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Egypt

HIV/AIDS epidemiological summary

HIV testing has been conducted among antenatal clinic women in Egypt since the late 1980s. HIV testing in Cairo and Alexandria up through 1996 found no evidence of HIV infection among antenatal clinic women. Nor was there evidence of HIV infection among antenatal women tested in Aswan in 1992 and 1993.

Similarly, no evidence of HIV infection was found among sex workers tested in the major urban areas of Cairo (1990-91) and Alexandria (1993), or among sex workers tested in an unspecified area in 1992, and 1994 through 1999, except in 1996 where 0.7% of sex workers tested were found to be HIV-positive.

A study among IV drug users in Cairo, 1994, found nearly 8% of them tested positive for HIV, but those tested between 1995 and 1999 showed no evidence of HIV infection.

In Alexandria and Cairo, less than 1% of male STI clinic patients tested were HIV-positive in 1988 and 1990, while, similarly, very little evidence of HIV infection was found among STI clinic patients tested in Alexandria, Cairo and an unspecified area, 1991-1999. In only one site in Cairo, 1993, 0.3% of STI clinic patients tested were HIV-positive. In 1992 and 1993, HIV testing among STI clinic patients in Asyut found no evidence of HIV infection.

Figure

Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS

Summary of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS

No data on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Egypt were found in the literature review. However, if the epidemic develops in the same way as with many African nations, the impact will be felt in each of the sectors identified here. In households and in the agricultural sector, illness and death may lead to increased expenditure, reduced savings and shifts in productivity patterns. In the area of businesses, detailed studies are required to understand the full impact. In education, a model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF in 2000 shows how increasing mortality rates due to AIDS lead to discontinuity in teaching, with many pupils losing or having a change in their teachers. Studies are required to understand how the epidemic is impacting on demand for education and health as well as how supply in the health sector might be affected by rising infection rates in health care workers.

Macroeconomic impact

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on households

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on firms

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on education

Supply: Not available
Demand: Not available

Economic impact on the health sector

Demand: Not available
Supply: Not available
Resource gap: Not available

Management and implementation of the national response to HIV/AIDS

Policy formulation

Existence of National HIV/AIDS policy (either a written document or part of one)

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Existence of HIV/AIDS policy in the following sectors:

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Existence of HIV/AIDS-specific legislation against discrimination on the grounds of HIV

Comments/Key elements:
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Organizational structure

Existence of high-level structure in support of the national response

(e.g. National AIDS Committee/Commission, Inter-Ministerial Committee, Presidential-level bodies)

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Planning and programming

Existence of national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

National strategic plan on HIV/AIDS includes clearly identified priorities

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

Existence of budget for implementation of the national strategic plan

Comments/Key elements: Not available
Source: Not available
Date: Not available

General demographic and socioeconomic indicators

References