Chad

HIV/AIDS epidemiological summary

In the major urban area of N’Djam, HIV prevalence among antenatal clinic attendees increased from 2% of women tested in 1995 to 6% in 1999. Outside of N’Djam, a median of 5% of antenatal clinic women tested HIV-positive in AbBol, Bongor, and Sarh in 1999.

In 1995, 13% of commercial sex workers tested in N’Djam were HIV-positive. Also, 10% of military personnel tested in N’Djam were HIV-positive.

Among STI clinic patients tested in Bol and Faya, 22% were HIV-positive in 1999.

Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, end 1999	Adults and children	Adults (15-49)	Adult rate (%)	Women (15-49)	Children (0-14)
Source: UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000	92 000	88 000	2.69	49 000	4000
Demographic impact of HIV/AIDS		Year	Estimate	Source
Children who lost their mother or both parents due to HIV/AIDS at age 14 or younger since the beginning of the epidemic		1999	68 000	UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000
Estimated AIDS deaths		1999	10 000	UNAIDS/WHO, June 2000
Behavioural indicators		Year	Age group	Male	Female
Reported condom use during most recent intercourse with a non-regular partner (%)		-	-	-	-
Reported non-regular sexual partnership over a 12-month period (%)		-	-	-	-
Measured HIV prevalence		Year	Median	Min.	Max.
Women in antenatal care clinics - major urban areas (%)		1999	6.2	3.6	7.3

Figure

Economic Impact of HIV/AIDS

Summary of the economic impact of HIV/AIDS

No empirical data on the economic impact of HIV/AIDS on Chad were found in the literature review. Only one international study using a model to explore the effect of AIDS on the education systems provided any information on the potential impact in the country. However, as with many sub-Saharan African nations, the impact will be felt in each of the sectors identified here. In households and in the agricultural sector, illness and death may lead to increased expenditures, reduced savings and shifts in productivity patterns. With over 85% of the GDP generated through agriculture, these effects can have a severe impact on output and food security. In the area of businesses, detailed studies are required to understand the full impact. In education, a model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF in 2000 shows how increasing mortality rates due to AIDS leads to discontinuity in teaching, with many pupils losing or having a change in their teachers. Further data are also needed in order for us to understand how the epidemic is impacting on demand for education and health as well as how supply in the health sector might be affected by rising infection rates in health care workers.

Macroeconomic impact

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on households

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on firms

Not available

Economic impact of HIV/AIDS on education

Supply: A model developed by UNAIDS and UNICEF in 2000 shows that, of around 700 000 primary school students, 2600 would have lost a teacher to AIDS in 1999.

Demand: Not available

Economic impact on the health sector

Supply: Not available
Demand: Not available
Resource gap: Not available

Management and implementation of the national response to HIV/AIDS

Policy formulation

Existence of National HIV/AIDS policy (either a written document or part of one)

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: policy formulated in the MTP I and II. Currently the NSP 1999-2003 is being finalized.

Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad

Date: 1 July 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS policy in the following sectors:

Sector	Yes	No
Agriculture	X
Education
Health	X
Military	X
Workplace
Sports
Others

Comments/Key elements: Eleven Ministries have formulated AIDS projects.
Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad
Date: 1 July 2000

Existence of HIV/AIDS-specific legislation against discrimination on the grounds of HIV

Yes	No
	X

Comments/Key elements: The parliamentary network for population and development has initiated a study on current legislation and the institutional and judicial framework as it relates to HIV/AIDS.

Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad

Date: 1 July 2000

Organizational structure

Existence of high-level structure in support of the national response

(e.g. National AIDS Committee/Commission, Inter-Ministerial Committee, Presidential-level bodies)

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements:

1. The national AIDS committee (line ministries and main partners).
2. The technical AIDS Committee (DG of line ministries and experts)
3. The NACP

This structure is currently being reorganized

Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad

Date: 1 July 2000

Planning and programming

Existence of national strategic plan on HIV/AIDS

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: the 1999-2003 NSP is being finalized.
Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad
Date: 1 July 2000

National strategic plan on HIV/AIDS includes clearly identified priorities

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements:

- Strengthening of advocacy at all levels, catalytic projects and multisectoral response.
- Partnership
- Focus on vulnerable groups
- Better knowledge of the epidemic
- Effective care of infected persons
- Contractual approach
- Decentralization
- Involvement of religious organizations
- Strengthening of the activities in the key ministries

Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad

Date: 1 July 2000

Existence of budget for implementation of the national strategic plan

Yes	No
X

Comments/Key elements: A budget has been drafted for the NSP 1999-2003. A mobilization meeting for resources was organized in March 1999, outside of the sectoral round table for health. For 1999-2000, finance has been almost exclusively received from IDA, GT, UNDP, WHO, EU, and Chad Government funds.

Source: UNAIDS Focal Point Chad

Date: 1 July 2000

General demographic and socioeconomic indicators

Demographic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total population (thousands)	1999	7458	UNPOP
Population aged 15-49 (thousands)	1999	3283	UNPOP
Annual population growth (%)	1990-1998	2.9	UNPOP
% of population urbanized	1998	22	UNPOP
Average annual growth rate of urban population (%)	1990-1998	3.7	UNPOP
Economic Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
GNP per capita (US$)	1997	230	World Bank
GNP per capita average annual growth rate (%)	1996-1997	3.5	World Bank
Human Development Index rank (HDI)	2000	167	UNDP
% population economically active	1993	43.9	ILO
Unemployment rate	-	-	-
Education Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Total adult literacy rate	1995	48	UNESCO
Adult male literacy rate	1995	62	UNESCO
Adult female literacy rate	1995	35	UNESCO
Male secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	16.2	UNESCO
Female secondary school enrolment ratio	1996	4.1	UNESCO
Health Indicators	Year	Estimate	Source
Crude birth rate (births per 1000 pop.)	1999	43	UNPOP
Crude death rate (deaths per 1000 pop.)	1999	17	UNPOP
Maternal mortality rate (per 100 000 live births)	1990	1500	WHO
Life expectancy at birth	1998	47	UNPOP
Total fertility rate	1998	6.0	UNPOP
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	1999	110	UNICEF/UNPOP
Contraceptive prevalence rate (%)	1990-1999	4	UNICEF/UNPOP
% of births attended by trained health personnel	1990-1999	15	UNICEF
% of one-year-old children fully immunized (DPT)	1995-1998	24	UNICEF

References