembly, noted above, as well as a coordination body involving vice-ministers from different sectors, including the Representative of the President and the Representative of the First Lady, working together within the framework of the recently approved National Strategic Plan.

In the last three years, there has been a considerable upsurge in the involvement of the top leadership of the country in support of the national campaign against HIV/AIDS. They include the President of Angola, the National Assembly, the Ministries, the Cabinet of the First Lady, and the top army leadership. (A civil-military alliance was recently signed on STD/HIV/AIDS.)

Source: UNAIDS/CPA

Date: 22 June 2000

Planning and programming

Existence of national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: The National Strategic Plan was formulated in June 1999 and approved by the Parliament last December. A Resolution was made to the Government to technically and financially support the plan. Several specific projects are in course, such as legislation, a mass media campaign, and support for people infected or affected by HIV/AIDS.

Source: UNAIDS/CPA

Date: 22 June 2000

National strategic plan on HIV/AIDS includes clearly identified priorities

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: The priorities were defined after a situation analysis and different workshops with Ministries (17), the National Assembly, UN agencies, donors, NGOs, representatives of PLWA, the university, and churches, among others.

Source: UNAIDS/CPA

Date: 22 June 2000

Existence of budget for implementation of the national strategic plan

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: Funds were allocated by USAID (US$ 3 million) for social marketing of condoms, IEC, and approximately US$ 350 000 came from the government. A new specific budget for HIV/AIDS is expected to be released by the President of the country, according to the information released by the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs during the bilateral commission USA/Angola in May 2000 to support the implementation of the National Strategic Plan.

Source: National AIDS Programme

Date: 22 June 2000

General demographic and socioeconomic indicators

Demographic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total population (thousands)	1999	12 479	UNPOP
Population aged 15-49 (thousands)	1999	5367	UNPOP
Annual population growth (%)	1990-1998	3.2	UNPOP
% of population urbanized	1998	31	UNPOP
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%)	1990-1998	4.8	UNPOP
Economic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
GNP per capita (US$)	1997	260	World Bank
GNP per capita average annual growth rate (%)	1996-1997	-2.5	World Bank
Human Development Index rank (HDI)	2000	160	UNDP
% of population economically active	1997	45	UNDP
Unemployment rate	1997	32.1	INE
Education Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total adult literacy rate	1997	43	INE
Adult male literacy rate	1997	56	INE
Adult female literacy rate	1995	28	INE
Male secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	14.2	UNESCO
Female secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	9.4	UNESCO
Health Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Crude birth rate (births per 1000 pop.)	1999	48	UNPOP
Crude death rate (deaths per 1000 pop.)	1999	18	UNPOP
Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births)	1990	1854	MOH
Life expectancy at birth	1998	47	UNPOP
Total fertility rate	1998	6.7	UNPOP
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	1999	123	UNICEF/UNPOP
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%)	1996, 1990-1999	8	UNICEF/UNPOP
% of births attended by trained health personnel	1996	23	MICS/INE
% of one-year-old children fully immunized-DPT	1995-1998	36	UNICEF

References

(1) UNICEF. The Progress of Nations 2000. Background paper. New York, UNICEF, 2000.