Burundi

HIV/AIDS epidemiological summary

HIV prevalence information among antenatal clinic attendees has been available since the mid-1980s from Burundi. Bujumbura is considered the only major urban area in the country. From 1985-87 to 1995, HIV prevalence among antenatal women increased from 15% to 28% in Bujumbura. In 1998, 19% of antenatal clinic women tested were HIV-positive and 30% of 25-29-year-olds were HIV-positive. Outside Bujumbura, up to six sites have reported HIV prevalence among antenatal clinic women. In 1997, a median of 9% of the women tested were HIV-positive. HIV prevalence ranged from 3% to 17%. In 1998, 20% of antenatal clinic women tested in Gitega were HIV-positive, among whom 24% under 20 years of age were HIV-positive. In 1993, 42% of sex workers tested in Bujumbura were HIV-positive.

Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, end 1999	Adults and children	Adults (15-49)	Adult rate (%)	Women (15-49)	Children (0-14)
Source: UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000	360 000	340 000	11.32	190 000	19 000
Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS		Year	Estimate	Source
Children who lost their mother or both parents due to HIV/AIDS at age 14 or younger since the beginning of the epidemic		1999	230 000	UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000
Estimated AIDS deaths		1999	39 000	UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000
Behavioural indicators		Year	Age group	Male	Female
Reported condom use during most recent intercourse with a non-regular partner (%)		-	-	-	-
Reported non-regular sexual partnership over a 12-month period (%)		-	-	-	-
Measured HIV prevalence		Year	Median	Min.	Max.
Women in antenatal care clinics - major urban areas (%)		1998	18.6	18.6	18.6

Figure

Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS

Summary of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS

No empirical data on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Burundi were found in the literature review. Two international studies using models to explore the effect of AIDS on the education and health systems provided some information on the potential impact in the country. However, as with many sub-Saharan African nations, the impact will be felt in each of the sectors identified here. In households and in the agricultural sector, illness and death may lead to increased expenditures, reduced savings and shifts in productivity patterns. In the area of businesses, detailed studies are required in order for us to understand the full impact. In education, a model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF shows how increasing mortality rates due to AIDS leads to discontinuity in teaching, with many pupils losing or having a change in their teachers. Studies are also required in order for us to understand how the epidemic is impacting on demand for education and health as well as how supply in the health sector might be affected by rising infection rates in health care workers. One model shows that resources required to implement a scaled-up prevention and care programme represent a per capita cost of around US$ 3 to US$ 4 and 3% of GDP.

Macroeconomic impact

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on households

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on firms

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on education

Supply: A model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF in 2000 shows that, of around 650 000 primary school students, 9500 would have lost a teacher to AIDS in 1999 (1).

Demand: Not available

Economic impact on the health sector

Supply: Not available

Demand: Not available

Resource gap: The annual costs of scaling-up HIV/AIDS programmes is estimated to be between US$ 22 million and US$ 30 million (2).

Management and implementation of the national response to HIV/AIDS

Policy formulation

Existence of National HIV/AIDS policy (either a written document or part of one)

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements:
Source: NACP/STD
Date: 23 June 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS policy in the following sectors:

Sector	Yes	No
Agriculture		X
Education	X
Health	X
Military	X
Workplace	X
Sports	X
Others

Comments/Key elements:
Source: NACP
Date: 23 June 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS-specific legislation against discrimination on the grounds of HIV

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: The legislation has been submitted for the President’s signature.
Source: NACP
Date: 23 June 2000

Organizational structure

Existence of high-level structure in support of the national response

(e.g. National AIDS Committee/Commission, Inter-Ministerial Committee, Presidential-level bodies)

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: National High Council against AIDS (Inter-Ministerial Committee)
Source: NACP
Date: 23 June 2000

Planning and programming

Existence of national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements:
Source: NSP document
Date: 29 April 1999

National strategic plan on HIV/AIDS includes clearly identified priorities

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements:
Source: NSP document
Date: 29 April 1999

Existence of budget for implementation of the national strategic plan

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: The budget for the two first years was clearly established in the document but only two-fifths of it has so far been made available by different donors.

Source: Not available

Date: Not available

General demographic and socioeconomic indicators

Demographic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total population (thousands)	1999	6565	UNPOP
Population aged 15-49 (thousands)	1999	2996	UNPOP
Annual population growth (%)	1990-1998	2.1	UNPOP
% of population urbanized	1998	8	UNPOP
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%)	1990-1998	6.2	UNPOP
Economic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
GNP per capita (US$)	1997	140	World Bank
GNP per capita average annual growth rate (%)	1996-1997	-1.5	World Bank
Human Development Index rank (HDI)	2000	170	UNDP
% population economically active	-	-	-
Unemployment rate	-	-	-
Education Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total adult literacy rate	1995	35	UNESCO
Adult male literacy rate	1995	49	UNESCO
Adult female literacy rate	1995	23	UNESCO
Male secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	10.2	UNESCO
Female secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	6.2	UNESCO
Health Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Crude birth rate (births per 1000 pop.)	1999	42	UNPOP
Crude death rate (deaths per 1000 pop.)	1999	20	UNPOP
Maternal mortality rate (per 100 000 live births)	1990	1,300	WHO
Life expectancy at birth	1998	43	UNPOP
Total fertility rate	1998	6.2	UNPOP
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	1999	116	UNICEF/UNPOP
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%)	1990-1999	9	UNICEF/UNPOP
% of births attended by trained health personnel	1990-1999	24	UNICEF
% of one-year-old children fully immunized-DPT	1995-1998	50	UNICEF

References

(1) UNICEF. The Progress of Nations 2000. Background paper. New York, UNICEF, 2000.

(2) World Bank and UNAIDS. Costs of Scaling HIV Programmes to a National Level for Sub-Saharan Africa. Draft report, April 2000.