Sudan

HIV/AIDS epidemiological summary

Information on HIV prevalence among antenatal clinic women has only recently become available. A study conducted in Khartoum in 1996 found that 5% of antenatal clinic women tested were HIV-positive. However, in 1998, less than 1% of antenatal clinic women tested were HIV-positive. Outside Khartoum, a study conducted in Juba in 1995 found that 3% of antenatal clinic women tested were HIV-positive. In 1998, 4% of antenatal clinic women in Juba and El Gedarif tested HIV-positive.

There is no information on HIV prevalence in sex workers.

In Juba, HIV prevalence among STI clinic patients tested ranged from 2% to 7% between 1991 and 1994. In 1997, 3% of STI clinic patients tested in an unspecified site were HIV-positive.

Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, end 1999	Adults and children	Adults (15-49)	Adult rate (%)	Women (15-49)	Children (0-14)
Source: UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000	-	140 000	0.99	-	-
Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS		Year	Estimate		Source
Children who lost their mother or both parents due to HIV/AIDS at age 14 or younger since the beginning of the epidemic		-	-		-
Estimated AIDS deaths		-	-		-
Behavioural indicators		Year	Age group	Male	Female
Reported condom use during most recent intercourse with a non-regular partner (%)		-	-	-	-
Reported non-regular sexual partnership over a 12-month period (%)		1995	15-49	3.0	1.0
Measured HIV prevalence		Year	Median	Min.	Max.
Women in antenatal care clinics - major urban areas (%)		1998	0.5	0.5	0.5

Figure

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS

Summary of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS

No empirical data on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Sudan were found. However, as with many sub-Saharan African nations, as prevalence rises, the impact will be felt in each of the sectors identified here. In households and in the agricultural sector, illness and death lead to increased expenditure, reduced savings and shifts in productivity patterns. In the area of businesses, more detailed studies are required in order for us to understand the full impact. In education, an international model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF shows how increasing mortality due to AIDS leads to discontinuity, with many pupils losing or having a change in their teachers. Data are also required for an understanding of how the epidemic is impacting on supply and demand in all these sectors.

Macroeconomic impact

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on households

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on firms

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on education

Supply: Not available
Demand: Not available

Economic impact on the health sector

Demand: Not available
Supply: Not available
Resource gap: Not available

Management and implementation of the national response to HIV/AIDS

Policy formulation

Existence of national HIV/AIDS policy (either a written document or part of one)

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements:
Source: CTG (Chair, Theme Group)
Date: 22 June 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS policy in the following sectors:

Sector	Yes	No
Agriculture		X
Education		X
Health		X
Military		X
Workplace		X
Sports		X
Others		X

Comments/Key elements:
Source: CTG
Date: 22 June 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS-specific legislation against discrimination on the grounds of HIV

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements:
Source: CTG
Date: 22 June 2000

Organizational structure

Existence of high-level structure in support of the national response

(e.g. National AIDS Committee/Commission, Inter-Ministerial Committee, Presidential-level bodies)

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements: The national response has just begun to develop. The Sudan National AIDS Programme falls within the responsibility of the Federal Ministry of Health. There is a plan to form an inter-ministerial body. The CTG is playing a major role in initiating high-level involvement in the HIV/AIDS programme.

Source: CTG

Date: 22 June 2000

Planning and programming

Existence of national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements: The SPP has been initiated by SNAP in collaboration with CTG. The SPP is expected to be ready by the middle of 2001.

Source: CTG

Date: 22 June 2000

National strategic plan on HIV/AIDS includes clearly identified priorities

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements: Being worked out.
Source: CTG
Date: 22 June 2000

Existence of budget for implementation of the national strategic plan

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: UNAIDS Geneva provided US$ 147 000 through a cost-sharing agreement with UNDP.

Source: CTG

Date: 22 June 2000

General demographic and socioeconomic indicators

Demographic indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total population (thousands)	1999	26 883	UNPOP
Population aged 15-49 (thousands)	1999	14 199	UNPOP
Annual population growth (%)	1990-1998	2.0	UNPOP
% of population urbanized	1998	33	UNPOP
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%)	1990-1998	4.3	UNPOP
Economic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
GNP per capita (US$)	1997	290	World Bank
GNP per capita average annual growth rate (%)	1996-1997	4.2	World Bank
Human Development Index rank (HDI)	2000	143	UNDP
% population economically active	1993	33.7	ILO
Unemployment rate	-	-	-
Education Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total adult literacy rate	1995	46	UNESCO
Adult male literacy rate	1995	58	UNESCO
Adult female literacy rate	1995	35	UNESCO
Male secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	21.2	UNESCO
Female secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	19.1	UNESCO
Health Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Crude birth rate (births per 1000 pop.)	1999	33	UNPOP
Crude death rate (deaths per 1000 pop.)	1999	11	UNPOP
Maternal mortality rate (per 100 000 live births)	1990	660	WHO
Life expectancy at birth	1998	55	UNPOP
Total fertility rate	1998	4.6	UNPOP
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	1999	68	UNICEF/UNPOP
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%)	1990-1999	8	UNICEF/UNPOP
% of births attended by trained health personnel	1990-1999	69	UNICEF
% of one-year-old children fully immunized (DPT)	1995-1998	72	UNICEF

References